地球静止轨道卫星碰撞碎片演化分析
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摘要
地球静止轨道(GEO)附近密集运行着大量的航天器和空间碎片,针对GEO卫星与空间碎片发生碰撞后,新产生的空间碎片对GEO造成的影响问题,分析计算运行在或穿越GEO区域的空间碎片与GEO卫星可能的碰撞相对速度;运用质量守恒和动量守恒对NASA标准解体模型生成的碎片信息进行验证;针对两种来源的碎片与GEO卫星的碰撞解体事件,在碰撞完全解体和非完全解体两种条件下,选取符合两大定律的解体碎片数据,计算碰撞产生的碎片的扩散速率,分析得出结论,空间碎片以较大相对速度与GEO卫星发生碰撞,将产生大量新的碎片,并在约半天内扩散到整个GEO区域,对该区域航天器产生较大威胁。
A large number of spacecraft and space debris are intensively distributed in the geostationary orbit space,and once a collision occurs,it will have a serious impact on GEO.Calculate the relative velocity between space debris running in or across the GEO area and GEO satellites.The conservation of mass and momentum is used to verify the NASA standard breakup model.According to the collision events between space debris with GEO satellite,under complete disintegration and incomplete disintegration,calculate the diffusion rate of new debris generated by the collision.Space debris collides with GEO satellites at a relatively large relative speed,which will generate a large number of new debris and spread to the entire GEO area in about half a day,posing agreater threat to spacecraft in the area.
A large number of spacecraft and space debris are intensively distributed in the geostationary orbit space,and once a collision occurs,it will have a serious impact on GEO.Calculate the relative velocity between space debris running in or across the GEO area and GEO satellites.The conservation of mass and momentum is used to verify the NASA standard breakup model.According to the collision events between space debris with GEO satellite,under complete disintegration and incomplete disintegration,calculate the diffusion rate of new debris generated by the collision.Space debris collides with GEO satellites at a relatively large relative speed,which will generate a large number of new debris and spread to the entire GEO area in about half a day,posing agreater threat to spacecraft in the area.
引文
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[4]Johnson N L.NASA′s new breakup model of evolve4.0[J].Advances in Space Research,2001,28(9):1377-1384.
[5]沈怀荣,王卫杰,李怡勇,等.航天器空间撞击建模与分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[6]Chafer F,Quarti M,Roll M,et al.Fragmentation studies of simple cubic structures at Fraunhofer EMI[A].The 6th European Conference on Space Debris[C].Darmstadt,Germany,2013.
[7]柳森,兰胜威,李毅,等.航天器解体模型研究综述[J].宇航学报,2010,31(1):14-23.
[8]兰胜威,柳森,李毅,等.航天器解体模型研究的新进展[J].实验流体力学,2014,28(2):73-79;104.
[9]兰胜威,柳森,任磊生,等.航天器碰撞解体碎片分析软件SFA2.0及其应用[J].航天器环境工程,2016,33(5):463-469.
[10]王东方.空间碎片环境预测算法研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014:27-42.
[11]彭科科.近地轨道空间碎片环境工程模型建模技术研究[J].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2015:21-44.
[12]张斌斌,王兆魁,张育林.空间物体解体碎片云的长期演化建模与分析[J].中国空间科学技术,2016,36(4):1-8.
[13]白显宗.空间目标碰撞预警中的碰撞概率问题研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2008.
[14]李怡勇,深怀荣,李智,等.航天器撞击解体碎片的短期危险评估[J].宇航学报,2010,31(4):1231-1236.
[15]李怡勇,李智,沈怀荣.地球静止轨道卫星撞击解体的数值模拟[J].上海航天,2011,28(4):47-50,72.
[16]周宵灯,崔村燕,赵蓓蕾,等.卫星爆炸碎片产生过程与影响因素的数值分析[J].兵器装备工程学报,2018,39(5):196-200.
[17]齐跃,李怡勇,来嘉哲.航天器碰撞解体模型分析比较[J].兵工自动化,2018,37(2):74-77.
[18]IADC space debris mitigation guidelines[A].Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee[C].IADC-02-01,2002;revised 2007.
[19]Wang D F,Pang B J,Xiao W K,et al.GEO objects spatial density and collision probability in the Earth-centered Earthfixed(ECEF)coordinate system[J].Acta Astronautica,2016,118:218-223.
[20]王卫杰,沈怀荣,李怡勇.1999-025A卫星相撞解体碎片演化及其影响研究[J].装备指挥技术学院学报,2010,21(5):60-64.
[21]李灿安,庞宝君,许可,等.爆炸解体空间碎片的空间密度分布[J].强度与环境,2009,36(4):42-49.
[22]沈怀荣,王卫杰,李怡勇,等.航天器空间撞击建模与分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
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