Characterization of Corrosion Behavior of Irradiated X65 Low Carbon Steel in Aerobic and Unsaturated Gaomiaozi Bentonite
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摘要
2.98 kGy/h(1007 h) gamma irradiation and 90 ℃(2000 h) thermal aging were exerted to X65 grade low carbon steel buried in Gaomiaozi bentonite containing 17 wt% Beishan groundwater. The average corrosion rate of X65 low carbon steel was measured. The elemental and phase distribution on cross section was characterized by using electron probe micro-analysis, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, and micro-X-ray diffraction. The following conclusions can be made: the average aerobic corrosion rate of the carbon steel is(45.16 ± 1.53) μm/year. Taking the original surface as boundary, the corrosion scale is divided into an internal dense product layer(DPL) mainly composed of Fe_3O_4 with segregated FeCO_3 at the corrosion front and an external DPL mainly composed of Fe_3O_4 with segregated α-Fe_2O_3 and bentonite at some relics.Si, S, and Cl are concentrated at the corrosion front of the internal DPL, while Si and Al are concentrated at the external DPL.
2.98 kGy/h(1007 h) gamma irradiation and 90 ℃(2000 h) thermal aging were exerted to X65 grade low carbon steel buried in Gaomiaozi bentonite containing 17 wt% Beishan groundwater. The average corrosion rate of X65 low carbon steel was measured. The elemental and phase distribution on cross section was characterized by using electron probe micro-analysis, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, and micro-X-ray diffraction. The following conclusions can be made: the average aerobic corrosion rate of the carbon steel is(45.16 ± 1.53) μm/year. Taking the original surface as boundary, the corrosion scale is divided into an internal dense product layer(DPL) mainly composed of Fe_3O_4 with segregated FeCO_3 at the corrosion front and an external DPL mainly composed of Fe_3O_4 with segregated α-Fe_2O_3 and bentonite at some relics.Si, S, and Cl are concentrated at the corrosion front of the internal DPL, while Si and Al are concentrated at the external DPL.
2.98 kGy/h(1007 h) gamma irradiation and 90 ℃(2000 h) thermal aging were exerted to X65 grade low carbon steel buried in Gaomiaozi bentonite containing 17 wt% Beishan groundwater. The average corrosion rate of X65 low carbon steel was measured. The elemental and phase distribution on cross section was characterized by using electron probe micro-analysis, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, and micro-X-ray diffraction. The following conclusions can be made: the average aerobic corrosion rate of the carbon steel is(45.16 ± 1.53) μm/year. Taking the original surface as boundary, the corrosion scale is divided into an internal dense product layer(DPL) mainly composed of Fe_3O_4 with segregated FeCO_3 at the corrosion front and an external DPL mainly composed of Fe_3O_4 with segregated α-Fe_2O_3 and bentonite at some relics.Si, S, and Cl are concentrated at the corrosion front of the internal DPL, while Si and Al are concentrated at the external DPL.
引文
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[2]H.L.Wang,Dissertation(Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology,2014)
[3]D.G.Bennett,R.Gens,J.Nucl.Mater.379,1(2008)
[4]B.W.A.Sherar,P.G.Keech,D.W.Shoesmith,Corros.Sci.53,3636(2011)
[5]B.W.A.Sherar,P.G.Keech,D.W.Shoesmith,Corros.Sci.53,3643(2011)
[6]K.Ishiguro,K.Kawamura,H.Sonobe,M.Nodaka,T.Arai,Y.Yusa,N.Tsunoda,Nucl.Sci.Eng.116,61(1989)
[7]W.Debruyn,Corrosion of Container Materials Under Clay Repository Conditions,10121(Atomic Energy of Canada Limited,Belgium,1990),p.175
[8]J.L.Nelson,R.E.Westerman,F.S.Gerber,Mater.Res.Soc.Symp.Proc.26,121(1984)
[9]F.King,C.Lilja,K.Pedersen,P.Pitkanen,M.Vahanen,An Update of the State of the Art Report on the Corrosion of Copper Under Expected Conditions in a Deep Geologic Repository,TR-10-67(Svensk Ka¨rnbra¨nslehantering AB,Stockholm,2010),p.91
[10]F.King,M.Kolar,P.G.Keech,Corros.Eng.Sci.Technol.49,455(2014)
[11]D.Fe′ron,D.Crusset,J.M.Gras,J.Nucl.Mater.379,16(2008)
[12]H12:Project to Establish the Scientific and Technical Basis for HLW Disposal in Japan,TN1410-2000-001(Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute,2000),p.4-14
[13]F.King,C.Padovani,Corros.Eng.Sci.Technol.46,82(2011)
[14]K.Lundgren,Radiation Levels and Absorbed Doses Around Copper Canisters Containing Spent LWR Fuel,TR-82-11(Svensk Ka¨rnbra¨nslehantering AB,Stockholm,1982),p.20
[15]F.A.Martin,C.Bataillon,M.L.Schlegel,J.Nucl.Mater.379,80(2008)
[16]F.Martin,S.Perrin,M.Fenart,M.Schlegel,C.Bataillon,Corros.Eng.Sci.Technol.49,460(2014)
[17]F.A.Martin,S.Perrin,C.Bataillon,Mater.Res.Soc.Symp.Proc.1475,471(2012)
[18]M.L.Schlegel,C.Bataillon,K.Benhamida,C.Blanc,D.Menut,J.L.Lacour,Appl.Geochem.23,2619(2008)
[19]M.L.Schlegel,C.Bataillon,C.Blanc,D.Pret,E.Foy,Environ.Sci.Technol.44,1503(2010)
[20]D.Neff,S.Reguer,L.Bellot-Gurlet,P.Dillmann,R.Bertholon,J.Raman Spectrosc.35,739(2004)
[21]D.Neff,P.Dillmann,L.Bellot-Gurlet,G.Beranger,Corros.Sci.47,515(2005)
[22]N.R.Smart,A.P.Rance,L.O.Werme,J.Nucl.Mater.379,97(2008)
[23]A.Honda,T.Teshima,A.Tsurudome,H.Ishikawa,Y.Yusa,N.Sasaki,Mater.Res.Soc.Symp.Proc.212,287(1991)
[24]T.Y.Yang,W.Wen,G.Z.Yin,X.L.Li,M.Gao,Y.L.Gu,L.Li,Y.Liu,H.Lin,X.M.Zhang,B.Zhao,T.K.Liu,Y.G.Yang,Z.Li,X.T.Zhou,X.Y.Gao,Nucl.Sci.Technol.26,1(2015)
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[26]C.Lai,X.M.Li,L.K.Zou,Q.Chen,B.Xie,Y.L.Li,X.L.Li,Z.Tao,Corros.Sci.85,471(2014)
[27]C.Lai,Z.Xiang,Corros.Sci.99,178(2015)
[28]F.King,Overview of a Carbon Steel Container Corrosion Model for a Deep Geological Repository in Sedimentary Rock,TR 2007-01(Integrity Corrosion Consulting Limited,New Brunswick,2007),p.8
[29]C.S.Liu,J.Q.Wang,Z.M.Zhang,E.H.Han,Corros.Eng.Sci.Technol.52,136(2017)
[30]S.Y.Wang,H.L.Ming,J.Ding,Z.M.Zhang,J.Q.Wang,E.H.Han,A.Atrens,Corros.Sci.102,469(2016)
[31]X.Cao,C.C.Xu,Acta Metall.Sin.(Engl.Lett.)19,34(2006)
[32]S.Hastuty,A.Nishikata,T.Tsuru,Corros.Sci.52,2035(2010)
[33]K.Ogura,T.Ohama,Corrosion 37,569(1981)
[34]S.T.Wang,S.W.Yang,K.W.Gao,X.L.He,Acta Metall.Sin.(Engl.Lett.)21,425(2008)
[35]I.Barin,Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances,3rd edn.(Verlagsgesellschaft mbH,Weinheim,1995),pp.1-25
[36]I.Barin,O.Knacke,O.Kubaschewski,Thermochemical Properties of Inorganic Substances(Springer,Berlin,1977),p.11
[37]H.E.Townsend,Corros.Sci.10,343(1970)
[38]X.Liu,X.Wu,E.H.Han,Corros.Sci.53,3337(2011)
[39]E.L.Shock,D.C.Sassani,M.Willis,D.A.Sverjensky,Geochim.Cosmochim.Acta 61,907(1997)
[40]V.Ashworth,P.J.Boden,Corros.Sci.10,709(1970)
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