榆神府矿区含水层富水特征及保水采煤途径
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摘要
榆神府矿区地处毛乌素沙漠与黄土高原的接壤地带,生态环境脆弱,水资源匮乏,区内各主要含水层分布与富水性不均,含水层富水性及矿井涌水对煤矿生产影响差异较大,因此矿井水资源的综合利用与含水层的有效保护对煤矿生产与地区生态建设意义重大。通过分析萨拉乌苏组、烧变岩、风化基岩层等各主要含水层的形成、分布及富水特征,结合矿井首采煤层上覆基岩厚度与矿井目前涌水量情况,将区内生产矿井及待规划区域从"水资源保护与矿井水利用"角度划分为水量贫乏型、水量较丰富型、水量丰富型及地表水体型4种类型,并根据不同类型的分布特征进行了分区。在此基础上,针对不同的水资源保护与矿井水利用类型,分别提出了采空区存储净化、工业利用、农业灌溉、湿地建设和人工湖泊等具体的水资源保护与矿井水利用途径和措施。讨论了"保水采煤"的科学内涵,认为"保水采煤"的基本措施应当包括保护浅部主要含水层和矿井水资源利用两部分,即将"保水"与"用水"相结合,拓展了"保水采煤"的科学含义;建议在矿井规划时,应综合考虑开采损害影响与环境自身修复能力,在满足能源开采经济利益的同时,保证生态环境不发生质的破坏;提出了利用经济效益"反哺"当地生态和"绿色经济"建设的一点猜想,为矿区未来的规划建设提供了一定的参考意义。
Yushenfu coal field is located in the Maowusu Desert and the Loess Plateau convergence zone in China,where ecological environment is fragile and ecological water resources are scarce.The heterogeneous distribution of main aquifers and mine water inflow influence the safe production of coal mines.Thus,the protection and uti-lization of water resources are of significance to coal mine production and ecological construction.After analyzing the distribution and water abundance of the main aquifers,such as Salawusu Formation,burnt rock and weathering bedrock,combining the thickness of overlying bedrock and water inflow on field,the operating coal mines and unplanned areas could be divided into four types which are the areas of water scarcity,water richness,water abundance and surface water source.The study area has been divided into sub-regions according to the classification and their distribution.Based on the classification,the concrete measures for water preservation and mine water utilization have been proposed such as storage and purification in goaf area,industrial utilization,agricultural irrigation,wetlands construction and artificial lakes.In the paper,the scientific content of water-preserved mining has been extended and interpreted as that both preserving shallow main aquifers and effectively utilizing coal mine water resource should be taken simultaneously.It proposes that mining damage and ecological self-repair should be considered before coal mine construction.It also proposes that the idea of using economic benefits to repay the local ecosystem and green economy which provides certain references for mining area planning and construction.
Yushenfu coal field is located in the Maowusu Desert and the Loess Plateau convergence zone in China,where ecological environment is fragile and ecological water resources are scarce.The heterogeneous distribution of main aquifers and mine water inflow influence the safe production of coal mines.Thus,the protection and uti-lization of water resources are of significance to coal mine production and ecological construction.After analyzing the distribution and water abundance of the main aquifers,such as Salawusu Formation,burnt rock and weathering bedrock,combining the thickness of overlying bedrock and water inflow on field,the operating coal mines and unplanned areas could be divided into four types which are the areas of water scarcity,water richness,water abundance and surface water source.The study area has been divided into sub-regions according to the classification and their distribution.Based on the classification,the concrete measures for water preservation and mine water utilization have been proposed such as storage and purification in goaf area,industrial utilization,agricultural irrigation,wetlands construction and artificial lakes.In the paper,the scientific content of water-preserved mining has been extended and interpreted as that both preserving shallow main aquifers and effectively utilizing coal mine water resource should be taken simultaneously.It proposes that mining damage and ecological self-repair should be considered before coal mine construction.It also proposes that the idea of using economic benefits to repay the local ecosystem and green economy which provides certain references for mining area planning and construction.
引文
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[7]马雄德,范立民,张晓团,等.榆神府矿区水体湿地演化驱动力分析[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(5):1126-1133.MA Xiongde,FAN Limin,ZHANG Xiaotuan,et al.Driving force analysis for water and wetlands evolution at Yushenfu mining area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(5):1126-1133.
[8]李文平,段中会,华解明,等.陕北榆神府矿区地质环境现状及采煤效应影响预测[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(3):324-333.LI Wenping,DUAN Zhonghui,HUA Jieming,et al.Evaluation of present geological environment and prediction of its variation caused by mining in Yushenfu mine area of North Shaanxi[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(3):324-333.
[9]叶贵钧,张莱,李文平,等.陕北榆神府矿区煤炭资源开发主要水工环问题及防治对策[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(4):446-455.YE Guijun,ZHANG Lai,LI Wenping,et al.The main hydro-engineer-ing-environmental-geological problems arose from the exploitation of coal resources in Yushenfu mine area of northern Shaanxi and their prevention measures[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(4):446-455.
[10]王双明,黄庆享,范立民,等.生态脆弱矿区含(隔)水层特征及保水开采分区研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(1):7-14.WANG Shuangming,HUANG Qingxiang,FAN Limin,et al.Study on overburden aquclude and water protection mining regionazation in the ecological fragile mining area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(1):7-14.
[11]刘建功,赵利涛.基于充填采煤的保水开采理论与实践应用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1545-1551.LIU Jiangong,ZHAO Litao.Theory of water protection and practice application in mining based on the backfilling mining technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1545-1551.
[12]马立强,张东升,王烁康,等.“采充并行”式保水采煤方法[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):62-69.MA Liqiang,ZHANG Dongsheng,WANG Shuokang,et al.Waterpreserved mining with the method named“backfilling while mining”[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):62-69.
[13]武强.我国矿井水防控与资源化利用的研究进展、问题和展望[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(5):795-805.WU Qiang.Progress,problems and prospects of prevention and control technology of mine water and reutilization in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(5):795-805.
[14]白海波,缪协兴.水资源保护性采煤的研究进展与面临的问题[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(3):253-262.BAI Haibo,MIAO Xiexing.Research progress and major problems of water preserved coal mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(3):253-262.
[15]范立民,马雄德,冀瑞君.西部生态脆弱矿区保水采煤研究与实践进展[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1711-1717.FAN Limin,MA Xiongde,JI Ruijun.Progress in engineering practice of water-preserved coal mining in western eco-environment frangible area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1711-1717.
[16]袁宝印.萨拉乌苏组的沉积环境及地层划分问题[J].地质科学,1978(3):320-334.YUAN Baoyin.Sedimentary environment and stratigraphic subdivision of osso-gol formation[J].Geological Science,1978(3):320-334.
[17]侯恩科,童仁剑,冯洁,等.烧变岩富水特征与采动水量损失预计[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):175-182.HOU Enke,TONG Renjian,FENG Jie,et al.Water enrichment characteristics of burnt rock and prediction on water loss caused by coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):175-182.
[18]侯恩科,陈培亨.神府煤田煤层自燃研究[J].西安矿业学院学报,1993,13(2):137-142.HOU Enke,CHEN Peiheng.Study on spontaneous combustion of coal seams in Shenfu coal field[J].Journal of Xi’an Mining Institute,1993,13(2):137-142.
[19]侯恩科,童仁剑,王苏健,等.陕北侏罗纪煤田风化基岩富水性Fisher模型预测方法[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(9):2312-2318.HOU Enke,TONG Renjian,WANG Sujian,et al.Prediction method for the water enrichment of weathered bedrock based on Fisher model in Northern Shaanxi Jurassic coalfield[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(9):2312-2318.
[20]范立民,张晓团,向茂西,等.浅埋煤层高强度开采区地裂缝发育特征-以陕西榆神府矿区为例[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1442-1447.FAN Limin,ZHANG Xiaotuan,XIANG Maoxi,et al.Characteristics of ground fissure development in high intensity mining area of shallow seam in Yushenfu coal field[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1442-1447.
[21]范立民.保水采煤的科学内涵[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):27-35.FAN Limin.Scientific connotation of water-preserved mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):27-35.
[22]FAN Limin,MA Xiongde.A review on investigation of water-preserved coal mining in western China[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2018,5(4):411-416.
[2]范立民.论保水采煤问题[J].煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(5):50-53.FAN Limin.Discussing on coal mining under water containing condition[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2005,33(5):50-53.
[3]钱鸣高,许家林,缪协兴.煤矿绿色开采技术[J].中国矿业大学学报,2003,32(4):343-348.QIAN Minggao,XU Jialin,MIAO Xiexing.Green technique in coal mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2003,32(4):343-348.
[4]钱鸣高.煤炭的科学开采[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(4):529-534.QIAN Minggao.On sustainable coal mining in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(4):529-534.
[5]缪协兴,钱鸣高.中国煤炭绿色开采研究现状与展望[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(1):1-14.MIAO Xiexing,QIAN Minggao.Research on green mining of coal resources in China:Current status and future prospects[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(1):1-14.
[6]孙亚军,张梦飞,高尚,等.典型高强度开采矿区保水采煤关键技术与实践[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):56-65.SUN Yajun,ZHANG Mengfei,GAO Shang,et al.Water-preserved mining technology and practice in typical high intensity mining area of China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):56-65.
[7]马雄德,范立民,张晓团,等.榆神府矿区水体湿地演化驱动力分析[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(5):1126-1133.MA Xiongde,FAN Limin,ZHANG Xiaotuan,et al.Driving force analysis for water and wetlands evolution at Yushenfu mining area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(5):1126-1133.
[8]李文平,段中会,华解明,等.陕北榆神府矿区地质环境现状及采煤效应影响预测[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(3):324-333.LI Wenping,DUAN Zhonghui,HUA Jieming,et al.Evaluation of present geological environment and prediction of its variation caused by mining in Yushenfu mine area of North Shaanxi[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(3):324-333.
[9]叶贵钧,张莱,李文平,等.陕北榆神府矿区煤炭资源开发主要水工环问题及防治对策[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(4):446-455.YE Guijun,ZHANG Lai,LI Wenping,et al.The main hydro-engineer-ing-environmental-geological problems arose from the exploitation of coal resources in Yushenfu mine area of northern Shaanxi and their prevention measures[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(4):446-455.
[10]王双明,黄庆享,范立民,等.生态脆弱矿区含(隔)水层特征及保水开采分区研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(1):7-14.WANG Shuangming,HUANG Qingxiang,FAN Limin,et al.Study on overburden aquclude and water protection mining regionazation in the ecological fragile mining area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(1):7-14.
[11]刘建功,赵利涛.基于充填采煤的保水开采理论与实践应用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1545-1551.LIU Jiangong,ZHAO Litao.Theory of water protection and practice application in mining based on the backfilling mining technology[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1545-1551.
[12]马立强,张东升,王烁康,等.“采充并行”式保水采煤方法[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):62-69.MA Liqiang,ZHANG Dongsheng,WANG Shuokang,et al.Waterpreserved mining with the method named“backfilling while mining”[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):62-69.
[13]武强.我国矿井水防控与资源化利用的研究进展、问题和展望[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(5):795-805.WU Qiang.Progress,problems and prospects of prevention and control technology of mine water and reutilization in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(5):795-805.
[14]白海波,缪协兴.水资源保护性采煤的研究进展与面临的问题[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(3):253-262.BAI Haibo,MIAO Xiexing.Research progress and major problems of water preserved coal mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(3):253-262.
[15]范立民,马雄德,冀瑞君.西部生态脆弱矿区保水采煤研究与实践进展[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1711-1717.FAN Limin,MA Xiongde,JI Ruijun.Progress in engineering practice of water-preserved coal mining in western eco-environment frangible area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1711-1717.
[16]袁宝印.萨拉乌苏组的沉积环境及地层划分问题[J].地质科学,1978(3):320-334.YUAN Baoyin.Sedimentary environment and stratigraphic subdivision of osso-gol formation[J].Geological Science,1978(3):320-334.
[17]侯恩科,童仁剑,冯洁,等.烧变岩富水特征与采动水量损失预计[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):175-182.HOU Enke,TONG Renjian,FENG Jie,et al.Water enrichment characteristics of burnt rock and prediction on water loss caused by coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):175-182.
[18]侯恩科,陈培亨.神府煤田煤层自燃研究[J].西安矿业学院学报,1993,13(2):137-142.HOU Enke,CHEN Peiheng.Study on spontaneous combustion of coal seams in Shenfu coal field[J].Journal of Xi’an Mining Institute,1993,13(2):137-142.
[19]侯恩科,童仁剑,王苏健,等.陕北侏罗纪煤田风化基岩富水性Fisher模型预测方法[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(9):2312-2318.HOU Enke,TONG Renjian,WANG Sujian,et al.Prediction method for the water enrichment of weathered bedrock based on Fisher model in Northern Shaanxi Jurassic coalfield[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(9):2312-2318.
[20]范立民,张晓团,向茂西,等.浅埋煤层高强度开采区地裂缝发育特征-以陕西榆神府矿区为例[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(6):1442-1447.FAN Limin,ZHANG Xiaotuan,XIANG Maoxi,et al.Characteristics of ground fissure development in high intensity mining area of shallow seam in Yushenfu coal field[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(6):1442-1447.
[21]范立民.保水采煤的科学内涵[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):27-35.FAN Limin.Scientific connotation of water-preserved mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):27-35.
[22]FAN Limin,MA Xiongde.A review on investigation of water-preserved coal mining in western China[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2018,5(4):411-416.
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