半固态A356-Nd合金中Nd_XAl_Y化合物对凝固组织细化的影响
|
摘要
研究了Nd对半固态A356铝合金凝固组织细化的影响。在铝熔体中随着Nd添加量由0.1%～0.8%变化,会先后生成NdAl_2、NdAl_3、Nd_3Al_(11)、NdAl四种稀土铝化物,并且按照(块状-小豆状)-(颗粒状-短棒状)-(针状-条状)-(板状)进行形貌演变。通过不同维度的错配度计算,在形核基底(Nd_XAl_Y)与初生相的不同匹配关系里,Nd_XAl_Y按照NdAl_2(半共格)-NdAl_3(11.53%)-Nd_3Al_(11)(6.13%),依次呈现出有效形核-中等有效形核-(接近)最有效形核的特质,因此NdAl_2、NdAl_3、Nd_3Al_(11)均可以作为有效形核质点,而NdAl与铝基体严重分离,不宜作为有效形核质点。借助OM、SEM、EDS、XRD,分析出不同的Nd添加量对初生相的细化侧重点不同,结合对应生成Nd_XAl_Y的物化特性、形貌演变过程及有效性高低,阐明了在0.3%Nd和0.6%Nd添加量时,对应拟合曲线获得最值的原因,并优选出0.6%Nd时生成的共晶产物Nd_3Al_(11)是初生相最有效的异质形核基底。实验表明,在A356铝合金中添加0.6%Nd,并在650℃浇注625℃保温1 min后水淬,对应晶粒平均等积圆直径为79.828μm,形状因子为0.605,有效初生相个数为86,获得的初生相细化效果最好。
The effect of Nd on the solidification microstructure refinement of A356 alloy was studied. In aluminum melt, with the change of Nd content from 0.1%～0.8%, four kinds of rare earth aluminide, NdAl_2, NdAl_3, Nd_3Al_(11) and NdAl, would be generated successively, and the morphology would evolve according to(block-small bean)-(particle-short rod)-(needle-strip)-(plate). By calculating the mismatch degree of different dimensions between nucleation base(Nd_XAl_Y) and primary phase, Nd_XAl_Y, in accordance with NdAl_2(semi-coherent)-NdAl_3(11.53%)-Nd_3Al_(11)(6.13%), presented the characteristics of the effective nucleation-medium effective nucleation-(near) the most effective nucleation. Therefore, NdAl_2, NdAl_3 and Nd_3Al_(11) could all be used as effective nucleation particles. However, NdAl was severely decoupled from the aluminum matrix and should not be used as an effective nucleation particle. With the help of OM, SEM, EDS and XRD, the emphasis of different Nd additions on the refinement of the primary phase was analyzed. Combining with the physical and chemical properties, the evolution process and the effectiveness of the corresponding Nd_XAl_Y, the extreme value reason for the corresponding fitting curve of 0.3%Nd and 0.6%Nd was illuminated, and the eutectic product Nd_3Al_(11) produced by 0.6%Nd was the most effective heterogeneous nucleation substrate of the primary phase. Experiments show that the addition of 0.6% Nd in A356 alloy, pouring in 650 ℃ and isothermal holding for 1 min, after 625 ℃ water quenching mold release, the corresponding average grain equal-area circle diameter is 79.828 μm, the shape factor is 0.605, the number of effective primary phase is 86, and the best refinement effect of the primary phase is obtained.
The effect of Nd on the solidification microstructure refinement of A356 alloy was studied. In aluminum melt, with the change of Nd content from 0.1%～0.8%, four kinds of rare earth aluminide, NdAl_2, NdAl_3, Nd_3Al_(11) and NdAl, would be generated successively, and the morphology would evolve according to(block-small bean)-(particle-short rod)-(needle-strip)-(plate). By calculating the mismatch degree of different dimensions between nucleation base(Nd_XAl_Y) and primary phase, Nd_XAl_Y, in accordance with NdAl_2(semi-coherent)-NdAl_3(11.53%)-Nd_3Al_(11)(6.13%), presented the characteristics of the effective nucleation-medium effective nucleation-(near) the most effective nucleation. Therefore, NdAl_2, NdAl_3 and Nd_3Al_(11) could all be used as effective nucleation particles. However, NdAl was severely decoupled from the aluminum matrix and should not be used as an effective nucleation particle. With the help of OM, SEM, EDS and XRD, the emphasis of different Nd additions on the refinement of the primary phase was analyzed. Combining with the physical and chemical properties, the evolution process and the effectiveness of the corresponding Nd_XAl_Y, the extreme value reason for the corresponding fitting curve of 0.3%Nd and 0.6%Nd was illuminated, and the eutectic product Nd_3Al_(11) produced by 0.6%Nd was the most effective heterogeneous nucleation substrate of the primary phase. Experiments show that the addition of 0.6% Nd in A356 alloy, pouring in 650 ℃ and isothermal holding for 1 min, after 625 ℃ water quenching mold release, the corresponding average grain equal-area circle diameter is 79.828 μm, the shape factor is 0.605, the number of effective primary phase is 86, and the best refinement effect of the primary phase is obtained.
引文
[1] Król M, Staszuk M, Mikuszewski T, Kuc D. Refinement effect of RE in light weight Mg-Li-Al alloys [J]. Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry,2018,134(1):333-341.
[2] 吴俊子,胡文鑫,贾锦玉,姜佳鑫,马少博,王小青,高斯娥. 铈对 5005 铝合金组织和性能的影响[J].稀土,2017,38(4): 81-87.Wu J Z, Hu W X, Jia J Y, Jiang J X, Ma S B, Wang X Q, Gao S E. Effect of cerium on microstructure and properties of 5005 aluminum alloy [J]. Chinese Rare Earths,2017,38(4): 81-87.
[3] 黄正华,刘汪涵博,戚文军,徐静.Sm 对 AZ91D 合金显微组织与力学性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报, 2015, 25(10): 2649-2655.Huang Z H,Liu W H B,Qi W J,Xu J. Effects of Sm on microstructure and mechanical property of AZ91D alloy[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2015, 25(10): 2649-2655.
[4] Rzychoń T, Kie?bus A, Lityńska-Dobrzyńska L. Microstructure, microstructural stability and mechanical properties of sand-cast Mg-4Al-4RE alloy [J]. Materials Characterization, 2013, 83 (3):21-34.
[5] Li Y M, Peng X D, Hu F P, Wei G B, Xie W D, Liu J W, Yang Y, Li M L, Wang X M. Effect of mischmetal on microstructure and mechanical properties of superlight Mg-Li alloys[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2017, 46(7): 1775-1781.
[6] Hu G S, Zhang D F, Dong Y F, Chen X, Jiang L Y, Pan F S. Microstructures and mechanical properties of as-extruded and heat treated Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn-1.5Nd alloy[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2015, 25: 1439-1445.
[7] 钟鼓,吴志斌,吴树森,长海博文.稀土对 Al-20Si-2Cu-1Ni 铝合金组织和性能的影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2016, 45(11): 3004-3009. Zhong G, Wu Z B, Wu S S, Chang H B W. Effects of RE on microstructures and properties of Al-20Si-2Cu-1Ni aluminum alloy[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2016, 45(11): 3004-3009.
[8] 李萍,李琦,王莹.Y和Sm对镁合金 AZ81组织和力学性能的影响[J].稀土,2017,38(1): 143-147.Li P, Li Q, Wang Y. Effect of Y and Sm on microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy AZ81[J]. Chinese Rare Earths, 2017,38(1): 143-147.
[9] 李全安,陈晓亚,刘文健,陈志.复合添加 Sm 与 Nd 对 AZ81镁合金组织和性能的影响[J].稀土,2015,36(2): 36-41.Li Q A, Chen X Y, Liu W J, Chen Z. Effects of Sm and Nd on microstructure and properties of AZ81 magnesium alloy[J]. Chinese Rare Earths, 2015,36(2): 36-41.
[10] Hu Z, Hua Q, Yan H, Jie X P, Rao Y S. Effect of trace Sm addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ61 magnesium alloys[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2016, 45(9): 2275-2281.
[11] 曹祖军,孔纲,车淳山. 稀土Nd对Zn-5%Al合金显微组织和耐蚀性的影响[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2017, 27(1): 24-31.Cao Z J, Kong G, Che C S. Effect of Nd addition on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Zn-5%Al alloy [J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2017, 27(1): 24-31.
[12] Hu Z, Ruan X M, Yan H. Effects of neodymium addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of near-eutectic Al-12Si alloys [J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2015, 25(12): 3877-3885.
[13] Dong T S, Zheng X D, Wang T, Liu J H, Li G L. Effect of Nd content on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-12Li-3Al alloy [J]. China Foundry, 2017, 14(4): 279-285.
[14] Gao M C, ünlü N, Shiflet G J, Mihalkovic M, Widom M. Reassessment of Al-Ce and Al-Nd binary systems supported by critical experiments and first-principles energy calculations [J]. Metallurgical & Materials Transactions A, 2005, 36(12): 3269-3279.
[15] 文强,坚增运,朱满,常芳娥,党博. RE对过共晶Al-80%Si的合金凝固特性的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2014, 50(5): 610-618.Wen Q, Jian Z Y, Zhu M, Chang F E, Dang B. Effects of RE on the solidification characteristics of Al-80%Si alloy[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2014, 50(5): 610-618.
[16] 张靖,冯义成,王琴,姜文勇,王丽萍.Ca 和 Nd 复合合金化 Mg-6Al 合金显微组织和力学性能的研究[J].稀土,2016,37(4): 86-90.Zhang J, Feng Y C, Wang Q, Jiang W Y, Wang L P. Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Al alloyed by Ca and Nd [J]. Chinese Rare Earths, 2016,37(4): 86-90.
[17] Gao B, Jiang F, Hao Y, Tu G F, Chen L, Shi W X. Effect of Nd on structure and properties of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys [J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2012, 476-478: 105-108.
[18] 刘楚明. 铝合金相图集[M]. 长沙: 中南大学出版社, 2014.54-55.Liu C M. Aluminum Alloy Photo Album [M]. Changsha: Central South University Press, 2014.54-55.
[19] 刘政,谌庆春,郭颂,刘骏义,胡钱钱. A356-RE合金中稀土铝化物/初生α相界面二维错配度的计算及验证[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2015, 44(4): 859-865.Liu Z, Chen Q C, Guo S, Liu J Y, Hu Q Q. Calculation of planar disregistries between compounds of rare earth-Al and primary α phase in A356-RE alloy and its verification [J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2015, 44(4): 859-865.
[20] 吴玉锋,杜文博,左铁镛. Mg-6Al-xNd(x=2,4)合金的组织结构与凝固行为[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2011, 37(4): 559-564.Wu Y F, Du W B, Zuo T Y. Microstructure and solidification behavior of Mg-6Al-xNd(x=2,4) alloys[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2011, 37(4): 559-564.
[21] Bramfitt B L. The effect of carbide and nitride additions on the heterogeneous nucleation behavior of liquid iron [J]. Metallurgical Transactions,1970, 1(7): 1987-1995.
[22] 石德珂,沈莲. 材料科学基础[M]. 西安: 西安交通大学出版社, 1995.51-52.Shi D K, Shen L. Fundamentals of Material Science [M].Xi’an: Xi’an Jiao Tong University Press, 1995.51-52.
[23] Jiang N, Chen L, Meng L G, Fang C F, Hao H, Zhang X G. Effect of neodymium, gadolinium addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ80 magnesium alloy[J]. Journal of Rare Earths, 2016, 34(6): 632-637.
[24] Cao Z J, Kong G, Che C S, Wang Y Q, Peng H T. Experimental investigation of eutectic point in Al-rich Al-La, Al-Ce, Al-Pr and Al-Nd systems[J]. Journal of Rare Earths, 2017, 35 (10): 1022-1028.
[2] 吴俊子,胡文鑫,贾锦玉,姜佳鑫,马少博,王小青,高斯娥. 铈对 5005 铝合金组织和性能的影响[J].稀土,2017,38(4): 81-87.Wu J Z, Hu W X, Jia J Y, Jiang J X, Ma S B, Wang X Q, Gao S E. Effect of cerium on microstructure and properties of 5005 aluminum alloy [J]. Chinese Rare Earths,2017,38(4): 81-87.
[3] 黄正华,刘汪涵博,戚文军,徐静.Sm 对 AZ91D 合金显微组织与力学性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报, 2015, 25(10): 2649-2655.Huang Z H,Liu W H B,Qi W J,Xu J. Effects of Sm on microstructure and mechanical property of AZ91D alloy[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2015, 25(10): 2649-2655.
[4] Rzychoń T, Kie?bus A, Lityńska-Dobrzyńska L. Microstructure, microstructural stability and mechanical properties of sand-cast Mg-4Al-4RE alloy [J]. Materials Characterization, 2013, 83 (3):21-34.
[5] Li Y M, Peng X D, Hu F P, Wei G B, Xie W D, Liu J W, Yang Y, Li M L, Wang X M. Effect of mischmetal on microstructure and mechanical properties of superlight Mg-Li alloys[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2017, 46(7): 1775-1781.
[6] Hu G S, Zhang D F, Dong Y F, Chen X, Jiang L Y, Pan F S. Microstructures and mechanical properties of as-extruded and heat treated Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn-1.5Nd alloy[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2015, 25: 1439-1445.
[7] 钟鼓,吴志斌,吴树森,长海博文.稀土对 Al-20Si-2Cu-1Ni 铝合金组织和性能的影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2016, 45(11): 3004-3009. Zhong G, Wu Z B, Wu S S, Chang H B W. Effects of RE on microstructures and properties of Al-20Si-2Cu-1Ni aluminum alloy[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2016, 45(11): 3004-3009.
[8] 李萍,李琦,王莹.Y和Sm对镁合金 AZ81组织和力学性能的影响[J].稀土,2017,38(1): 143-147.Li P, Li Q, Wang Y. Effect of Y and Sm on microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy AZ81[J]. Chinese Rare Earths, 2017,38(1): 143-147.
[9] 李全安,陈晓亚,刘文健,陈志.复合添加 Sm 与 Nd 对 AZ81镁合金组织和性能的影响[J].稀土,2015,36(2): 36-41.Li Q A, Chen X Y, Liu W J, Chen Z. Effects of Sm and Nd on microstructure and properties of AZ81 magnesium alloy[J]. Chinese Rare Earths, 2015,36(2): 36-41.
[10] Hu Z, Hua Q, Yan H, Jie X P, Rao Y S. Effect of trace Sm addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ61 magnesium alloys[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2016, 45(9): 2275-2281.
[11] 曹祖军,孔纲,车淳山. 稀土Nd对Zn-5%Al合金显微组织和耐蚀性的影响[J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2017, 27(1): 24-31.Cao Z J, Kong G, Che C S. Effect of Nd addition on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Zn-5%Al alloy [J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2017, 27(1): 24-31.
[12] Hu Z, Ruan X M, Yan H. Effects of neodymium addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of near-eutectic Al-12Si alloys [J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2015, 25(12): 3877-3885.
[13] Dong T S, Zheng X D, Wang T, Liu J H, Li G L. Effect of Nd content on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-12Li-3Al alloy [J]. China Foundry, 2017, 14(4): 279-285.
[14] Gao M C, ünlü N, Shiflet G J, Mihalkovic M, Widom M. Reassessment of Al-Ce and Al-Nd binary systems supported by critical experiments and first-principles energy calculations [J]. Metallurgical & Materials Transactions A, 2005, 36(12): 3269-3279.
[15] 文强,坚增运,朱满,常芳娥,党博. RE对过共晶Al-80%Si的合金凝固特性的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2014, 50(5): 610-618.Wen Q, Jian Z Y, Zhu M, Chang F E, Dang B. Effects of RE on the solidification characteristics of Al-80%Si alloy[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2014, 50(5): 610-618.
[16] 张靖,冯义成,王琴,姜文勇,王丽萍.Ca 和 Nd 复合合金化 Mg-6Al 合金显微组织和力学性能的研究[J].稀土,2016,37(4): 86-90.Zhang J, Feng Y C, Wang Q, Jiang W Y, Wang L P. Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Al alloyed by Ca and Nd [J]. Chinese Rare Earths, 2016,37(4): 86-90.
[17] Gao B, Jiang F, Hao Y, Tu G F, Chen L, Shi W X. Effect of Nd on structure and properties of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys [J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2012, 476-478: 105-108.
[18] 刘楚明. 铝合金相图集[M]. 长沙: 中南大学出版社, 2014.54-55.Liu C M. Aluminum Alloy Photo Album [M]. Changsha: Central South University Press, 2014.54-55.
[19] 刘政,谌庆春,郭颂,刘骏义,胡钱钱. A356-RE合金中稀土铝化物/初生α相界面二维错配度的计算及验证[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2015, 44(4): 859-865.Liu Z, Chen Q C, Guo S, Liu J Y, Hu Q Q. Calculation of planar disregistries between compounds of rare earth-Al and primary α phase in A356-RE alloy and its verification [J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2015, 44(4): 859-865.
[20] 吴玉锋,杜文博,左铁镛. Mg-6Al-xNd(x=2,4)合金的组织结构与凝固行为[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2011, 37(4): 559-564.Wu Y F, Du W B, Zuo T Y. Microstructure and solidification behavior of Mg-6Al-xNd(x=2,4) alloys[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2011, 37(4): 559-564.
[21] Bramfitt B L. The effect of carbide and nitride additions on the heterogeneous nucleation behavior of liquid iron [J]. Metallurgical Transactions,1970, 1(7): 1987-1995.
[22] 石德珂,沈莲. 材料科学基础[M]. 西安: 西安交通大学出版社, 1995.51-52.Shi D K, Shen L. Fundamentals of Material Science [M].Xi’an: Xi’an Jiao Tong University Press, 1995.51-52.
[23] Jiang N, Chen L, Meng L G, Fang C F, Hao H, Zhang X G. Effect of neodymium, gadolinium addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ80 magnesium alloy[J]. Journal of Rare Earths, 2016, 34(6): 632-637.
[24] Cao Z J, Kong G, Che C S, Wang Y Q, Peng H T. Experimental investigation of eutectic point in Al-rich Al-La, Al-Ce, Al-Pr and Al-Nd systems[J]. Journal of Rare Earths, 2017, 35 (10): 1022-1028.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |