高熔点合金半固态加工技术研究进展
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摘要
半固态加工是一种综合传统铸造工艺和锻压工艺优点的近净成形技术,能有效地实现成形件控形与控性的统一。并且这种加工工艺能够实现短流程、低能耗和环保的要求,因此半固态加工工艺得到了迅速发展,在工业生产中实现了广泛的应用。近些年来,半固态加工技术在轻合金领域展开了大量的研究且成功应用于生产领域。高熔点合金由于其固液相温度较高,在进行半固态加工时仍然存在一些技术难点,因此高熔点合金的半固态加工研究相对较少。文章从高熔点合金半固态坯料(浆料)的制备,半固态成形工艺的研究和半固态成形模具的研究3个方面介绍了国内外高熔点合金半固态加工技术的研究进展。
Semi-solid processing is a near net forming technology that combines the advantages of traditional casting process and forging process,and it can effectively realize the unity of shape and performance of forming parts. In addition,semi-solid processing can meet the requirements of short process,low energy consumption and environmental protection,so it has been rapidly developed and widely used in industrial production. In recent years,semi-solid processing technology has been investigated in the field of light alloys and has been successfully applied to production. Due to the high solidus temperature and liquidus temperature of high-melting alloys,there are still some technical difficulties in semi-solid processing,so the research on semi-solid processing of high-melting alloys is relatively few. The research status of semi-solid processing technology for high-melting alloys at home and abroad was introduced from three aspects: the preparation of semi-solid billet( slurry),the research of semi-solid forming technology and the research of semi-solid forming die.
Semi-solid processing is a near net forming technology that combines the advantages of traditional casting process and forging process,and it can effectively realize the unity of shape and performance of forming parts. In addition,semi-solid processing can meet the requirements of short process,low energy consumption and environmental protection,so it has been rapidly developed and widely used in industrial production. In recent years,semi-solid processing technology has been investigated in the field of light alloys and has been successfully applied to production. Due to the high solidus temperature and liquidus temperature of high-melting alloys,there are still some technical difficulties in semi-solid processing,so the research on semi-solid processing of high-melting alloys is relatively few. The research status of semi-solid processing technology for high-melting alloys at home and abroad was introduced from three aspects: the preparation of semi-solid billet( slurry),the research of semi-solid forming technology and the research of semi-solid forming die.
引文
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[28] MENG Y,SUGIYAMA S,YANAGIMOTO J. Microstructural evolution during RAP process and deformation behavior of semi-solid SKD61 tool steel[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2012,212(8):1731-1741.
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[32]安蓓,李亚敏,郝远,等.半固态等温热处理对K4169合金组织和性能的影响[J].新技术新工艺,2009,(2):111-114.AN Bei,LI Yamin,HAO Yuan,et al. Effects of isothermal heattreatment on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of K4169 super-alloy in semi-solid state[J]. New Technology New Process,2009,(2):111-114.
[33] JIANG J F,XIAO G F,WANG Y,et al. Microstructure evolution of wrought nickel based superalloy GH4037 in the semi-solid state[J]. Materials Characterization,2018,141:229-237.
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[35]毛卫民,赵爱民,云东,等. 1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢半固态浆料的制备和轧制[J].金属学报,2003,39(10):65-69.MAO Weimin,ZHAO Aimin,YUN Dong,et al. Semi-solid slurry preparation and rolling of 1Cr18Ni9Ti strainless steel[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2003,39(10):65-69.
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[40] BIROL Y. Thermal fatigue testing of inconel 617 and Stellite 6 alloys as potential tooling materials for thixoforming of steels[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2010,527(7):1938-1945.
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[2]张早明,弭光宝,薛克敏.半固态坯料制备工艺的研究进展[J].铸造,2006,55(7):673-677.ZHANG Zaoming,MI Guangbao,XUE Kemin. The research development of semi-solid blank production[J]. Foundry,2006,55(7):673-677.
[3]赖国胜,钱娜,刘艳华.半固态流变挤压铸造研究现状[J].热加工工艺,2011,40(5):68-69.LAI Guosheng,QIAN Na,LIU Yanhua. Study status of semi-solid squeeze casting[J]. Hot Working Technology,2011,40(5):68-69.
[4]李元东,刘兴海,张心龙,等.变形铝合金半固态近净成形研究进展[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2014,34(5):471-479.LI Yuandong,LIU Xinghai,ZHANG Xinlong,et al. An review of semi-solid near-net forming in wrought aluminum alloy[J]. Special-cast and Non-ferrous Alloys,2014,34(5):471-479.
[5]陈刚,郑顺奇,王岩,等.镁合金半固态浆料制备与成形技术研究进展[J].兵器材料科学与工程,2018,41(3):116-120.CHEN Gang,ZHENG Shunqi,WANG Yan,et al. Research status of preparation and forming technology of semi-solid Mg alloy slurry[J]. Ordnance Material Science and Engineering,2018,41(3):116-120.
[6]李明茂,杨斌,王智祥.金属半固态加工技术[J].轻金属,2004,34(11):43-46.LI Mingmao, YANG Bin, WANG Zhixiang. Semi-solid metal process[J]. Light Metals,2004,34(11):43-46.
[7] WANG K K,PENG H,WANG N,et al. Method and apparatus for injection molding of semi-solid metals:US patent,5501266[P]. 1996.
[8]张景新,张奎,刘国钧,等.电磁搅拌制备半固态材料非枝晶组织的形成机制[J].中国有色金属学报,2000,10(4):511-515.ZHANG Jingxin,ZHANG Kui,LIU Guojun,et al. Formation mechanism of non-dendritic structure in semi-solid metals produced by ES process[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2000,10(4):511-515.
[9] SAHA D,APELIAN D,MUSSER M A,et al. Semi-solid metal casting process of hypoeutectic aluminum alloys:US Patent,6880613B2[P]. 2005.
[10]刘志勇,毛卫民,王伟番,等.水冷铜质蛇形通道制备半固态A380铝合金浆料[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2015,35(2):130-133.LIU Zhiyong,MAO Weimin,WANG Weifan,et al. Preparation of semi-solid A380 aluminum alloy slurry by a water cooling serpentine channel[J]. Special-cast and Non-ferrous Alloys,2015,35(2):130-133.
[11]徐佳,吴国华,刘文才,等.气流搅拌法制备铝镁合金半固态浆料的研究现状[J].轻合金加工技术,2013,41(10):18-24.XU Jia,WU Guohua,LIU Wencai,et al. Research situation of preparing semi-solid slurry of Al and Mg alloys by gas bubble stirring method[J]. Light Alloy Fabrication Technology,2013,41(10):18-24.
[12]周全,陈乐平,肖程波,等.低压脉冲电流下AZ91D镁合金半固态组织形成机理研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2015,44(3):665-670.ZHOU Quan,CHEN Leping,XIAO Chengbo,et al. Formation mechanism of semi-solid microstructure of magnesium alloy AZ91D by low-voltage electric current pulses[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2015,44(3):665-670.
[13] QIN Q D,ZHAO Y G,CONG P J,et al. Semisolid microstructure of Mg2Si/Al composite by cooling slope cast and its evolution during partial remelting process[J]. Materials Science&Engineering A,2007,444(1-2):99-103.
[14]曾怡丹,石力开,张志峰,等.熔体分散混合法制备半固态浆料[J].中国有色金属学报,2008,18(4):630-636.ZENG Yidan,SHI Likai,ZHANG Zhifeng,et al. Preparation of semi-solid slurry by melt spreading and mixing technique[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2008,18(4):630-636.
[15]李元东,杨建,马颖.自孕育半固态制浆技术的研究[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2010,30(3):227-230.LI Yuandong,YANG Jian,MA Ying. Self-inoculation method for preparation of semi-solid slurry[J]. Special-cast and Non-ferrous Alloys,2010,30(3):227-230.
[16] YOUNG K P,KYONKA C P,COURTOIS J A. Fine grained metal composition:US,4415374[P]. 1982.
[17] KIRKWOOD D H,SELLARS C M,ELIAS BOYED L G. Thixotropic materials:EP,0305375B1[P]. 1992.
[18]李元东,郝远,陈体军,等.等温热处理工艺对AZ91D镁合金半固态组织演变和成形性的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2002,12(6):1143-1148.LI Yuandong,HAO Yuan,CHEN Tijun,et al. Effects of isothermal heat-treatment on microstructure evolution and formability of AZ91D magnesium alloy in semi-solid state[J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2002,12(6):1143-1148.
[19]康永林,宋仁伯,杨柳青,等.金属材料半固态凝固及成形技术进展[J].中国材料进展,2010,29(7):27-33.KANG Yonglin,SONG Renbo,YANG Liuqing,et al. Progress in technology of semi-solid solidification and forming for metal materials[J]. Materials China,2010,29(7):27-33.
[20]毛卫民.半固态金属成形技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.
[21]康永林,毛卫民,胡壮麒.金属材料半固态加工理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[22]潘冶,孙国雄.半固态铁基合金的研究进展[J].现代铸铁,1998,(3):18-21.PAN Ye,SUN Guoxiong. Research progress in semi-solid Ferrobased alloys[J]. Modern Cast Iron,1998,(3):18-21.
[23]毛卫民,赵爱民,云东,等.半固态高铬铸铁组织形成研究[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2003,(z1):261-263.MAO Weimin,ZHAO Aimin,YUN Dong,et al. Study on microstructure formation of semi-solid high chromium cast iron[J].Special-cast and Non-ferrous Alloys,2003,(z1):261-263.
[24] AMIN-AHMADI B,AASHURI H. Semisolid structure for M2 high speed steel prepared by cooling slope[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Tech.,2010,210(12):1632-1635.
[25] RAMADAN M,TAKITA M,NOMURA H,et al. Semi-solid processing of ultrahigh-carbon steel castings[J]. Materials Science&Engineering A,2006,430(1):285-291.
[26] HIRT G,SHIMAHARA H,SEIDL I,et al. Semi-solid forging of100Cr6 and X210CrW12 steel[J]. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,2005,54(1):257-260.
[27]许燕玲.半固态过共晶高铬铸铁二次加热及触变挤压充型研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2008.
[28] MENG Y,SUGIYAMA S,YANAGIMOTO J. Microstructural evolution during RAP process and deformation behavior of semi-solid SKD61 tool steel[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2012,212(8):1731-1741.
[29] MENG Y,SUGIYAMA S,SOLTANPOUR M,et al. Effects of predeformation and semi-solid processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr-V-Mo steel[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Tech.,2013,213(3):426-433.
[30] MANSON-WHITTON E D,STONE I C,JONES J R,et al. Isothermal grain coarsening of spray formed alloys in the semi-solid state[J]. Acta Materialia,2002,50(10):2517-2535.
[31] CHEN Y N,WEI J F,ZHAO Y Q,et al. Microstructure evolution and grain growth behavior of Ti14 alloy during semi-solid isothermal process[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011,21(5):1018-1022.
[32]安蓓,李亚敏,郝远,等.半固态等温热处理对K4169合金组织和性能的影响[J].新技术新工艺,2009,(2):111-114.AN Bei,LI Yamin,HAO Yuan,et al. Effects of isothermal heattreatment on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of K4169 super-alloy in semi-solid state[J]. New Technology New Process,2009,(2):111-114.
[33] JIANG J F,XIAO G F,WANG Y,et al. Microstructure evolution of wrought nickel based superalloy GH4037 in the semi-solid state[J]. Materials Characterization,2018,141:229-237.
[34] YASUE K,YU G L,WEN C E,et al. Elemental blended powders semisolid forming of Ti-Al based alloys[J]. Journal of Materials Science,2000,35(23):5927-5932.
[35]毛卫民,赵爱民,云东,等. 1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢半固态浆料的制备和轧制[J].金属学报,2003,39(10):65-69.MAO Weimin,ZHAO Aimin,YUN Dong,et al. Semi-solid slurry preparation and rolling of 1Cr18Ni9Ti strainless steel[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2003,39(10):65-69.
[36] BRAMANN H,FEHLBIER M,SAHM P R,et al. Casting of a cold work steel alloy in semi-solid state[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2004,155-156(6):1357-1364.
[37] GU G C,PESCI R,LANGLOIS L,et al. Microstructure investigation and flow behavior during thixoextrusion of M2 steel grade[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Tech.,2015,216(216):178-187.
[38] ZHAO Y Q,WU W L,CHANG H. Research on microstructure and mechanical properties of a newα+Ti2Cu alloy after semi-solid deformation[J]. Materials Science&Engineering A,2006,416(1):181-186.
[39] RASSILI A,ATKINSON H V. A review on steel thixoforming[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2010,20(s3):1048-1054.
[40] BIROL Y. Thermal fatigue testing of inconel 617 and Stellite 6 alloys as potential tooling materials for thixoforming of steels[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2010,527(7):1938-1945.
[41] BIROL Y. Ni-and Co-based superalloys as potential tool materials for thixoforming of steels[J]. International Journal of Material Forming,2010,3(1):739-742.
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