切顶卸压自动成巷覆岩变形机理及控制对策研究
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摘要
切顶卸压自动成巷技术有增加煤炭采出率、减少巷道掘进量等优点,为促进该技术的推广、优化,针对切顶成巷覆岩变形机理及控制对策展开研究.对切顶成巷技术的工艺流程及工序时空关系进行总结,并按围岩结构将留巷顺槽分为煤体支撑区、动压承载区和成巷稳定区3区.针对不同分区分别建立对应的力学简化模型,对巷道顶板变形规律及巷内支护需求进行计算分析.以塔山煤矿8304工作面作为试验面进行切顶成巷试验,验证巷道支护设计效果.现场监测显示留巷于工作面架后230 m后进入成巷稳定区,留巷平均高度为2 796.6 mm,巷内支护有效,成巷效果良好.
The technology of gob-side entry retaining formed by roof cutting and pressure releasing has advantages of increasing the coal mining rate and reducing the entry excavation work amount. In order to further promote and optimize the technology, the overlying strata deformation mechanism and control measures of retained entry under the new technology were studied. The process and time-space relationship of the technology were summarized, and the entry surrounding rock structures were divided into three areas: coal support area, dynamic pressure area and roadway stable area. Then, the simplified corresponding mechanical models were established respectively based on the areas divison, and the entry roof deformation laws and the supporting requirements were also analyzed. Taking the 8304 working face of Tashan coal mine as an example to carry out the entry retaining test and verify the effect of entry support design, the field monitoring shows that the retained entry enters the stability area when it behinds the working face more than 230 m, its average retained height is 2796.6 mm, and the entry retaining effect is good with the support design.
The technology of gob-side entry retaining formed by roof cutting and pressure releasing has advantages of increasing the coal mining rate and reducing the entry excavation work amount. In order to further promote and optimize the technology, the overlying strata deformation mechanism and control measures of retained entry under the new technology were studied. The process and time-space relationship of the technology were summarized, and the entry surrounding rock structures were divided into three areas: coal support area, dynamic pressure area and roadway stable area. Then, the simplified corresponding mechanical models were established respectively based on the areas divison, and the entry roof deformation laws and the supporting requirements were also analyzed. Taking the 8304 working face of Tashan coal mine as an example to carry out the entry retaining test and verify the effect of entry support design, the field monitoring shows that the retained entry enters the stability area when it behinds the working face more than 230 m, its average retained height is 2796.6 mm, and the entry retaining effect is good with the support design.
引文
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[11] 马新根,何满潮,李钊,等.复合顶板无煤柱自成巷切顶爆破设计关键参数研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2019,48(2):236-246.MA Xingen,HE Manchao,LI Zhao,et al.Key parameters of gob-side entry retaining automatically formed by roof cutting and blasting in compound roof condition[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2019,48(2):236-246.
[12] MA Xingen,HE Manchao,WANG Jiong,et al.Mine strata pressure characteristics and mechanisms in gob-side entry retention by roof cutting under medium-thick coal seam and compound roof conditions[J].Energies,2018,11(10):2539.
[13] 何满潮,马新根,牛福龙,等.中厚煤层复合顶板快速无煤柱自成巷适应性研究与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(12):1-15.HE Manchao,MA Xingen,NIU Fulong,et al.Adaptability research and application of rapid gob-side entry retaining formed by roof cutting and pressure releasing with composite roof and medium thick coal seam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(12):1-15.
[14] 迟宝锁,周开放,何满潮,等.大采高工作面切顶留巷支护参数优化研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(8):128-133.CHI Baosuo,ZHOU Kaifang,HE Manchao,et al.Optimization research on supporting parameters of roof cutting entry retaining with large mining height face[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(8):128-133.
[15] 徐营,周辉,柏建彪,等.沿空留巷底鼓特性与控制方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增2):4235-4243.XU Ying,ZHOU Hui,BAI Jianbiao,et al.Characteristics and control method of floor heave in gob-side entry retaining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Sup 2):4235-4243.
[16] 侯朝炯,马念杰.煤层巷道两帮煤体应力和极限平衡区的研讨[J].煤炭学报,1989,14(4):21-29.HOU Chaojiong,MA Nianjie.Stress in in-seam roadway sides and limit equilibrium zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1989,14(4):21-29.
[17] 杨惠斌,王志刚,赵银虎,等.大采高综采工作面回撤通道顶板控制技术研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2014,24(10):59-61.YANG Huibin,WANG Zhigang,ZHAO Yinhu,et al.Study on roof control technology for withdrawal passageway in fully mechanized coal face with large mining height[J].Mining Safety & Environmental Protection,2014,24(10):59-61.
[18] 何满潮,吕谦,陶志刚,等.静力拉伸下恒阻大变形锚索应变特征实验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(2):213-220.HE Manchao,Lü Qian,TAO Zhigang,et al.Experimental study of strain characteristics of constant-resistant large deformation anchor cable under static stretching condition[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2018,47(2):213-220.
[19] 钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010:64-69.QIAN Minggao,SHI Pingwu,XU Jialin.Mine pressure and strata control[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2010:64-69.
[20] 郭志飚,王琼,王昊昊,等.切顶成巷碎石帮泥岩碎胀特性及侧压力分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(5):987-994.GUO Zhibiao,WANG Qiong,WANG Haohao,et al.Broken expand properties and lateral pressure analysis of mud rock of gangue rib in gob-side entry retaining formed by roof-cutting and pressure-releasing[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2018,47(5):987-994.
[21] 高魁,刘泽功,刘健,等.深孔爆破在深井坚硬复合顶板沿空留巷强制放顶中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(8):1587-1594.GAO Kui,LIU Zegong,LIU Jian,et al.Application of deep borehole blasting to gob-side entry retaining forced roof caving in hard and compound roof deep well[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(8):1587-1594.
[2] 何满潮.深部软岩工程的研究进展与挑战[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1409-1417.HE Manchao.Progress and challenges of soft rock engineering in depth[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1409-1417.
[3] 何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2803-2813.HE Manchao,XIE Heping,PENG Suping,et al.Study on rock mechanics in deep mining engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2803-2813.
[4] 康红普,牛多龙,张镇,等.深部沿空留巷围岩变形特征与支护技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):1977-1987.KANG Hongpu,NIU Duolong,ZHANG Zhen,et al.Deformation characteristics of supporting rock and supporting technology of gob-side entry retaining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):1977-1987.
[5] 何满潮,宋振骐,王安,等.长壁开采切顶短壁梁理论及其110工法:第三次矿业科学技术变革[J],煤炭科技,2017,45(1):1-9.HE Manchao,SONG Zhenqi,WANG An,et al.Theory of longwall mining by using roof cutting shortwall team and 110 method:The third mining science and technology reform[J].Coal Science & Technology Magazine,2017,45(1):1-9.
[6] 孙晓明,刘鑫,梁广峰,等.薄煤层切顶卸压沿空留巷关键参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(7):1449-1456.SUN Xiaoming,LIU Xin,LIANG Guangfeng,et al.Key parameters of gob-side entry retaining formed by roof cut and pressure releasing in thin coal seams[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(7):1449-1456.
[7] 郭志飚,王将,曹天培,等.薄煤层切顶卸压自动成巷关键参数研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(9):879-885.GUO Zhibiao,WANG Jiang,CAO Tianpei,et al.Research on key parameters of gob-side entry retaining automatically formed by roof cutting and pressure release in thin coal seam mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2016,45(9):879-885.
[8] 郭鹏飞,张国锋,陶志刚.坚硬软弱复合顶板切顶卸压沿空留巷爆破技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(10):120-124.GUO Pengfei,ZHANG Guofeng,TAO Zhigang.Blasting technology of gateway retaining along goaf pressure release by roof cutting in hard and weak complex roof[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(10):120-124.
[9] 宋立兵.神东矿区切顶卸压成巷技术研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(8):80-85.SONG Libing.Study on roof cutting,pressure released and gateway driving technology in Shendong mining area[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(8):80-85.
[10] 何满潮,张国锋,俞学平,等.白皎矿保护层沿空切顶成巷无煤柱开采技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,21(4):511-513.HE Manchao,ZHANG Guofeng,YU Xueping,et al.Research on the technique of no pillar mining with gob side entry formed by advanced roof caving in the protective seam in Baijiao coal mine[J].Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering,2011,21(4):511-513.
[11] 马新根,何满潮,李钊,等.复合顶板无煤柱自成巷切顶爆破设计关键参数研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2019,48(2):236-246.MA Xingen,HE Manchao,LI Zhao,et al.Key parameters of gob-side entry retaining automatically formed by roof cutting and blasting in compound roof condition[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2019,48(2):236-246.
[12] MA Xingen,HE Manchao,WANG Jiong,et al.Mine strata pressure characteristics and mechanisms in gob-side entry retention by roof cutting under medium-thick coal seam and compound roof conditions[J].Energies,2018,11(10):2539.
[13] 何满潮,马新根,牛福龙,等.中厚煤层复合顶板快速无煤柱自成巷适应性研究与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(12):1-15.HE Manchao,MA Xingen,NIU Fulong,et al.Adaptability research and application of rapid gob-side entry retaining formed by roof cutting and pressure releasing with composite roof and medium thick coal seam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(12):1-15.
[14] 迟宝锁,周开放,何满潮,等.大采高工作面切顶留巷支护参数优化研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(8):128-133.CHI Baosuo,ZHOU Kaifang,HE Manchao,et al.Optimization research on supporting parameters of roof cutting entry retaining with large mining height face[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(8):128-133.
[15] 徐营,周辉,柏建彪,等.沿空留巷底鼓特性与控制方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增2):4235-4243.XU Ying,ZHOU Hui,BAI Jianbiao,et al.Characteristics and control method of floor heave in gob-side entry retaining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(Sup 2):4235-4243.
[16] 侯朝炯,马念杰.煤层巷道两帮煤体应力和极限平衡区的研讨[J].煤炭学报,1989,14(4):21-29.HOU Chaojiong,MA Nianjie.Stress in in-seam roadway sides and limit equilibrium zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1989,14(4):21-29.
[17] 杨惠斌,王志刚,赵银虎,等.大采高综采工作面回撤通道顶板控制技术研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2014,24(10):59-61.YANG Huibin,WANG Zhigang,ZHAO Yinhu,et al.Study on roof control technology for withdrawal passageway in fully mechanized coal face with large mining height[J].Mining Safety & Environmental Protection,2014,24(10):59-61.
[18] 何满潮,吕谦,陶志刚,等.静力拉伸下恒阻大变形锚索应变特征实验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(2):213-220.HE Manchao,Lü Qian,TAO Zhigang,et al.Experimental study of strain characteristics of constant-resistant large deformation anchor cable under static stretching condition[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2018,47(2):213-220.
[19] 钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010:64-69.QIAN Minggao,SHI Pingwu,XU Jialin.Mine pressure and strata control[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2010:64-69.
[20] 郭志飚,王琼,王昊昊,等.切顶成巷碎石帮泥岩碎胀特性及侧压力分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2018,47(5):987-994.GUO Zhibiao,WANG Qiong,WANG Haohao,et al.Broken expand properties and lateral pressure analysis of mud rock of gangue rib in gob-side entry retaining formed by roof-cutting and pressure-releasing[J].Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2018,47(5):987-994.
[21] 高魁,刘泽功,刘健,等.深孔爆破在深井坚硬复合顶板沿空留巷强制放顶中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(8):1587-1594.GAO Kui,LIU Zegong,LIU Jian,et al.Application of deep borehole blasting to gob-side entry retaining forced roof caving in hard and compound roof deep well[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(8):1587-1594.
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