页岩气解吸规律新认识
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摘要
自主研发的无压阻微压损型全自动含气量测试仪,不仅可以连续测试页岩气解吸气量,还具备检测甲烷质量分数的功能。依托于该仪器,对渝东南地区页岩气井进行现场含气量测试,首次实现对页岩气解吸中气体组分的连续检测,发现页岩气解吸具有独特规律。页岩气解吸遵循"三段式"变化模式,解吸初期(前3 h),甲烷质量分数快速增加,解吸中期(3～10 h)甲烷质量分数基本稳定不变,解吸后期(10 h至解吸终止)甲烷质量分数跳跃式下降至解吸结束。页岩气解吸是从外到内,从裂缝、大孔到微裂缝、微孔,最后到页岩基质块体,层层递进、逐级深入的过程。解吸初期,页岩释放的气体多来自裂缝或连通较好的大孔,游离气占据主要部分;解吸中期,微裂缝或大孔中呈吸附状态的气体及具一定连通性的中孔和部分微孔中气体开始释放,以游离气和吸附气为主;解吸后期,连通性较差及微孔中呈吸附或束缚状态的气体开始释放,吸附气占据主要部分。
The automatic gas content apparatus was independently developed with no-pressure resistance and micro-pres-sure loss. It can not only continuously measure the content of shale gas,but also have the function of detecting methane con-centration. Shale gas content at the well site was measured by this device in Southeast Chongqing.Continuous detection ofdesorbed gas composition was conducted for the first time,and it was found that the desorption of shale gas had unique char-acteristics. A"three-stage"variation type of gas desorption was obtained after core being sealed. In the early period(the first3 hours),the methane concentration increased rapidly;and it became stable in the mid period(the next three to ten hours);in the late period(from the tenth hour to the end),it decreased sharply with fluctuations. The shale gas desorption is a pro-gressive process from the external to the internal,from fractures and large pores to microfractures,micropores and matrix ofthe shale. The released shale gas in the early stage was mostly from fractures or well-connected macropores,and the freegas was the main part. In the mid stage,the shale gas adsorbed in microfractures or macropores and that in mesopores withsemi-connectivity and some micropores began to release,and the free gas and adsorption gas were the main part. In the latestage,the adsorbed and bounded gas desorbed from pores with poor connectivity and micropores,and the adsorption gas oc-cupied the major part of the shale gas.
The automatic gas content apparatus was independently developed with no-pressure resistance and micro-pres-sure loss. It can not only continuously measure the content of shale gas,but also have the function of detecting methane con-centration. Shale gas content at the well site was measured by this device in Southeast Chongqing.Continuous detection ofdesorbed gas composition was conducted for the first time,and it was found that the desorption of shale gas had unique char-acteristics. A"three-stage"variation type of gas desorption was obtained after core being sealed. In the early period(the first3 hours),the methane concentration increased rapidly;and it became stable in the mid period(the next three to ten hours);in the late period(from the tenth hour to the end),it decreased sharply with fluctuations. The shale gas desorption is a pro-gressive process from the external to the internal,from fractures and large pores to microfractures,micropores and matrix ofthe shale. The released shale gas in the early stage was mostly from fractures or well-connected macropores,and the freegas was the main part. In the mid stage,the shale gas adsorbed in microfractures or macropores and that in mesopores withsemi-connectivity and some micropores began to release,and the free gas and adsorption gas were the main part. In the latestage,the adsorbed and bounded gas desorbed from pores with poor connectivity and micropores,and the adsorption gas oc-cupied the major part of the shale gas.
引文
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[7]王飞宇,关晶,冯伟平,等.过成熟海相页岩孔隙度演化特征和游离气量[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(6):764-768.WANG Feiyu,GUAN Jing,FENG Weiping,et al.Evolution of overmature marine shale porosity and implication to the free gas volume[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(6):764-768.
[8]王香增,范柏江.页岩气解析实验及其地质应用[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(3):532-538.WANG Xiangzeng,FAN Bojiang.The desorbing experiments of shale gas and its geological application[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(3):532-538.
[9]杨振恒,魏志红,何文斌,等.川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩现场解吸气特征及其意义[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(1):156-163.YANG Zhenheng,WEI Zhihong,HE Wenbin,et al.Characteristics and significance of onsite gas desorption from Wufeng-Longmaxi shales in southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(1):156-163.
[10]孟强,王晓锋,王香增,等.页岩气解析过程中烷烃碳同位素组成变化及其地质意义--以鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡东南部长7页岩为例[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(2):333-340.MENG Qiang,WANG Xiaofeng,WANG Xiangzeng,et al.Variation of carbon isotopic composition of alkanes during the shale gas desorption process and its geological significance:A case study of Chang7 shale of Yanchang Formation in Yishan slope southeast of Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(2):333-340.
[11]CURTIS M E,CARDOTT B J,SONDERGELD C H,et al.Development of organic porosity in the Woodford shale with increasing thermal maturity[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,103(23):26-31.
[12]GRIESER B,SHELLEY B,SOLIMAN M,et al.Predicting production outcome from multi-stage,horizontal Barnett completions[R].Oklahoma:SPE Production and Operations Symposium,2009:259-268.
[13]侯宇光,何生,易积正,等.页岩孔隙结构对甲烷吸附能力的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(2):248-256.HOU Yuguang,HE Sheng,YI Jizheng,et al.Effect of pore structure on methane sorption capacity of shales[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(2):248-256.
[14]朱汉卿,贾爱林,位云生,等.昭通示范区龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构特征及吸附能力[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(4):1-6,15.ZHU Hanqing,JIA Ailin,WEI Yunsheng,et al.Characteristics of microscopic pore structure and methane adsorption capacity of shale in the Longmaxi Formation in the Zhaotong area[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(4):1-6,15.
[15]SLATT R M,O’BRIEN N R.Pore types in the Barnett and Woodford gas:Contribution to understanding gas storage and migration pathways in fine grained rocks[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(12):2 017-2 030.
[16]王超,石万忠,张晓明,等.页岩储层裂缝系统综合评价及其对页岩气渗流和聚集的影响[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(1):50-56.WANG Chao,SHI Wanzhong,ZHANG Xiaoming,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of fracture system in shale reservoir and its influence on shale gas seepage and accumulation[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(1):50-56.
[17]肖贤明,宋之光,朱炎铭,等.北美页岩气研究及对我国下古生界页岩气开发的启示[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(5):721-727.XIAO Xianming,SONG Zhiguang,ZHU Yanming,et al.Summary of shale gas research in North American and revelations to shale gas exploration of Lower Paleozoic strata in China south area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(5):721-727.
[18]要继超,王兴志,罗兰,等.渝东地区龙马溪组页岩气成藏地质条件研究[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(4):77-80.YAO Jichao,WANG Xingzhi,LUO Lan,et al.Geology of Longmaxi shale gas accumulation in Eastern Chongqing[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(4):77-80.
[19]金之钧,胡宗全,高波,等.川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气富集与高产控制因素[J].地学前缘,2016,23(1):1-10.JIN Zhijun,HU Zongquan,GAO Bo,et al.Controlling factors on the enrichment and high productivity of shale gas in the WufengLongmaxi Formations,southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(1):1-10.
[20]姜振学,唐相路,李卓,等.川东南地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构全孔径表征及其对含气性的控制[J].地学前缘,2016,23(2):126-134.JIANG Zhenxue,TANG Xianglu,LI Zhuo,et al.The whole-aperture pore structure characteristics and its effect on gas content of the Longmaxi Formation shale in the southeastern Sichuan basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(2):126-134.
[21]余川,聂海宽,曾春林,等.四川盆地东部下古生界页岩储集空间特征及其对含气性的影响[J].地质学报,2014,88(7):1 311-1 320.YU Chuan,NIE Haikuang,ZENG Chunlin,et al.Shale reservoir space characteristics and the effect on gas content in Lower Palaeozoic Erathem of the eastern Sichuan basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(7):1 311-1 320.
[2]方志雄,何希鹏.渝东南武隆向斜常压页岩气形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):819-827.FANG Zhixiong,HE Xipeng.Formation and evolution of normal pressure shale gas reservoir in Wulong Syncline,Southeast Chongqing,China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(6):819-827.
[3]郭旭升,胡东风,魏祥峰,等.四川盆地焦石坝地区页岩裂缝发育主控因素及对产能的影响[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):799-808.GUO Xusheng,HU Dongfeng,WEI Xiangfeng,et al.Main controlling factors on shale fractures and their influences on production capacity in Jiaoshiba area,the Sichuan Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(6):799-808.
[4]何希鹏,高玉巧,唐显春,等.渝东南地区常压页岩气富集主控因素分析[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(4):654-664.HE Xipeng,GAO Yuqiao,TANG Xianchun,et al.Analysis of major factors controlling the accumulation in normal pressure shale gas in the southeast of Chongqing[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(4):654-664.
[5]马永生,蔡勋育,赵培荣.中国页岩气勘探开发理论认识与实践[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(4):1-14.MA Yongsheng,CAI Xunyu,ZHAO Peirong.China’s shale gas exploration and development:Understanding and practice[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(4):1-14.
[6]冉天,谭先锋,陈浩,等.渝东南地区下志留统龙马溪组页岩气成藏地质特征[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(5):17-26.RAN Tian,TAN Xianfeng,CHEN Hao,et al.Geological features of shale gas accumulation in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation,Southeast Chongqing[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(5):17-26.
[7]王飞宇,关晶,冯伟平,等.过成熟海相页岩孔隙度演化特征和游离气量[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(6):764-768.WANG Feiyu,GUAN Jing,FENG Weiping,et al.Evolution of overmature marine shale porosity and implication to the free gas volume[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(6):764-768.
[8]王香增,范柏江.页岩气解析实验及其地质应用[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(3):532-538.WANG Xiangzeng,FAN Bojiang.The desorbing experiments of shale gas and its geological application[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(3):532-538.
[9]杨振恒,魏志红,何文斌,等.川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩现场解吸气特征及其意义[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(1):156-163.YANG Zhenheng,WEI Zhihong,HE Wenbin,et al.Characteristics and significance of onsite gas desorption from Wufeng-Longmaxi shales in southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(1):156-163.
[10]孟强,王晓锋,王香增,等.页岩气解析过程中烷烃碳同位素组成变化及其地质意义--以鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡东南部长7页岩为例[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(2):333-340.MENG Qiang,WANG Xiaofeng,WANG Xiangzeng,et al.Variation of carbon isotopic composition of alkanes during the shale gas desorption process and its geological significance:A case study of Chang7 shale of Yanchang Formation in Yishan slope southeast of Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(2):333-340.
[11]CURTIS M E,CARDOTT B J,SONDERGELD C H,et al.Development of organic porosity in the Woodford shale with increasing thermal maturity[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,103(23):26-31.
[12]GRIESER B,SHELLEY B,SOLIMAN M,et al.Predicting production outcome from multi-stage,horizontal Barnett completions[R].Oklahoma:SPE Production and Operations Symposium,2009:259-268.
[13]侯宇光,何生,易积正,等.页岩孔隙结构对甲烷吸附能力的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(2):248-256.HOU Yuguang,HE Sheng,YI Jizheng,et al.Effect of pore structure on methane sorption capacity of shales[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(2):248-256.
[14]朱汉卿,贾爱林,位云生,等.昭通示范区龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构特征及吸附能力[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(4):1-6,15.ZHU Hanqing,JIA Ailin,WEI Yunsheng,et al.Characteristics of microscopic pore structure and methane adsorption capacity of shale in the Longmaxi Formation in the Zhaotong area[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(4):1-6,15.
[15]SLATT R M,O’BRIEN N R.Pore types in the Barnett and Woodford gas:Contribution to understanding gas storage and migration pathways in fine grained rocks[J].AAPG Bulletin,2011,95(12):2 017-2 030.
[16]王超,石万忠,张晓明,等.页岩储层裂缝系统综合评价及其对页岩气渗流和聚集的影响[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(1):50-56.WANG Chao,SHI Wanzhong,ZHANG Xiaoming,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of fracture system in shale reservoir and its influence on shale gas seepage and accumulation[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(1):50-56.
[17]肖贤明,宋之光,朱炎铭,等.北美页岩气研究及对我国下古生界页岩气开发的启示[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(5):721-727.XIAO Xianming,SONG Zhiguang,ZHU Yanming,et al.Summary of shale gas research in North American and revelations to shale gas exploration of Lower Paleozoic strata in China south area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(5):721-727.
[18]要继超,王兴志,罗兰,等.渝东地区龙马溪组页岩气成藏地质条件研究[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(4):77-80.YAO Jichao,WANG Xingzhi,LUO Lan,et al.Geology of Longmaxi shale gas accumulation in Eastern Chongqing[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(4):77-80.
[19]金之钧,胡宗全,高波,等.川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气富集与高产控制因素[J].地学前缘,2016,23(1):1-10.JIN Zhijun,HU Zongquan,GAO Bo,et al.Controlling factors on the enrichment and high productivity of shale gas in the WufengLongmaxi Formations,southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(1):1-10.
[20]姜振学,唐相路,李卓,等.川东南地区龙马溪组页岩孔隙结构全孔径表征及其对含气性的控制[J].地学前缘,2016,23(2):126-134.JIANG Zhenxue,TANG Xianglu,LI Zhuo,et al.The whole-aperture pore structure characteristics and its effect on gas content of the Longmaxi Formation shale in the southeastern Sichuan basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(2):126-134.
[21]余川,聂海宽,曾春林,等.四川盆地东部下古生界页岩储集空间特征及其对含气性的影响[J].地质学报,2014,88(7):1 311-1 320.YU Chuan,NIE Haikuang,ZENG Chunlin,et al.Shale reservoir space characteristics and the effect on gas content in Lower Palaeozoic Erathem of the eastern Sichuan basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(7):1 311-1 320.
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