原油降解菌苍白杆菌属的性能及菌株筛选
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摘要
从克拉玛依油田六中区地层水中筛选并分离得到了一类具有原油降解和乳化功能的菌株,依据生理生化和16SrDNA特征,应为苍白杆菌属。实验研究发现,该菌生长最适宜pH值为6～9,最适温度为25～37℃,耐盐度为0～5%.以原油为唯一碳源,菌株发酵液的乳化指数达52%,在66 h后达到发酵稳定期,具有一定的乳化功能,能够消耗原油中的饱和烃和芳香烃以及轻质组分,使原油中的饱和烃相对含量从68.00%减少至53.73%,芳香烃、非烃和沥青质相对含量则分别由11.04%,14.10%和6.86%增加至12.44%,24.81%和9.02%,w(C_(21)-)/w(C_(22)+)和w(C_(21+22))/w(C_(28+29))分别由1.41和2.35减小至0.88和0.44,Pr/nC_(17)由1.53增加到13.43,Ph/nC_(18)从1.70显著增加至35.00,原油被菌株有效降解,为其进一步应用于现场驱油试验以及石油污染土壤等修复领域提供可能。
A type of strain with crude oil degradation and emulsification characteristics was screened and separated from the formation water in District Liuzhong, Karamay oilfield, which should belong to Ochrobactrum according to the characteristics of physiology and biochemistry and 16 SrDNA sequence analysis. Experimental study shows that the optimum pH value, temperature and salt tolerance for the bacteria growth are 6～9, 25～37 ℃ and 0～5%, respectively. The crude oil is the sole carbon source, the emulsification index of the strain fermentation liquor reaches 52% and steps into a stable stage after 66 h, which can consume the saturated hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon and light components in crude oil and then the relative content of saturated hydrocarbon in crude oil decreases from 68.00% to 53.73%, the relative contents of aromatic hydrocarbon, nonhydrocarbons and asphaltene increase from 11.04%, 14.10% and 6.86% to 12.44%, 24.81%and 9.02%, respectively; w(C_(21-~))/w(C_(22~+))and w(C_(21+22))/w(C_(28+29)) reduce from 1.41 and 2.35 to 0.88 and 0.44, respectively; Pr/nC_(17) and Ph/nC_(18) increase from 1.53 and 1.70 to 13.43 and 35.00, respectively. The crude oil is degraded by the strain effectively, which provides possibilities for its further application in field oil displacement test and contaminated soil restoration.
A type of strain with crude oil degradation and emulsification characteristics was screened and separated from the formation water in District Liuzhong, Karamay oilfield, which should belong to Ochrobactrum according to the characteristics of physiology and biochemistry and 16 SrDNA sequence analysis. Experimental study shows that the optimum pH value, temperature and salt tolerance for the bacteria growth are 6～9, 25～37 ℃ and 0～5%, respectively. The crude oil is the sole carbon source, the emulsification index of the strain fermentation liquor reaches 52% and steps into a stable stage after 66 h, which can consume the saturated hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon and light components in crude oil and then the relative content of saturated hydrocarbon in crude oil decreases from 68.00% to 53.73%, the relative contents of aromatic hydrocarbon, nonhydrocarbons and asphaltene increase from 11.04%, 14.10% and 6.86% to 12.44%, 24.81%and 9.02%, respectively; w(C_(21-~))/w(C_(22~+))and w(C_(21+22))/w(C_(28+29)) reduce from 1.41 and 2.35 to 0.88 and 0.44, respectively; Pr/nC_(17) and Ph/nC_(18) increase from 1.53 and 1.70 to 13.43 and 35.00, respectively. The crude oil is degraded by the strain effectively, which provides possibilities for its further application in field oil displacement test and contaminated soil restoration.
引文
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[2]柏璐璐.微生物采油技术现状及发展探讨[J].化学工程与装备,2018,47(8):285-287.BAI Lulu.Current situation and development of microbial oil recovery technology[J].Chemical Engineering&Equipment,2018,47(8):285-287.
[3]刘建英,申坤,黄战卫,等.安塞特低渗透油田微生物驱先导试验[J].新疆石油地质,2010,31(6):634-636.LIU Jianying,SHEN Kun,HUANG Zhanwei,et al.A pilot study on meor in Ansai extra-low permeability oil field[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2010,31(6):634-636.
[4]陈金兰,张颖,余维初.微生物采油技术应用现状[J].广州化工,2018,46(4):19-21.CHEN Jinlan,ZHANG Ying,YU Weichu.Application status of microbial oil recovery technology[J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2018,46(4):19-21.
[5]王红波,彭晓钟,吴运强,等.克拉玛依油田六中区地层水内源微生物激活现场试验[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(5):523-524.WANG Hongbo,PENG Xiaozhong,WU Yunqiang,et al.Activating test of endogenous microbes in formation water of district Mid-6 in Karamay oilfield[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(5):523-524.
[6]李二庭,陈俊,于双,等.生物降解稠油中沥青质热模拟实验[J].新疆石油地质,2017,38(5):580-585.LI Erting,CHEN Jun,YU Shuang,et al.Thermal simulation experiment on asphaltene in biodegraded heavy oil[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2017,38(5):580-585.
[7]姚密.微生物采油技术在石油开采中的应用[J].化学工程与装备,2018,47(9):100-101.YAO Mi.Application of microbial oil recovery technology in petroleum exploitation[J].Chemical Engineering&Equipment,2018,47(9):100-101.
[8]郑承纲,王广霞,张巧云,等.一株采油功能菌的筛选和评价[J].油田化学,2010,27(2):205-208.ZHENG Chenggang,WANG Guangxia,ZHANG Qiaoyun,et al.Astudy on scerrning and evaluating the strain Z25 for micribial enhanced oil recovery[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2010,27(2):205-208.
[9]汪卫东.我国微生物采油技术现状及发展前景[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,29(6):87-90.WANG Weidong.Present study situation and development prospects of microbiological recovery technology in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2002,29(6):87-90.
[10]王小通,向龙斌,张艺馨.辽河高凝油微生物采油菌剂研究及应用评价[J].岩性油气藏,2017,29(5):162-168.WANG Xiaotong,XIANG Longbin,ZHANG Yixin.Microoganism preparation and application evaluation on microbial enhanced highpour point oil recovery in Liaohe oilfield[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(5):162-168.
[11]王修垣.微生物提高石油采收率(I)[J].微生物学通报,1999,26(5):384-385.WANG Xiuyuan.Microbial enhancement of oil recovery(I)[J].Microbiology China,1999,26(5):384-385.
[12]徐海燕,丁明山,刘娟,等.枯草芽孢杆菌提高原油采收率的物模驱油实验[J].石油与天然气化工,2016,45(3):61-66.XU Haiyan,DING Mingshan,LIU Juan,et al.Physical simulation experiment of oil displacement by bacillus subtilis for enhanced oil recovery[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil&Gas,2016,45(3):61-66.
[13]代学成,张庭辉,杨朝晖,等.克拉玛依油田微生物菌种筛选及驱油效率试验[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(6):731-732.DAI Xuecheng,ZHANG Tinghui,YANG Zhaohui,et al.Experiment of bacteria filtration and oil-displacing efficiency by meor process in Karamay field[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2007,28(6):731-732.
[14]GHOSAL D,CHAKRABORTY J,KHARA P,et al.Degradation of phenanthrene via meta-cleavage of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid by Ochrobactrum sp.Strain PWTJD[J].FEMS Microbiology Letters,2010,313(2):103-110.
[15]KO?BERBER N K.Enhancement of phenol biodegradation by Ochrobactrum sp.isolated from industrial wastewaters[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2009,63(6):778-781.
[16]BHATTACHARYA M,BISWAS D,SANA S,et al.Utilization of waste engine oil by Ochrobactrum pseudintermedium strain C1 that secretes an exopolysaccharide as a bioemulsifier[J].Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology,2014,3(4):167-176.
[17]IBRAHIM,HAYTHAM M M.Characterization of biosurfactants produced by novel strains of Ochrobactrum anthropi HM-1 and Citrobacter freundii HM-2 from used engine oil-contaminated soil[J].Egyptian Journal of Petroleum,2016:S111006211630174X.
[18]BEZZA F A,BEUKES M,CHIRWA E M N.Application of biosurfactant produced by Ochrobactrum intermedium,CN3 for enhancing petroleum sludge bioremediation[J].Process Biochemistry,2016,51(2):343-343.
[19]COOPER D G,GOLDENBERG B G.Surface-active agents from two bacillus species[J].Applied&Environmental Microbiology,1987,53(2):224-9.
[20]石油地质勘探标准委员会.岩石中可溶有机物及原油族组分分析:SY/T 5119-2008[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2008.Standards Committee for Petroleum Geological Exploration.Analysis of soluble organic compounds and crude oil group components in rocks:SY/T 5119-2008[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2008.
[21]赵文,杨剑,黄先利,等.复合驱油菌株提高安塞低渗透油田采收率实验[J].新疆石油地质,2014,35(6):699-702.ZHAO Wen,YANG Jian,HUANG Xianli,et al.Laboratory on enhancing oil recovery of Ansai low-permeability reservoir by microbial combination flooding process[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2014,35(6):699-702.
[22]夏文杰,董汉平,俞理,等.铜绿假单胞菌WJ-1降解原油特性[J].化工学报,2011,62(7):2 013-2 019.XIA Wenjie,DONG Hanping,YU Li,et al.Oil-degradation characteristics of pseudomonas aeruginosa WJ-1[J].Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering,2011,62(7):2 013-2 019.
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