中国面向遥感应用的垂直起降无人机现状和应用前景分析
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摘要
近年来,针对中国生态环境、洪涝灾害应急响应、国土安全监测等遥感观测任务,无人航空遥感手段需求越来越多。构建异构无人航空器遥感观测多任务集群系统是近几年的发展目标,为完成无人航空遥感生态建设,垂直起降无人机以其不受场地限制起降又可快速巡飞的特点,在多个领域发挥着越来越大的作用。本文主要研究内容包括国内垂直起降无人机发展现状调研、面向航空遥感应用市场的无人机分析及典型机型介绍、垂直起降无人机在遥感领域的应用场景及案例分析、垂直起降无人机在遥感领域的应用前景及发展趋势等。通过广泛调研及深入分析可知,目前垂直起降固定翼无人机正逐步取代多旋翼飞行器的主导地位;垂直起降无人机占据了遥感应用无人机80.47%的市场份额;动力多元化、系统智能化、布局多样化、尺寸小型化等是面向遥感应用的垂直起降无人机的发展方向。本文较为全面地阐述和剖析了面向遥感应用的垂直起降无人机的相关内容,为遥感航空无人机生态建设提供了参考与支撑。
In recent years, demand of unmanned aerial remote sensing tools is growing for ecological environment, flood disaster emergency response, land security monitoring and other remote sensing observation tasks. Building heterogeneous UAV remote sensing observation multi-task cluster system is the development goal in recent years. In order to complete the ecological construction of UAV remote sensing, vertical take-off and landing UAV plays an increasingly important role in many fields because of its characteristics of fast patrol and taking-off and landing without site restrictions. The main contents of this paper include the research on the development status of domestic vertical take-off and landing UAV, the analysis of UAVs for the aviation remote sensing application market and the introduction of typical UAV models, the application scenarios and case analysis of the vertical take-off and landing UAV in the field of remote sensing, and the application prospects and development trends of the vertical take-off and landing UAV in the field of remote sensing. Through extensive research and in-depth analysis, it is known that the vertical take-off and landing UAVs with fixed-wing are gradually replacing the dominant position of multi-rotor aircraft; vertical take-off and landing UAVs occupy 80.47% of the market share of remote sensing application drones; Diversified power, intelligent system,diversified layout, and small size are the development direction of vertical take-off and landing UAVs for remote sensing applications. This paper comprehensively expounded and analyzed the related content of vertical takeoff and landing UAVs for remote sensing applications, and provides reference and support for the ecological construction of remote sensing aviation drones.
In recent years, demand of unmanned aerial remote sensing tools is growing for ecological environment, flood disaster emergency response, land security monitoring and other remote sensing observation tasks. Building heterogeneous UAV remote sensing observation multi-task cluster system is the development goal in recent years. In order to complete the ecological construction of UAV remote sensing, vertical take-off and landing UAV plays an increasingly important role in many fields because of its characteristics of fast patrol and taking-off and landing without site restrictions. The main contents of this paper include the research on the development status of domestic vertical take-off and landing UAV, the analysis of UAVs for the aviation remote sensing application market and the introduction of typical UAV models, the application scenarios and case analysis of the vertical take-off and landing UAV in the field of remote sensing, and the application prospects and development trends of the vertical take-off and landing UAV in the field of remote sensing. Through extensive research and in-depth analysis, it is known that the vertical take-off and landing UAVs with fixed-wing are gradually replacing the dominant position of multi-rotor aircraft; vertical take-off and landing UAVs occupy 80.47% of the market share of remote sensing application drones; Diversified power, intelligent system,diversified layout, and small size are the development direction of vertical take-off and landing UAVs for remote sensing applications. This paper comprehensively expounded and analyzed the related content of vertical takeoff and landing UAVs for remote sensing applications, and provides reference and support for the ecological construction of remote sensing aviation drones.
引文
[1]廖小罕,周成虎.轻小型无人机遥感发展报告[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.[Liao X H,Zhou C H.Light-small UAV remote sensing development report[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.]
[2]廖小罕,周成虎,苏奋振,等.无人机遥感众创时代[J].地球信息科学学报,2016,18(11):1439-1447.[Liao X H,Zhou C H,Su Z,et al.The mass innovation era of UAV remote sensing[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016,18(11):1439-1447.]
[3]王冠林,武哲.垂直起降无人机总体方案分析及控制策略综合研究[J].飞机设计,2006(3):25-30.[Wang G L,Wu Z.Configurations and control strategy for VTOL UAVs[J].Aircraft Design,2006(3):25-30.]
[4]王适存.直升机空气动力学[M].北京:航空专业教材编审组,1985:2-55.[Wang S C.Helicopter aerodynamics[M].Beijing:Aviation Professional Teaching Materials Editing Group,1985:2-55.]
[5]曹义华.直升机飞行力学[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.[Cao Y H.Helicopter flight dynamics[M].Beijing:Beihang University Press,2005.]
[6]宋晓阳,黄耀欢,董东林,等.融合数字表面模型的无人机遥感影像城市土地利用分类[J].地球信息科学学报,2018,20(5):703-711.[Song X Y,Huang Y H,Dong D L,et al.Urban land use classification from UAV remote sensing images based on digital surface model[J].Journal of Geo-information Science,2018,20(5):703-711.]
[7]赵国庆,招启军,吴琪,等.新型桨尖抑制旋翼跨声速特性的影响分析[J].航空动力学报,2016,31(1):143-152.[Zhao G Q,Zhao Q J,Wu Q,et al.Analyses on inhibiting of transonic characteristics of rotor with new type bladetip[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2016,31(1):143-152.]
[8]代君,管宇峰,任淑红.多旋翼无人机研究现状与发展趋势探讨[J].赤峰学院学报(自然科学版),2016,32(16):22-24.[Dai J,Guan Y F,Ren S H.Research status and development trend of multi-rotor UAV[J].Journal of Chifeng College(Natural Science Edition),2016,32(16):22-24.]
[9]肖潇,胡林豪,鲁沁洋,等.DJI大疆创新企业战略分析[J].财讯,2016(16):112-114.[Xiao X,Hu L H,Lu Q Y,et al.Strategic analysis of DJI Dajiang innovation enterprise[J].Caixun,2016(16):112-114.]
[10]杨存建,李何超,李晓,等.基于多旋翼大疆无人机的土地利用正射遥感影像的快速获取方法研究[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(33):60-62.[Yang C J,Li H C,Li X,et al.Study on rapidly obtaining land use remote sensing image using Dajiang unmanned aircraft[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(33):60-62,64.]
[11]张啸迟,万志强,章异赢,等.旋翼固定翼复合式垂直起降飞行器概念设计研究[J].航空学报,2016,37(1):179-192.[Zhang X C,Wan Z Q,Zhang Y Y,et al.Conceptual design of rotary wing and fixed wing compound VTOL aircraft[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2016,37(1):179-192.]
[12]张啸迟.旋翼固定翼复合式垂直起降无人飞行器总体设计[D].北京:北京航空航天大学,2014:9-57.[Zhang X C.Conceptual design of rotor and fixed wing combined VTOL UAV[D].Beijing:Beihang University,2014:9-57.]
[13]匡银虎,刘明远,石矿林.四旋翼垂直起降固定翼飞行器设计[J].科技视界,2016(24):36-38.[Kuang Y H,Liu MY,Shi K L.Four-rotor vertical take-off and landing fixedwing aircraft design[J].Science&Technology Vision,2016(24):36-38.]
[14]韩志凤,李荣冰,刘建业,等.小型四旋翼飞行器动力学模型优化[J].控制工程,2013(s1):158-162.[Han Z F,Li RB,Liu J Y,et al.Model optimization of small quad-rotor in the case of center of mass offset[J].Control Engineering of China,2013(s1):158-162.]
[15]万佳,陈铭.复合式直升机前飞状态旋翼-机翼干扰计算分析[J].航空动力学报,2009,24(11):2459-2464.[Wan J,Chen M.Rotor-wing interaction analysis of a compound helicopterin forward flight[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2009,24(11):2460-2464.]
[16]邓阳平.新概念旋转机翼飞机旋翼技术研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2006:17-30.[Deng Y P.Research on rotor technology of new concept rotor/wing aircraft[D].Xi'an:Northwestern Polytechnical University,2006:17-30.]
[17]Moore M.NASA Puffin Electric Tailsitter VTOL Concept[C]//Aiaa Aviation Technology,Integration,and Operations,2013.
[18]于进勇,王超.垂直起降无人机技术发展现状与展望[J].飞航导弹,2017(5):37-42.[Yu J Y,Wang C.Development status and prospect of vertical landing and unmanned aerial vehicle technology[J].Aerodynamic Missile Journal,2017(5):37-42.]
[19]胡健波,张健.无人机遥感在生态学中的应用进展[J].生态学报,2018,38(1):20-30.[Hu J B,Zhang J.Unmanned Aerial Vehicle remote sensing in ecology:Advances and prospects.ActaEcologicaSinica,2018,38(1):20-30.]
[20]李成智,倪先平.直升机的世界:岁月之旅[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.[Li C Z,Ni X P.The world of helicopter-evolution of helicopter[M].Beijing:Beihang University Press,2007.]
[21]秦志伟.2020年中国植保无人机需求量10万架[N].中国科学报,2015-12-16(7).[Qin Z W.2020 China's plant protection drone demand 100 000[N].Journal of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2015-12-16(7).]
[22]招启军,徐国华.新型桨尖旋翼悬停气动性能试验及数值研究[J].航空学报,2009,30(3):422-429.[Zhao Q J,Xu G H.Aerodynamic performance of rotor with new type bladetip in hover based upon test and numerical investigations[J].Acta Aeronauticaet Astro-nautica Sinca,2009,30(3):422-429.]
[23]Dumont A,Le Pape A,Peter J,et al.Aerodynamic shape optimization of hovering rotors using a discrete adjoint of the RANS equations[J].Journal of the American Helicopter Society,2010,56(3):1-11.
[24]Xin M,Pan H.Robust control of PVTOL aircraft with a nonlinear optimal control solution[J].Journal of Aerospace Engineering,2010,23(4):265-275.
(1)图片来自https://baike.baidu.com/item/AV500%E6%97%A0%E4%BA%BA%E7%9B%B4%E5%8D%87%E6%9C%BA/16171952?fr=aladdin。
(2)图片来自http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1603148763884089549&wfr=spider&for=pc。
(3)图片来自https://www.cnblogs.com/northking/p/4234525.htm(l左图); https://www.wendangwang.com/doc/55010377ca47a2786397d830(右图)。
(4)图片来自http://www.tx-tech.cn/vespertilio#page3。
(5)图片来自http://news.163.com/16/0330/11/BJDC36HC000146BE_mobile.html。
(6)图片来自http://www.sohu.com/a/237372194_99973364。
(7)图片来自http://www.sunhawk.cc/product_detail/pmcId=30.html。
[2]廖小罕,周成虎,苏奋振,等.无人机遥感众创时代[J].地球信息科学学报,2016,18(11):1439-1447.[Liao X H,Zhou C H,Su Z,et al.The mass innovation era of UAV remote sensing[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016,18(11):1439-1447.]
[3]王冠林,武哲.垂直起降无人机总体方案分析及控制策略综合研究[J].飞机设计,2006(3):25-30.[Wang G L,Wu Z.Configurations and control strategy for VTOL UAVs[J].Aircraft Design,2006(3):25-30.]
[4]王适存.直升机空气动力学[M].北京:航空专业教材编审组,1985:2-55.[Wang S C.Helicopter aerodynamics[M].Beijing:Aviation Professional Teaching Materials Editing Group,1985:2-55.]
[5]曹义华.直升机飞行力学[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.[Cao Y H.Helicopter flight dynamics[M].Beijing:Beihang University Press,2005.]
[6]宋晓阳,黄耀欢,董东林,等.融合数字表面模型的无人机遥感影像城市土地利用分类[J].地球信息科学学报,2018,20(5):703-711.[Song X Y,Huang Y H,Dong D L,et al.Urban land use classification from UAV remote sensing images based on digital surface model[J].Journal of Geo-information Science,2018,20(5):703-711.]
[7]赵国庆,招启军,吴琪,等.新型桨尖抑制旋翼跨声速特性的影响分析[J].航空动力学报,2016,31(1):143-152.[Zhao G Q,Zhao Q J,Wu Q,et al.Analyses on inhibiting of transonic characteristics of rotor with new type bladetip[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2016,31(1):143-152.]
[8]代君,管宇峰,任淑红.多旋翼无人机研究现状与发展趋势探讨[J].赤峰学院学报(自然科学版),2016,32(16):22-24.[Dai J,Guan Y F,Ren S H.Research status and development trend of multi-rotor UAV[J].Journal of Chifeng College(Natural Science Edition),2016,32(16):22-24.]
[9]肖潇,胡林豪,鲁沁洋,等.DJI大疆创新企业战略分析[J].财讯,2016(16):112-114.[Xiao X,Hu L H,Lu Q Y,et al.Strategic analysis of DJI Dajiang innovation enterprise[J].Caixun,2016(16):112-114.]
[10]杨存建,李何超,李晓,等.基于多旋翼大疆无人机的土地利用正射遥感影像的快速获取方法研究[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(33):60-62.[Yang C J,Li H C,Li X,et al.Study on rapidly obtaining land use remote sensing image using Dajiang unmanned aircraft[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2017,45(33):60-62,64.]
[11]张啸迟,万志强,章异赢,等.旋翼固定翼复合式垂直起降飞行器概念设计研究[J].航空学报,2016,37(1):179-192.[Zhang X C,Wan Z Q,Zhang Y Y,et al.Conceptual design of rotary wing and fixed wing compound VTOL aircraft[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2016,37(1):179-192.]
[12]张啸迟.旋翼固定翼复合式垂直起降无人飞行器总体设计[D].北京:北京航空航天大学,2014:9-57.[Zhang X C.Conceptual design of rotor and fixed wing combined VTOL UAV[D].Beijing:Beihang University,2014:9-57.]
[13]匡银虎,刘明远,石矿林.四旋翼垂直起降固定翼飞行器设计[J].科技视界,2016(24):36-38.[Kuang Y H,Liu MY,Shi K L.Four-rotor vertical take-off and landing fixedwing aircraft design[J].Science&Technology Vision,2016(24):36-38.]
[14]韩志凤,李荣冰,刘建业,等.小型四旋翼飞行器动力学模型优化[J].控制工程,2013(s1):158-162.[Han Z F,Li RB,Liu J Y,et al.Model optimization of small quad-rotor in the case of center of mass offset[J].Control Engineering of China,2013(s1):158-162.]
[15]万佳,陈铭.复合式直升机前飞状态旋翼-机翼干扰计算分析[J].航空动力学报,2009,24(11):2459-2464.[Wan J,Chen M.Rotor-wing interaction analysis of a compound helicopterin forward flight[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2009,24(11):2460-2464.]
[16]邓阳平.新概念旋转机翼飞机旋翼技术研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2006:17-30.[Deng Y P.Research on rotor technology of new concept rotor/wing aircraft[D].Xi'an:Northwestern Polytechnical University,2006:17-30.]
[17]Moore M.NASA Puffin Electric Tailsitter VTOL Concept[C]//Aiaa Aviation Technology,Integration,and Operations,2013.
[18]于进勇,王超.垂直起降无人机技术发展现状与展望[J].飞航导弹,2017(5):37-42.[Yu J Y,Wang C.Development status and prospect of vertical landing and unmanned aerial vehicle technology[J].Aerodynamic Missile Journal,2017(5):37-42.]
[19]胡健波,张健.无人机遥感在生态学中的应用进展[J].生态学报,2018,38(1):20-30.[Hu J B,Zhang J.Unmanned Aerial Vehicle remote sensing in ecology:Advances and prospects.ActaEcologicaSinica,2018,38(1):20-30.]
[20]李成智,倪先平.直升机的世界:岁月之旅[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.[Li C Z,Ni X P.The world of helicopter-evolution of helicopter[M].Beijing:Beihang University Press,2007.]
[21]秦志伟.2020年中国植保无人机需求量10万架[N].中国科学报,2015-12-16(7).[Qin Z W.2020 China's plant protection drone demand 100 000[N].Journal of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2015-12-16(7).]
[22]招启军,徐国华.新型桨尖旋翼悬停气动性能试验及数值研究[J].航空学报,2009,30(3):422-429.[Zhao Q J,Xu G H.Aerodynamic performance of rotor with new type bladetip in hover based upon test and numerical investigations[J].Acta Aeronauticaet Astro-nautica Sinca,2009,30(3):422-429.]
[23]Dumont A,Le Pape A,Peter J,et al.Aerodynamic shape optimization of hovering rotors using a discrete adjoint of the RANS equations[J].Journal of the American Helicopter Society,2010,56(3):1-11.
[24]Xin M,Pan H.Robust control of PVTOL aircraft with a nonlinear optimal control solution[J].Journal of Aerospace Engineering,2010,23(4):265-275.
(1)图片来自https://baike.baidu.com/item/AV500%E6%97%A0%E4%BA%BA%E7%9B%B4%E5%8D%87%E6%9C%BA/16171952?fr=aladdin。
(2)图片来自http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1603148763884089549&wfr=spider&for=pc。
(3)图片来自https://www.cnblogs.com/northking/p/4234525.htm(l左图); https://www.wendangwang.com/doc/55010377ca47a2786397d830(右图)。
(4)图片来自http://www.tx-tech.cn/vespertilio#page3。
(5)图片来自http://news.163.com/16/0330/11/BJDC36HC000146BE_mobile.html。
(6)图片来自http://www.sohu.com/a/237372194_99973364。
(7)图片来自http://www.sunhawk.cc/product_detail/pmcId=30.html。
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