混合沉积研究进展与关键问题
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摘要
近年来,混合沉积研究已逐渐成为沉积学领域颇受关注的重要课题。在前人研究的基础上系统梳理、总结了国内外混合沉积研究所取得的进展,提出了现阶段混合沉积研究面临的主要问题。国内外混合沉积研究可划分为4个阶段:现象描述阶段、基础理论研究阶段、海相混合沉积研究阶段、陆相混合沉积及综合研究阶段。受不同地质条件的约束,混合沉积岩石学分类方案并未形成统一的标准。混合沉积成因类型一般包括间断混合、相混合、原地混合与母源混合。混合沉积现象具有普遍性,可发育于海相、淡水湖盆、咸化湖盆等各类型沉积环境中,具有多样化的沉积类型,其控制因素一般包括碎屑物质供给、气候与水体环境、海(湖)平面变化、古地貌条件、构造作用以及水动力条件等。混合沉积具有重要的油气地质意义,与三角洲伴生的近源混合沉积、水下隆起区的远源混合沉积以及藻混合沉积可形成优质的陆相混积型油气储层。现阶段混合沉积研究中主要存在以下几方面问题:岩石分类方案不统一、缺乏与野外露头剖面和现代沉积的考察对比、层序格架内混合沉积发育模式不清、传统的成因类型在复杂陆相混合沉积研究中的应用存在较大局限性、混积型储层地震响应特征不明确。针对混合沉积进行全面、深入的研究,对古地理环境恢复、沉积动力学分析及相关油气勘探具有重要的意义。
"Mixed siliciclastic and carbonate sediments" have been a focus in sedimentology during recent years. This paper systematically examines the new research advances of "mixed sediments" in China and abroad and discusses several critical issues at the present stage. The mixed sediment research process can be divided into four stages: 1) phenomenal description; 2) basic theory research; 3) research in marine environments; and 4) research in continental and other environments. There are various, but no universal standard, petrographic classifications for the mixed sediments due to different geological settings. The genetic types of mixed sediments generally include punctuated mixing, facies mixing, in situ mixing, and source mixing. The mixing process is actually quite common and can occur in marine environments, freshwater lacustrine basins, and saline lacustrine basins. Consequently, the mixed sedimentary models are varied. The mixing process is generally controlled by siliciclastic supply, climate and water environment, eustatic(lake level) changes, paleogeomorphology features, tectonic forces, and hydrodynamic conditions. Mixed sedimentation is of great petroleum geological significance. Near-source mixed sediments are associated with delta systems, and mixed sediments on underwater uplift far from the source and algal mixed sediments could be excellent lacustrine reservoirs. There are several disadvantages in current mixed sediment research : 1) inconformity of lithologic classification schemes; 2) lack of comparison research with outcrops and modern sedimentation; 3) unclarity of the mixing process in the sequence stratigraphic framework; 4) inapplicability of the traditional genetic type on complicated continental mixing processes; and 5) nonidentification of seismic responses of mixed sediments. The recovery of the paleogeographic environment, analysis of sedimentary dynamics, and petroleum exploration by comprehensive and in-depth study on mixed sediments are of great significance.
"Mixed siliciclastic and carbonate sediments" have been a focus in sedimentology during recent years. This paper systematically examines the new research advances of "mixed sediments" in China and abroad and discusses several critical issues at the present stage. The mixed sediment research process can be divided into four stages: 1) phenomenal description; 2) basic theory research; 3) research in marine environments; and 4) research in continental and other environments. There are various, but no universal standard, petrographic classifications for the mixed sediments due to different geological settings. The genetic types of mixed sediments generally include punctuated mixing, facies mixing, in situ mixing, and source mixing. The mixing process is actually quite common and can occur in marine environments, freshwater lacustrine basins, and saline lacustrine basins. Consequently, the mixed sedimentary models are varied. The mixing process is generally controlled by siliciclastic supply, climate and water environment, eustatic(lake level) changes, paleogeomorphology features, tectonic forces, and hydrodynamic conditions. Mixed sedimentation is of great petroleum geological significance. Near-source mixed sediments are associated with delta systems, and mixed sediments on underwater uplift far from the source and algal mixed sediments could be excellent lacustrine reservoirs. There are several disadvantages in current mixed sediment research : 1) inconformity of lithologic classification schemes; 2) lack of comparison research with outcrops and modern sedimentation; 3) unclarity of the mixing process in the sequence stratigraphic framework; 4) inapplicability of the traditional genetic type on complicated continental mixing processes; and 5) nonidentification of seismic responses of mixed sediments. The recovery of the paleogeographic environment, analysis of sedimentary dynamics, and petroleum exploration by comprehensive and in-depth study on mixed sediments are of great significance.
引文
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