Gakkel洋中脊基底隆起的非对称地壳结构
|
摘要
超慢速扩张的北冰洋Gakkel洋中脊具有六个沿扩张方向的线性基底隆起(本文编号为A—F).这些线性基底隆起在中轴两侧的地球物理场和地壳结构呈现不同程度的非对称性.本文利用Gakkel洋中脊的地形、空间重力异常(FAA)和航空磁力数据,计算了它的扩张速率、剩余地幔布格重力异常(RMBA)、地壳厚度和非均衡地形.根据中轴两侧地形和地壳厚度的对称关系,我们将六个基底隆起分为对称型和非对称型两种类型.整体上,B、D和F区基底隆起在中轴两侧的地形和地壳厚度的非对称幅值(两侧差值的绝对值)较小,其中地形的非对称幅值分别为～157m、～125m、～208m,地壳厚度的非对称幅值分别为～1km、～0.06km、～0.3km;而A、C和E区的非对称幅值较大,其中地形的非对称幅值分别为～510m、～410m、～673m,地壳厚度的非对称幅值分别为～2km、～2.5km、～1.1km.我们因此推断B、D和F区具有相对对称的地壳结构,而A、C和E区具有非对称的地壳结构.根据A、C和E区中轴两侧非均衡地形的对称关系和非对称地形的补偿状态,推测A区的非对称性可能是由岩浆分配不均所导致;而C区和E区的非对称性可能是由构造断层作用使断层下盘向上抬升变薄所导致.我们进一步推测洋中脊走向的改变可能使得构造作用更易集中于基底隆起的一侧.
The ultraslow-spreading Gakkel Ridge has six linear basement ridges(A-F)along the spreading direction.They show different degrees of asymmetric geophysical signatures andcrustal structures.The spreading rates,residual mantle bouguer anomaly,crustal thickness,and non-isostatic topography of Gakkel Ridge were calculated based on topographic data,free-air gravity anomaly data,and aeromagnetic data.Based on the comparison of topography and crustal thickness on conjugated flanks,we divide basement ridges into symmetric and asymmetric types.In general,the asymmetric amplitude(the absolute value of the difference between conjugated flanks)of topography and crustal thickness of basement ridges in B zone,D zone,and F zone are relatively small,and the asymmetric amplitude of topography is～157 m,～125 m,～208 m,the asymmetric amplitude of crustal thickness is ～1 km,～0.06 km,～0.3 km.However,the asymmetric amplitude of topography and crustal thickness of basement ridges in A zone,C zone and E zone are relatively large,and the asymmetric amplitude of topography is～510 m,～410 m,～673 m,the asymmetric amplitude of crustal thickness is～2 km,～2.5 km,～1.1 km.We therefore suggest that B,D,and F have a relatively symmetric crustal structures,while A,C and E have an asymmetric crustal structures.According to the asymmetry of non-isostatic topography on conjugated flanks and compensation state of asymmetric topography,the asymmetry of A zone may due to uneven distribution of magma on conjugated flanks.The asymmetry of C zone and E zone may be caused by concentrated tectonism on one flank of basement ridge.We speculate that changes in the strike of ridge may facilitated the concentration of tectonism on one flank of the Gakkel Ridge.
The ultraslow-spreading Gakkel Ridge has six linear basement ridges(A-F)along the spreading direction.They show different degrees of asymmetric geophysical signatures andcrustal structures.The spreading rates,residual mantle bouguer anomaly,crustal thickness,and non-isostatic topography of Gakkel Ridge were calculated based on topographic data,free-air gravity anomaly data,and aeromagnetic data.Based on the comparison of topography and crustal thickness on conjugated flanks,we divide basement ridges into symmetric and asymmetric types.In general,the asymmetric amplitude(the absolute value of the difference between conjugated flanks)of topography and crustal thickness of basement ridges in B zone,D zone,and F zone are relatively small,and the asymmetric amplitude of topography is～157 m,～125 m,～208 m,the asymmetric amplitude of crustal thickness is ～1 km,～0.06 km,～0.3 km.However,the asymmetric amplitude of topography and crustal thickness of basement ridges in A zone,C zone and E zone are relatively large,and the asymmetric amplitude of topography is～510 m,～410 m,～673 m,the asymmetric amplitude of crustal thickness is～2 km,～2.5 km,～1.1 km.We therefore suggest that B,D,and F have a relatively symmetric crustal structures,while A,C and E have an asymmetric crustal structures.According to the asymmetry of non-isostatic topography on conjugated flanks and compensation state of asymmetric topography,the asymmetry of A zone may due to uneven distribution of magma on conjugated flanks.The asymmetry of C zone and E zone may be caused by concentrated tectonism on one flank of basement ridge.We speculate that changes in the strike of ridge may facilitated the concentration of tectonism on one flank of the Gakkel Ridge.
引文
Blackman D K,Karner G D,Searle R C.2008.Three-dimensional structure of oceanic core complexes:Effects on gravity signature and ridge flank morphology,Mid-Atlantic Ridge,30°N.Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,9(6):Q06007,doi:10.1029/2008GC001951.
Blackman D K,Collins J A.2010.Lower crustal variability and the crust/mantle transition at the Atlantis Massif oceanic core complex.Geophysical Research Letters,37(24):L24303,doi:10.1029/2010GL045165.
Brozena J M,Childers V A,Lawver L A,et al.2003.New aerogeophysical study of the Eurasia Basin and Lomonosov Ridge:Implications for basin development.Geology,31(9):825-828,doi:10.1130/G19528.1.
Buck W R.1988.Flexural rotation of normal faults.Tectonics,7(5):959-973,doi:10.1029/TC007i005p00959.
Canales J P.2010.Small-scale structure of the Kane oceanic core complex,Mid-Atlantic Ridge 23°30′N,from waveform tomography of multichannel seismic data.Geophysical Research Letters,37(21):L21305,doi:10.1029/2010GL044412.
Cande S C,Kent D V.1995.Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity timescale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,100(B4):6093-6095,doi:10.1029/94JB03098.
Cann J R,Blackman D K,Smith D K,et al.1997.Corrugated slip surfaces formed at ridge-transform intersections on the MidAtlantic Ridge.Nature,385(6614):329-332,doi:10.1038/385329a0.
Cannat M,Rommevaux-Jestin C,Sauter D,et al.1999.Formation of the axial relief at the very slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge(49°to 69°E).Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,104(B10):22825-22843,doi:10.1029/1999JB900195.
Cannat M,Rommevaux-Jestin C,Fujimoto H.2003.Melt supply variations to a magma-poor ultra-slow spreading ridge(Southwest Indian Ridge 61°to 69°E).Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,4(8):9104,doi:10.1029/2002GC000480.
Cochran J R,Kurras G J,Edwards M H,et al.2003.The Gakkel Ridge:Bathymetry,gravity anomalies,and crustal accretion at extremely slow spreading rates.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,108(B2):2116,doi:10.1029/2002JB001830.
Cowie P A,Karner G D.1990.Gravity effect of sediment compaction:Examples from the North Sea and the Rhine Graben.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,99(1-2):141-153.
Demets C,Gordon R G,Argus D F.2010.Geologically current plate motions.Geophysical Journal International,181(1):1-80,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04491.x.
Escartín J,Smith D K,Cann J,et al.2008.Central role of detachment faults in accretion of slow-spreading oceanic lithosphere.Nature,455(7214):790-794,doi:10.1038/nature07333.
Escartín J,Canales J P.2011.Detachments in oceanic lithosphere:Deformation,magmatism,fluid flow,and ecosystems.Eos,Transactions American Geophysical Union,92(4):31,doi:10.1029/2011EO040003.
Garcés M,Gee J S.2007.Paleomagnetic evidence of large footwall rotations associated with low-angle faults at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.Geology,35(3):279-282,doi:10.1130/G23165A.1.
Georgen J E,Lin J,Dick H J B.2001.Evidence from gravity anomalies for interactions of the Marion and Bouvet hotspots with the Southwest Indian Ridge:Effects of transform offsets.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,187(3-4):283-300,doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00293-X.
Glebovsky V Y,Kaminsky V D,Minakov A N,et al.2006.Formation of the Eurasia Basin in the Arctic Ocean as inferred from geohistorical analysis of the anomalous magnetic field.Geotectonics,40(4):263-281,doi:10.1134/S0016852106040029.
Jokat W,Ritzmann O,Schmidt-Aursch M C,et al.2003.Geophysical evidence for reduced melt production on the Arctic ultraslow Gakkel mid-ocean ridge.Nature,423(6943):962-965,doi:10.1038/nature01706.
Jokat W,Micksch U.2004.Sedimentary structure of the Nansen and Amundsen basins,Arctic Ocean.Geophysical Research Letters,31(2):L02603,doi:10.1029/2003GL018352.
Karasik A M.1968.Magnetic anomalies of the Gakkel Ridge and origin of the Eurasia Subbasin of the Arctic Ocean.∥Demenitskaya RM ed.Geophysical Exploration Methods in the Arctic.Leningrad:Nauchno-Issledovatel′skii Institut Geologii Arktiki,5:8-19.
Karasik A M.1974.The Eurasia basin of the arctic ocean from the point of view of plate tectonics.∥Problems in Geology of Polar Areas of the Earth.Leningrad:Nauchno-Issledovatel′skii Institut Geologii Arktiki,23-31.
Kenyon S,Forsberg R,Coakley B.2008.New gravity field for the Arctic.Eos,Transactions American Geophysical Union,89(32):289-290.
Kuo B Y,Forsyth D W.1988.Gravity anomalies of the ridgetransform system in the South Atlantic between 31and 34.5°S:Upwelling centers and variations in crustal thickness.Marine Geophysical Researches,10(3-4):205-232,doi:10.1007/BF00310065.
Macleod C J,Escartin J,Banerji D,et al.2002.Direct geological evidence for oceanic detachment faulting:The Mid-Atlantic Ridge,15°45′N.Geology,30(10):879-882,doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002)0302.0.CO;2.
Müller R D,Sdrolias M,Gaina C,et al.2008.Age,spreading rates,and spreading asymmetry of the world′s ocean crust.Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,9(4):Q04006,doi:10.1029/2007GC001743.
Macleod C J,Carlut J,Escartín J,et al.2011.Quantitative constraint on footwall rotations at the 15°45′N oceanic core complex,MidAtlantic Ridge:Implications for oceanic detachment fault processes.Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,12(5):Q0AG03,doi:10.1029/2011GC003503.
Mendel V,Munschy M,Sauter D.2005.MODMAG,a MATLABprogram to model marine magnetic anomalies.Computers&Geosciences,31(5):589-597,doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2004.11.007.
Michael P J,Langmuir C H,Dick H J B,et al.2003.Magmatic and amagmatic seafloor generation at the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge,Arctic Ocean.Nature,423(6943):956-961,doi:10.1038/nature01704.
Montési L G J,Behn M D,Hebert L B,et al.2011.Controls on melt migration and extraction at the ultraslow Southwest Indian Ridge 10°-16°E.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,116(B10):B10102,doi:10.1029/2011JB008259.
Neumann G A,Forsyth D W.1993.The paradox of the axial profile:Isostatic compensation along the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,98(B10):17891-17910,doi:10.1029/93JB01550.
Nikishin A M,Gaina C,Petrov E I,et al.2017.Eurasia basin and Gakkel ridge,arctic ocean:Crustal asymmetry,ultra-slow spreading and continental rifting revealed by new seismic data.Tectonophysics,746:64-82,doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2017.09.006.
Olive J A,Behn M D,Ito G,et al.2015.Sensitivity of seafloor bathymetry to climate-driven fluctuations in mid-ocean ridge magma supply.Science,350(6258):310-313,doi:10.1126/science.aad0715.
Parker R L.1973.The rapid calculation of potential anomalies.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,31(4):447-455,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1973.tb06513.x.
Schlindwein V,Schmid F.2016.Mid-ocean-ridge seismicity reveals extreme types of ocean lithosphere.Nature,535(7611):276-279,doi:10.1038/nature18277.
Schmidt-Aursch M C,Jokat W.2016.3Dgravity modelling reveals off-axis crustal thickness variations along the western Gakkel Ridge(Arctic Ocean).Tectonophysics,691:85-97,doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2016.03.021.
Schouten H,Smith D K,Cann J R,et al.2010.Tectonic versus magmatic extension in the presence of core complexes at slowspreading ridges from a visualization of faulted seafloor topography.Geology,38(7):615-618,doi:10.1130/G30803.1.
Searle R C,Bralee A V.2007.Asymmetric generation of oceanic crust at the ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian ridge,64°E.Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,8(5):Q05015,doi:10.1029/2006GC001529.
Severinghaus J P,Macdonald K C.1988.High inside corners at ridge-transform intersections.Marine Geophysical Researches,9(4):353-367,doi:10.1007/BF00315005.
Standish J J,Dick H J B,Michael P J,et al.2008.MORBgeneration beneath the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge(9-25°E):Major element chemistry and the importance of process versus source.Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,9(5):Q05004,doi:10.1029/2008GC001959.
Tucholke B E,Lin J.1994.A geological model for the structure of ridge segments in slow spreading ocean crust.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,99(B6):11937-11958,doi:10.1029/94JB00338.
Tucholke B E,Behn M D,Buck W R,et al.2008.Role of melt supply in oceanic detachment faulting and formation of megamullions.Geology,36(6):455-458.
Vogt P R,Taylor P T,Kovacs L C,et al.1979.Detailed aeromagnetic investigation of the Arctic Basin.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,84(B3):1071-1089,doi:10.1029/JB084iB03p01071.
Wang T T,Tucholke B E,Lin J.2015.Spatial and temporal variations in crustal production at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge,25°N-27°30′Nand 0-27Ma.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,120(4):2119-2142,doi:10.1002/2014JB011501.
Zhang T,Gao J Y,Wang W,et al.2018.Asymmetric spreading rates and crustal structures of the Mohns Ridge since 20 Ma.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),61(8):3263-3277,doi:10.6038/cjg2018L0583.
张涛,高金耀,王威等.2018.20Ma以来Mohns洋中脊的非对称扩张速率与地壳结构.地球物理学报,61(8):3263-3277,doi:10.6038/cjg2018L0583.
Blackman D K,Collins J A.2010.Lower crustal variability and the crust/mantle transition at the Atlantis Massif oceanic core complex.Geophysical Research Letters,37(24):L24303,doi:10.1029/2010GL045165.
Brozena J M,Childers V A,Lawver L A,et al.2003.New aerogeophysical study of the Eurasia Basin and Lomonosov Ridge:Implications for basin development.Geology,31(9):825-828,doi:10.1130/G19528.1.
Buck W R.1988.Flexural rotation of normal faults.Tectonics,7(5):959-973,doi:10.1029/TC007i005p00959.
Canales J P.2010.Small-scale structure of the Kane oceanic core complex,Mid-Atlantic Ridge 23°30′N,from waveform tomography of multichannel seismic data.Geophysical Research Letters,37(21):L21305,doi:10.1029/2010GL044412.
Cande S C,Kent D V.1995.Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity timescale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,100(B4):6093-6095,doi:10.1029/94JB03098.
Cann J R,Blackman D K,Smith D K,et al.1997.Corrugated slip surfaces formed at ridge-transform intersections on the MidAtlantic Ridge.Nature,385(6614):329-332,doi:10.1038/385329a0.
Cannat M,Rommevaux-Jestin C,Sauter D,et al.1999.Formation of the axial relief at the very slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge(49°to 69°E).Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,104(B10):22825-22843,doi:10.1029/1999JB900195.
Cannat M,Rommevaux-Jestin C,Fujimoto H.2003.Melt supply variations to a magma-poor ultra-slow spreading ridge(Southwest Indian Ridge 61°to 69°E).Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,4(8):9104,doi:10.1029/2002GC000480.
Cochran J R,Kurras G J,Edwards M H,et al.2003.The Gakkel Ridge:Bathymetry,gravity anomalies,and crustal accretion at extremely slow spreading rates.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,108(B2):2116,doi:10.1029/2002JB001830.
Cowie P A,Karner G D.1990.Gravity effect of sediment compaction:Examples from the North Sea and the Rhine Graben.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,99(1-2):141-153.
Demets C,Gordon R G,Argus D F.2010.Geologically current plate motions.Geophysical Journal International,181(1):1-80,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04491.x.
Escartín J,Smith D K,Cann J,et al.2008.Central role of detachment faults in accretion of slow-spreading oceanic lithosphere.Nature,455(7214):790-794,doi:10.1038/nature07333.
Escartín J,Canales J P.2011.Detachments in oceanic lithosphere:Deformation,magmatism,fluid flow,and ecosystems.Eos,Transactions American Geophysical Union,92(4):31,doi:10.1029/2011EO040003.
Garcés M,Gee J S.2007.Paleomagnetic evidence of large footwall rotations associated with low-angle faults at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.Geology,35(3):279-282,doi:10.1130/G23165A.1.
Georgen J E,Lin J,Dick H J B.2001.Evidence from gravity anomalies for interactions of the Marion and Bouvet hotspots with the Southwest Indian Ridge:Effects of transform offsets.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,187(3-4):283-300,doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00293-X.
Glebovsky V Y,Kaminsky V D,Minakov A N,et al.2006.Formation of the Eurasia Basin in the Arctic Ocean as inferred from geohistorical analysis of the anomalous magnetic field.Geotectonics,40(4):263-281,doi:10.1134/S0016852106040029.
Jokat W,Ritzmann O,Schmidt-Aursch M C,et al.2003.Geophysical evidence for reduced melt production on the Arctic ultraslow Gakkel mid-ocean ridge.Nature,423(6943):962-965,doi:10.1038/nature01706.
Jokat W,Micksch U.2004.Sedimentary structure of the Nansen and Amundsen basins,Arctic Ocean.Geophysical Research Letters,31(2):L02603,doi:10.1029/2003GL018352.
Karasik A M.1968.Magnetic anomalies of the Gakkel Ridge and origin of the Eurasia Subbasin of the Arctic Ocean.∥Demenitskaya RM ed.Geophysical Exploration Methods in the Arctic.Leningrad:Nauchno-Issledovatel′skii Institut Geologii Arktiki,5:8-19.
Karasik A M.1974.The Eurasia basin of the arctic ocean from the point of view of plate tectonics.∥Problems in Geology of Polar Areas of the Earth.Leningrad:Nauchno-Issledovatel′skii Institut Geologii Arktiki,23-31.
Kenyon S,Forsberg R,Coakley B.2008.New gravity field for the Arctic.Eos,Transactions American Geophysical Union,89(32):289-290.
Kuo B Y,Forsyth D W.1988.Gravity anomalies of the ridgetransform system in the South Atlantic between 31and 34.5°S:Upwelling centers and variations in crustal thickness.Marine Geophysical Researches,10(3-4):205-232,doi:10.1007/BF00310065.
Macleod C J,Escartin J,Banerji D,et al.2002.Direct geological evidence for oceanic detachment faulting:The Mid-Atlantic Ridge,15°45′N.Geology,30(10):879-882,doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002)0302.0.CO;2.
Müller R D,Sdrolias M,Gaina C,et al.2008.Age,spreading rates,and spreading asymmetry of the world′s ocean crust.Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,9(4):Q04006,doi:10.1029/2007GC001743.
Macleod C J,Carlut J,Escartín J,et al.2011.Quantitative constraint on footwall rotations at the 15°45′N oceanic core complex,MidAtlantic Ridge:Implications for oceanic detachment fault processes.Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,12(5):Q0AG03,doi:10.1029/2011GC003503.
Mendel V,Munschy M,Sauter D.2005.MODMAG,a MATLABprogram to model marine magnetic anomalies.Computers&Geosciences,31(5):589-597,doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2004.11.007.
Michael P J,Langmuir C H,Dick H J B,et al.2003.Magmatic and amagmatic seafloor generation at the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge,Arctic Ocean.Nature,423(6943):956-961,doi:10.1038/nature01704.
Montési L G J,Behn M D,Hebert L B,et al.2011.Controls on melt migration and extraction at the ultraslow Southwest Indian Ridge 10°-16°E.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,116(B10):B10102,doi:10.1029/2011JB008259.
Neumann G A,Forsyth D W.1993.The paradox of the axial profile:Isostatic compensation along the axis of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,98(B10):17891-17910,doi:10.1029/93JB01550.
Nikishin A M,Gaina C,Petrov E I,et al.2017.Eurasia basin and Gakkel ridge,arctic ocean:Crustal asymmetry,ultra-slow spreading and continental rifting revealed by new seismic data.Tectonophysics,746:64-82,doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2017.09.006.
Olive J A,Behn M D,Ito G,et al.2015.Sensitivity of seafloor bathymetry to climate-driven fluctuations in mid-ocean ridge magma supply.Science,350(6258):310-313,doi:10.1126/science.aad0715.
Parker R L.1973.The rapid calculation of potential anomalies.Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society,31(4):447-455,doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1973.tb06513.x.
Schlindwein V,Schmid F.2016.Mid-ocean-ridge seismicity reveals extreme types of ocean lithosphere.Nature,535(7611):276-279,doi:10.1038/nature18277.
Schmidt-Aursch M C,Jokat W.2016.3Dgravity modelling reveals off-axis crustal thickness variations along the western Gakkel Ridge(Arctic Ocean).Tectonophysics,691:85-97,doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2016.03.021.
Schouten H,Smith D K,Cann J R,et al.2010.Tectonic versus magmatic extension in the presence of core complexes at slowspreading ridges from a visualization of faulted seafloor topography.Geology,38(7):615-618,doi:10.1130/G30803.1.
Searle R C,Bralee A V.2007.Asymmetric generation of oceanic crust at the ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian ridge,64°E.Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,8(5):Q05015,doi:10.1029/2006GC001529.
Severinghaus J P,Macdonald K C.1988.High inside corners at ridge-transform intersections.Marine Geophysical Researches,9(4):353-367,doi:10.1007/BF00315005.
Standish J J,Dick H J B,Michael P J,et al.2008.MORBgeneration beneath the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge(9-25°E):Major element chemistry and the importance of process versus source.Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,9(5):Q05004,doi:10.1029/2008GC001959.
Tucholke B E,Lin J.1994.A geological model for the structure of ridge segments in slow spreading ocean crust.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,99(B6):11937-11958,doi:10.1029/94JB00338.
Tucholke B E,Behn M D,Buck W R,et al.2008.Role of melt supply in oceanic detachment faulting and formation of megamullions.Geology,36(6):455-458.
Vogt P R,Taylor P T,Kovacs L C,et al.1979.Detailed aeromagnetic investigation of the Arctic Basin.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,84(B3):1071-1089,doi:10.1029/JB084iB03p01071.
Wang T T,Tucholke B E,Lin J.2015.Spatial and temporal variations in crustal production at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge,25°N-27°30′Nand 0-27Ma.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,120(4):2119-2142,doi:10.1002/2014JB011501.
Zhang T,Gao J Y,Wang W,et al.2018.Asymmetric spreading rates and crustal structures of the Mohns Ridge since 20 Ma.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),61(8):3263-3277,doi:10.6038/cjg2018L0583.
张涛,高金耀,王威等.2018.20Ma以来Mohns洋中脊的非对称扩张速率与地壳结构.地球物理学报,61(8):3263-3277,doi:10.6038/cjg2018L0583.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |