安庆市西江浮游植物群落多样性时空格局
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摘要
为了解西江长江江豚Neophocaena asiaeorientalis保护区浮游植物的群落特征和水质状况,于2017年4个季节(3、6、9、12月),设5个采样断面15个采样点对西江浮游植物群落密度和生物量进行了周年调查。结果表明:共鉴定出浮游植物7门104种,其中绿藻门58种,硅藻门19种,蓝藻门14种,金藻门4种,隐藻门、裸藻门、甲藻门各3种;浮游植物种类季节性差异明显,冬季种类数最多,为73种,秋季种类数最少,为48种;浮游植物密度和生物量4个季节平均值分别为4.88×10~7 cells/L和12.11 mg/L,4个季节浮游植物密度和生物量均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),秋季生物量和密度均高于其他3个季节,浮游植物群落结构季节性差异明显;浮游植物空间格局上也存在较大差异,密度和生物量在空间变化与环境因子中的TN、TP、NH_3-N含量变化趋势相一致,且不同时空格局均以蓝藻门密度和生物量为主;西江在不同季节共发现浮游植物优势种类群为17种,不同季节差异明显;利用卡尔森营养状态指数评价西江水质,水体营养状态为贫营养级,定性评价水质为优;冗余分析(RDA)显示,水温、DO、NH_3-N、COD、pH是影响浮游植物群落结构动态变化的重要环境因子。研究表明,西江长江江豚迁地保护区浮游植物群落结构稳定,水质良好,适合长江江豚生存与繁育。
The phytoplankton community density and biomass were surveyed in five sampling sections and 15 sampling sites in the ex situ conservation area of the Xijiang River in Anqing in March(spring), June(summer), September(autumn)and December(winter) of 2017 to evaluate characteristics of phytoplankton community and water quality in Xijiang River. The results showed that a total of 104 species were identified, including 58 species of Chlorophyta, 19 species of Bacillariophyta, 14 species of Cyanobacteria, 4 species of Chrysophyceae, and 3 species of Cryptophyta, Euglena and Dinoflagellate, with seasonal differences in phytoplankton species, with the maximal species(73) in winter and the minimal species(48) in autumn. The variance analysis revealed that there were significant differences in phytoplankton density and biomass in the four seasons(P<0.05), with average phytoplankton density of 4.88×10~7 cells/L and phytoplankton biomass of 12.11 mg/L, higher in autumn than those in the other seasons, and the seasonal significant differences in phytoplankton community structure. There were also large differences in the spatial pattern of phytoplankton, and the density and biomass were consistent with the concentration trend of TN, TP and NH_3-N in spatial changes and environmental factors. The cyanobacterial density and biomass were dominated in different spatial and temporal patterns, and a total of 17 dominant species of phytoplankton species were found in different seasons in Xijiang River, with significant differences in different seasons. The evaluation of Carlson Nutritional Status Index indicated that the water quality in the Xijiang River was oligotrophic in the nutrient status of the water body. The qualitative evaluation revealed that the water quality was excellent. It was found that the phytoplankton community structure in the Xijiang oxbow the Yangtze finless porpoise ex situ Conservation area was stable and that the water quality was good, which is suitable for the survival and breeding of Yangtze finless porpoise. Redundancy analysis(RDA) indicated that the important environmental factors affecting the dynamic changes of phytoplankton community structure were pH, water temperature, DO, NH_3-N and COD.
The phytoplankton community density and biomass were surveyed in five sampling sections and 15 sampling sites in the ex situ conservation area of the Xijiang River in Anqing in March(spring), June(summer), September(autumn)and December(winter) of 2017 to evaluate characteristics of phytoplankton community and water quality in Xijiang River. The results showed that a total of 104 species were identified, including 58 species of Chlorophyta, 19 species of Bacillariophyta, 14 species of Cyanobacteria, 4 species of Chrysophyceae, and 3 species of Cryptophyta, Euglena and Dinoflagellate, with seasonal differences in phytoplankton species, with the maximal species(73) in winter and the minimal species(48) in autumn. The variance analysis revealed that there were significant differences in phytoplankton density and biomass in the four seasons(P<0.05), with average phytoplankton density of 4.88×10~7 cells/L and phytoplankton biomass of 12.11 mg/L, higher in autumn than those in the other seasons, and the seasonal significant differences in phytoplankton community structure. There were also large differences in the spatial pattern of phytoplankton, and the density and biomass were consistent with the concentration trend of TN, TP and NH_3-N in spatial changes and environmental factors. The cyanobacterial density and biomass were dominated in different spatial and temporal patterns, and a total of 17 dominant species of phytoplankton species were found in different seasons in Xijiang River, with significant differences in different seasons. The evaluation of Carlson Nutritional Status Index indicated that the water quality in the Xijiang River was oligotrophic in the nutrient status of the water body. The qualitative evaluation revealed that the water quality was excellent. It was found that the phytoplankton community structure in the Xijiang oxbow the Yangtze finless porpoise ex situ Conservation area was stable and that the water quality was good, which is suitable for the survival and breeding of Yangtze finless porpoise. Redundancy analysis(RDA) indicated that the important environmental factors affecting the dynamic changes of phytoplankton community structure were pH, water temperature, DO, NH_3-N and COD.
引文
[1] 张晓可,刘凯,万安,等.安庆西江浮游动物群落结构及江豚生存状况评估[J].水生生物学报,2018,42(2):392-399.
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[4] 王明翠,刘雪芹,张建辉.湖泊富营养化评价方法及分级标准[J].中国环境监测,2002,18(5):47-49.
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[7] 张晓举,赵升.莱州湾西部浮游植物群落与环境因子关系的研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(4):532-538.
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[9] 胡玉婷,江河,卢文轩,等.安徽太平湖浮游生物调查与鲢鳙鱼产力评估[J].安徽农业大学学报,2017,44(2):234-241.
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[19] 周然,彭士涛,覃雪波,等.渤海湾浮游植物与环境因子关系的多元分析[J].环境科学,2013,34(3):864-873.
[20] da Silva C A,Train S,Rodrigues L C.Phytoplankton assemblages in a Brazilian subtropical cascading reservoir system[J].Hydrobiologia,2005,537(1-3):99-109.
[21] 陈立婧,吴竹臣,胡忠军,等.上海崇明岛明珠湖浮游植物群落结构[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(6):1599-1605.
[22] 蓝文陆,彭小燕.茅尾海富营养化程度及其对浮游植物生物量的影响[J].广西科学院学报,2011,27(2):109-112,116.
[23] 景钰湘.上海滴水湖浮游藻类群落结构特征及水质评价[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2012.
[24] 李强,王国祥,潘国权,等.水体浊度对菹草萌发及萌发苗光合荧光特性的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3594-3601.
[25] 朱瑶,廖文根,冯顺新,等.长江江豚栖息地特性分析[C]//第四届全国水力学与水利信息学学术大会论文集.西安:中国水利学会,2009:140-146.
[26] Zhang Xiaoke,Yu Daoping,Wang Huili,et al.Effects of fish community on occurrences of Yangtze finless porpoise in confluence of the Yangtze and Wanhe Rivers[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(12):9524-9533.
[27] 黄丹,沈建忠,胡少迪,等.长江天鹅洲故道浮游动物群落结构及水质评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(3):328-334.
[28] 于道平,蒋文华,糜励.半自然水域中长江江豚食性与摄食行为的初步观察[J].兽类学报,2003,23(3):198-202.
[29] 张晓可,于道平,王慧丽,等.长江安庆段江豚主要栖息地鱼类群落结构[J].生态学报,2016,36(7):1832-1839.
[2] Vasi I G,Kalintha B P.Amino acid composition of leafy vegetables[J].J Inst Chemists,1980,152:13-16.
[3] 陈宇炜,高锡云.浮游植物叶绿素a含量测定方法的比较测定[J].湖泊科学,2000,12(2):185-188.
[4] 王明翠,刘雪芹,张建辉.湖泊富营养化评价方法及分级标准[J].中国环境监测,2002,18(5):47-49.
[5] 金相灿,屠清瑛.湖泊富营养化调查规范[M].2版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990.
[6] 李怀国,杨长明,王育来.巢湖水质现状及浮游生物群落结构特征[J].安徽农业科学,2007,45(22):13-16.
[7] 张晓举,赵升.莱州湾西部浮游植物群落与环境因子关系的研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(4):532-538.
[8] 胡俊,杨玉霞,池仕运,等.邙山提灌站浮游植物群落结构空间变化对环境因子的响应[J].生态学报,2017,37(3):1054-1062.
[9] 胡玉婷,江河,卢文轩,等.安徽太平湖浮游生物调查与鲢鳙鱼产力评估[J].安徽农业大学学报,2017,44(2):234-241.
[10] 王友亮,姚宏禄,吴乃薇,等.主养青鱼高产池塘的浮游植物和有机碎屑[J].水产学报,1994,18(4):297-304.
[11] 胡韧.珠海水库富营养化现状、浮游植物群落特征与蓝藻水华风险分析[D].广州:暨南大学,2009.
[12] 刘霞,陆晓华,陈宇炜.太湖浮游硅藻时空演化与环境因子的关系[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(4):821-827.
[13] 李秋华,陈丽丽,夏品华,等.贵州百花湖麦西河河口浮游植物群落结构及与环境因子关系[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(4):612-618.
[14] 高子涵,孟宪智,周绪申.大通湖浮游植物群落结构与环境因子关系[J].水利信息化,2016(5):21-30.
[15] 胡韧,熊江霞,韩博平.具有短水力滞留的小型富营养化水库浮游植物群落结构与动态[J].生态环境,2008,17(4):1319-1326.
[16] 傅明珠,孙萍,孙霞,等.锦州湾浮游植物群落结构特征及其对环境变化的响应[J].生态学报,2014,34(13):3650-3660.
[17] 邱小琮,赵红雪.宁夏沙湖浮游植物群落结构及多样性研究[J].水生态学杂志,2011,32(1):20-26.
[18] 孔繁翔,宋立荣.蓝藻水华形成过程及其环境特征研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[19] 周然,彭士涛,覃雪波,等.渤海湾浮游植物与环境因子关系的多元分析[J].环境科学,2013,34(3):864-873.
[20] da Silva C A,Train S,Rodrigues L C.Phytoplankton assemblages in a Brazilian subtropical cascading reservoir system[J].Hydrobiologia,2005,537(1-3):99-109.
[21] 陈立婧,吴竹臣,胡忠军,等.上海崇明岛明珠湖浮游植物群落结构[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(6):1599-1605.
[22] 蓝文陆,彭小燕.茅尾海富营养化程度及其对浮游植物生物量的影响[J].广西科学院学报,2011,27(2):109-112,116.
[23] 景钰湘.上海滴水湖浮游藻类群落结构特征及水质评价[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2012.
[24] 李强,王国祥,潘国权,等.水体浊度对菹草萌发及萌发苗光合荧光特性的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(11):3594-3601.
[25] 朱瑶,廖文根,冯顺新,等.长江江豚栖息地特性分析[C]//第四届全国水力学与水利信息学学术大会论文集.西安:中国水利学会,2009:140-146.
[26] Zhang Xiaoke,Yu Daoping,Wang Huili,et al.Effects of fish community on occurrences of Yangtze finless porpoise in confluence of the Yangtze and Wanhe Rivers[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(12):9524-9533.
[27] 黄丹,沈建忠,胡少迪,等.长江天鹅洲故道浮游动物群落结构及水质评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(3):328-334.
[28] 于道平,蒋文华,糜励.半自然水域中长江江豚食性与摄食行为的初步观察[J].兽类学报,2003,23(3):198-202.
[29] 张晓可,于道平,王慧丽,等.长江安庆段江豚主要栖息地鱼类群落结构[J].生态学报,2016,36(7):1832-1839.
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