优质鲜食黄肉猕猴桃新品种‘金圆’的选育及特性分析
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摘要
‘金圆’是以种间杂交品种‘金艳’(Actinidia chinensis×A. eriantha)为母本、中华猕猴桃(A. chinensis Planch.)为父本,从回交F1代群体中选育出的中熟黄肉猕猴桃新品种。通过对‘金圆’植物学性状、特异性、营养成分、贮藏性等进行研究,结果显示:‘金圆’果实为短圆形,单果重80～100 g,软熟时果肉橙黄色,质细味浓;‘金圆’的花瓣数和花丝数与母本‘金艳’接近,花冠直径和柱头数较‘金艳’分别增大了9.31%和52%,而花柄长度比‘金艳’短16.75%;萌芽率和果枝率略低于‘金艳’,但比‘海沃德’高出55.26%和43.33%;‘金圆’的可溶性固形物、总糖和可滴定酸含量与‘金艳’相当,但维生素C含量比‘金艳’高4.63%,是‘海沃德’的2.2倍;‘金圆’矿质元素含量丰富,P和K含量分别比‘金艳’高30.86%和22.53%,Mg含量比‘海沃德’高24. 86%;‘金圆’的总氨基酸含量丰富(8 mg/g),E/N和E/T值均高于‘金艳’和‘海沃德’,更接近于理想模式;‘金圆’在低温下(1～2℃,相对湿度90%～95%)贮藏150 d时,好果率在80%以上,200 d后,好果率仍有65%,贮藏性略低于‘金艳’,但显著高于‘海沃德’。利用Geo7-223分子标记扩增‘金圆’基因组得到3个条带,表明其与‘金艳’和‘金桃’在分子水平上具有一定差异。本研究表明‘金圆’具有良好的农艺性状和品质特性。
‘Jinyuan' is a kiwifruit cultivar bred in 2002 by backcrossing interspecific hybrid cultivar ‘Jinyan'( A. chinensis × A. eriantha) as the female parent and Chinese kiwifruit( A.chinensis) as the male parent,which produced the medium-mature yellow fruit from the F1 group. The botanical characters,specificity,nutrient composition,and storage ability of the‘Jinyuan'kiwifruit were studied in this paper. Results showed that the ‘Jinyuan'fruit had a short columnar shape,with a weight of 80-100 g. The flesh of the soft ripening fruit was orange-yellow,and the number of petals and filaments were close to those of its female parent‘Jinyan'. The corolla diameter and number of stigmas were 9.31% and 52% higher than that of ‘Jinyan ', respectively. The length of the flower stalk was 16.75% lower, and the germination and fruit branching rates were also slightly lower than that of ‘Jinyan'but were55.26% and 43.33% higher than the ‘Hayward'variety,respectively. The contents of soluble solids,total sugar,and organic acids in ‘Jinyuan'were similar to those of ‘Jinyan',but vitamin C content was 4.63% higher than ‘Jinyan'and 2.2 times higher than ‘Hayward '.‘Jinyuan'exhibited mineral element richness,with P and K content 30.86% and 22.53%higher than that of ‘Jinyan',respectively,and with Mg content 24.86% higher than that of‘Hayward'.‘Jinyuan'also demonstrated abundant amino acid content( 8 mg/g),and the E/N and E/T values were higher than those of ‘Jinyan'and ‘Hayward ',close to the ideal model. After 150 d of storage in a harsh environment( T: 1℃-2℃,RH: 90%-95%),the good fruit rate was above 80%. After 200 d of storage,the good fruit rate was still 65%. The‘Jinyuan'storage property was slightly lower than that of ‘Jinyan',but significantly higher than that of ‘Hayward'. Three bands were observed after amplification by Geo7-223,which were different from those of ‘Jinyan'and ‘Jintao ' at the molecular level,thus exhibiting specificity. Therefore,the ‘Jinyuan'kiwifruit possessed good agronomic characteristics and quality,which provides a choice for improving yellow-fleshed kiwifruit and responding to market demand.
‘Jinyuan' is a kiwifruit cultivar bred in 2002 by backcrossing interspecific hybrid cultivar ‘Jinyan'( A. chinensis × A. eriantha) as the female parent and Chinese kiwifruit( A.chinensis) as the male parent,which produced the medium-mature yellow fruit from the F1 group. The botanical characters,specificity,nutrient composition,and storage ability of the‘Jinyuan'kiwifruit were studied in this paper. Results showed that the ‘Jinyuan'fruit had a short columnar shape,with a weight of 80-100 g. The flesh of the soft ripening fruit was orange-yellow,and the number of petals and filaments were close to those of its female parent‘Jinyan'. The corolla diameter and number of stigmas were 9.31% and 52% higher than that of ‘Jinyan ', respectively. The length of the flower stalk was 16.75% lower, and the germination and fruit branching rates were also slightly lower than that of ‘Jinyan'but were55.26% and 43.33% higher than the ‘Hayward'variety,respectively. The contents of soluble solids,total sugar,and organic acids in ‘Jinyuan'were similar to those of ‘Jinyan',but vitamin C content was 4.63% higher than ‘Jinyan'and 2.2 times higher than ‘Hayward '.‘Jinyuan'exhibited mineral element richness,with P and K content 30.86% and 22.53%higher than that of ‘Jinyan',respectively,and with Mg content 24.86% higher than that of‘Hayward'.‘Jinyuan'also demonstrated abundant amino acid content( 8 mg/g),and the E/N and E/T values were higher than those of ‘Jinyan'and ‘Hayward ',close to the ideal model. After 150 d of storage in a harsh environment( T: 1℃-2℃,RH: 90%-95%),the good fruit rate was above 80%. After 200 d of storage,the good fruit rate was still 65%. The‘Jinyuan'storage property was slightly lower than that of ‘Jinyan',but significantly higher than that of ‘Hayward'. Three bands were observed after amplification by Geo7-223,which were different from those of ‘Jinyan'and ‘Jintao ' at the molecular level,thus exhibiting specificity. Therefore,the ‘Jinyuan'kiwifruit possessed good agronomic characteristics and quality,which provides a choice for improving yellow-fleshed kiwifruit and responding to market demand.
引文
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