进入内陆的两个台风降水特征对比分析
|
摘要
2012年8月台风海葵和2014年7月台风麦德姆登陆进入安徽省后,均造成了区域性暴雨或大暴雨天气。利用常规观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和雨滴谱资料,对这两个直接影响安徽省的台风移动路径和暴雨形成机制进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)海葵和麦德姆的移动路径、停留时间和强降水分布特征有明显不同。与海葵相比,麦德姆的移动速度快、降水持续时间短、累计降雨量和暴雨范围较小;但其短时强降水持续时间长、暴雨中心降水强度更大。(2)海葵和麦德姆降水过程中均有强的水汽输送和辐合,但水汽输送方向的差异使得海葵和麦德姆的强降水空间分布分别呈纬向型和经向型特征。同时水汽辐合持续时间决定了麦德姆的降水持续时间比海葵短,但其较深厚的强水汽辐合使得麦德姆的短时强降水持续时间长、暴雨中心降水强度大。(3)海葵是以稳定性降水为主的混合型降水,麦德姆则呈现出明显的对流性降水特征;两次台风降水过程中均是短时间的对流性降水对总降雨量贡献最大,且强降水区域均位于风垂直切变的顺风切左侧。(4)麦德姆降水过程比海葵具有更高的雨滴数浓度和更大的降水粒子直径。当雨强小于10 mm/h时,两次台风降水过程均以小雨滴为主且数浓度较大;雨强>10 mm/h时,雨滴粒径增大但数浓度明显降低。(5)两次台风降水过程的雷达反射率因子-雨强(Z-R)均有较好的指数关系且拟合曲线比较一致,但在不同降水类型即层云降水和对流性降水中,其Z-R关系的a、b值差异较明显。因此,针对不同降水类型,应采用分型Z-R关系来进行雷达降水定量估测。
Typhoon Haikui and Matmo made landfall in China and passed through Anhui Province in August 2012 and July 2014, respectively. Both of them caused regional heavy rainstorm in Anhui Province. By using daily observational data, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and raindrop size distributions observed at Chuzhou, the tracks and the mechanisms of the rainstorms caused by the two typhoons are analyzed and compared. The results are as follows:(1) Typhoon Haikui and Matmo were distinctly different in their moving paths. The lasting time and heavy rainfall distributions of the rainstorms caused by the two typhoons were also quite different. Compared with Haikui, Matmo was characterized by faster moving speed, shorter rainfall duration, smaller cumulative rainfall and rainstorm range. In addition, the heavy rainfall duration associated with Matmo was longer and the precipitation intensity of the rainstorm center was greater.(2) Although strong water vapor transport and convergence occurred during the precipitation process associated with both Haikui and Matmo, their spatial and temporal distributions were different. Due to different water vapor transports, the heavy rainfall distribution of Haikui exhibited a zonal pattern,while that of Matmo showed a meridional pattern. Furthermore, the duration of moisture convergence can explain why the Matmo's rainfall duration was shorter than that of Haikui. However, the deep moisture convergence of Matmo made the heavy rainfall last longer and enhanced the rainfall intensity at the rainstorm center.(3) The precipitation of Haikui was a mixed type with the majority being stratiform precipitation, while the precipitation of Matmo was characterized by convective precipitation. During both of the two typhoon precipitation processes, short-period convective precipitation made large contribution to the total rainfall, and heavy rainfall mostly occurred on the left side of the area where environmental vertical wind shear occurred.(4) Matmo had higher raindrop concentration and larger raindrop size than Haikui. When the rainfall intensity is less than 10 mm/h, a large number of small raindrops contributed to the precipitation in both typhoons. On the contrary, when rainfall intensity is higher than 10 mm/h, the raindrop size increased while the number decreased.(5) The two typhoon precipitation processes showed a good exponential relationship between Z and R, which is consistent with their fitting curves. However, for different precipitation types of stratiform and convective precipitation, the values of a and b are obviously different in the Z-R relationship. Therefore, for different types of precipitation, different Z-R relationships should be used to estimate precipitation based on radar observations.
Typhoon Haikui and Matmo made landfall in China and passed through Anhui Province in August 2012 and July 2014, respectively. Both of them caused regional heavy rainstorm in Anhui Province. By using daily observational data, the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and raindrop size distributions observed at Chuzhou, the tracks and the mechanisms of the rainstorms caused by the two typhoons are analyzed and compared. The results are as follows:(1) Typhoon Haikui and Matmo were distinctly different in their moving paths. The lasting time and heavy rainfall distributions of the rainstorms caused by the two typhoons were also quite different. Compared with Haikui, Matmo was characterized by faster moving speed, shorter rainfall duration, smaller cumulative rainfall and rainstorm range. In addition, the heavy rainfall duration associated with Matmo was longer and the precipitation intensity of the rainstorm center was greater.(2) Although strong water vapor transport and convergence occurred during the precipitation process associated with both Haikui and Matmo, their spatial and temporal distributions were different. Due to different water vapor transports, the heavy rainfall distribution of Haikui exhibited a zonal pattern,while that of Matmo showed a meridional pattern. Furthermore, the duration of moisture convergence can explain why the Matmo's rainfall duration was shorter than that of Haikui. However, the deep moisture convergence of Matmo made the heavy rainfall last longer and enhanced the rainfall intensity at the rainstorm center.(3) The precipitation of Haikui was a mixed type with the majority being stratiform precipitation, while the precipitation of Matmo was characterized by convective precipitation. During both of the two typhoon precipitation processes, short-period convective precipitation made large contribution to the total rainfall, and heavy rainfall mostly occurred on the left side of the area where environmental vertical wind shear occurred.(4) Matmo had higher raindrop concentration and larger raindrop size than Haikui. When the rainfall intensity is less than 10 mm/h, a large number of small raindrops contributed to the precipitation in both typhoons. On the contrary, when rainfall intensity is higher than 10 mm/h, the raindrop size increased while the number decreased.(5) The two typhoon precipitation processes showed a good exponential relationship between Z and R, which is consistent with their fitting curves. However, for different precipitation types of stratiform and convective precipitation, the values of a and b are obviously different in the Z-R relationship. Therefore, for different types of precipitation, different Z-R relationships should be used to estimate precipitation based on radar observations.
引文
陈联寿,丁一汇.1979.西太平洋台风概论.北京:科学出版社,1-9.Chen L S,Ding Y H.1979.An Introduction to Western Pacific Typhoons.Beijing:Science Press,1-9(in Chinese)
陈联寿,孟智勇.2001.我国热带气旋研究十年进展.大气科学,25(3):420-431.Chen L S,Meng Z Y.2001.An overview on tropical cyclone research progress in China during the past ten years.Chinese J Atmos Sci,25(3):420-431 (in Chinese)
陈联寿,罗哲贤,李英.2004.登陆热带气旋研究的进展.气象学报,62(5):541-549.Chen L S,Luo Z Y,Li Y.2004.Research advances on tropical cyclone landfall process.Acta Meteor Sinica,62(5):541-549 (in Chinese)
陈联寿,孟智勇,丛春华.2017.台风暴雨落区研究综述.海洋气象学报,37(4):1-7.Chen L S,Meng Z Y,Cong C H.2017.An overview on the research of typhoon rainfall distribution.J Mar Meteor,37(4):1-7 (in Chinese)
程正泉,陈联寿,李英.2009.登陆台风降水的大尺度环流诊断分析.气象学报,67(5):840-850.Cheng Z Q,Chen L S,Li Y.2009.Diagnostic analysis of large-scale circulation features associated with strong and weak landfalling typhoon precipitation events.Acta Meteor Sinica,67(5):840-850 (in Chinese)
冯雷,陈宝君.2009.利用PMS的GBPP-100型雨滴谱仪观测资料确定Z-R关系.气象科学,29(2):192-198.Feng L,Chen B J.2009.The radar reflectivity-rainrate relationships as inferred from ground-based raindrop spectra observed by GBPP-100 probe.Scientia Meteor Sinica,29(2):192-198 (in Chinese)
何立富,梁生俊,毛卫星等.2006.0513号台风泰利异常强暴雨过程的综合分析.气象,32(4):84-90.He L F,Liang S J,Mao W X,et al.2006.Analysis of torrential rain event of landing typhoon Tailim.Meteor Mon,32(4):84-90 (in Chinese)
金祺,袁野,刘慧娟等.2015.江淮之间夏季雨滴谱特征分析.气象学报,73(4):778-788.Jin Q,Yuan Y,Liu H J,et al.2015.Analysis of microphysical characteristics of the raindrop spectrum over the area between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River during summer.Acta Meteor Sinica,73(4):778-788 (in Chinese)
雷小途,陈联寿.2001.大尺度环境场对热带气旋影响的动力分析.气象学报,59(4):429-439.Lei X T,Chen L S.2001.Dynamical studies on the effect of large-scale environmental flow on tropical cyclones.Acta Meteor Sinica,59(4):429-439 (in Chinese)
李英,陈联寿,王继志.2004.登陆热带气旋长久维持与迅速消亡的大尺度环流特征.气象学报,60(2):167-179.Li Y,Chen L S,Wang J Z.2004.The diagnostic analysis on the characteristics of large scale circulation corresponding to the sustaining and decaying of tropical cyclone after it’s landfall.Acta Meteor Sinica,60(2):167-179 (in Chinese)
李英,陈联寿,雷小途.2013.Winnie(9711)台风变性加强过程中的降水变化研究.大气科学,37(3):623-633.Li Y,Chen L S,Lei X T.2013.Study on rainfall variation associated with typhoon Winnie (9711) during its extratropical transition process.Chinese J Atmos Sci,37(3):623-633 (in Chinese)
李英,陈联寿,徐祥德.2005.水汽输送影响登陆热带气旋维持和降水的数值试验.大气科学,29(1):91-98.Li Y,Chen L S,Xu X D.2005.Numerical experiments of the impact of moisture transportation on sustaining of the landfalling tropical cyclone and precipitation.Chinese J Atmos Sci,29(1):91-98 (in Chinese)
梁军,李英,张胜军等.2015.影响辽东半岛两个台风Meari和Muifa暴雨环流特征的对比分析.大气科学,39(6):1215-1224.Liang J,Li Y,Zhang S J,et al.2015.Comparison of synoptic circulations of heavy rain associated with typhoons Meari and Muifa over Liaodong Peninsula.Chinese J Atmos Sci,39(6):1215-1224 (in Chinese)
孙力,董伟,药明等.2015.1215号“布拉万”台风暴雨及降水非对称性分布的成因分析.气象学报,73(1):36-49.Sun L,Dong W,Yao M,et al.2015.A diagnostic analysis of the causes of the torrential rain and precipitation asymmetric distribution of Typhoon Bolaven (2012).Acta Meteor Sinica,73(1):36-49 (in Chinese)
王俊,姚展予,侯淑梅等.2016.一次飑线过程的雨滴谱特征研究.气象学报,74(3):450-464.Wang J,Yao Z Y,Hou S M,et al.2016.Characteristics of the raindrop size distribution in a squall line measured by thies optical disdrometers.Acta Meteor Sinica,74(3):450-464 (in Chinese)
吴亚昊,刘黎平,周筠珺等.2016.雨滴谱的变化对降水估测的影响研究.高原气象,35(1):220-230.Wu Y H,Liu L P,Zhou Y J,et al.2016.Study of raindrop influence of spectrum change on precipitation estimation.Plateau Meteor,35(1):220-230 (in Chinese)
谢义明,胡玉玲,沙维茹等.2011.“0808”号台风残留引发特大暴雨成因分析.气象科学,31(1):61-66.Xie Y M,Hu Y L,Sha W R,et al.2011.Mechanism analysis of torrential rain initiated by residual circulation of typhoon Phoenix(0808).Scientia Meteor Sinica,31(1):61-66 (in Chinese)
余贞寿,陈敏,叶子祥等.2009.相似路径热带气旋“海棠”(0505)和“碧利斯”(0604)暴雨对比分析.热带气象学报,25(1):37-47.Yu Z S,Chen M,Ye Z X,et al.2009.Analysis of rainstorm associated with similar track tropical cyclones "Haitang" (0505) and "Bilis" (0604).J Trop Meteor,25(1):37-47 (in Chinese)
周黎明,王庆,龚佃利等.2015.山东一次暴雨过程的云降水微物理特征分析.气象,41(2):192-199.Zhou L M,Wang Q,Gong D L,et al.2015.Microphysical properties of cloud and precipitation during a rainstorm process in Shandong Province.Meteor Mon,41(2):192-199 (in Chinese)
Chen B J,Wang Y,Ming J.2012.Microphysical characteristics of the raindrop size distribution in typhoon Morakot(2009).J Trop Meteor,18(2):162-171
Chen B J,Yang J,Pu J P.2013.Statistical characteristics of raindropsize distribution in the Meiyu season observed in eastern China.J Meteor Soc Japan,91(2):215-227
Li Q Q,Wang Y Q.2012.Formation and quasi-periodic behavior of outer spiral rainbands in a numerically simulated tropical cyclone.J Atmos Sci,69(3):997-1020
Meng W G,Wang Y Q.2016a.A diagnostic study on heavy rainfall induced by typhoon Utor (2013) in South China:1.Rainfall asymmetry at landfall.J Geophys Res,121(21):12781-12802
Meng W G,Wang Y Q.2016b.A diagnostic study on heavy rainfall induced by landfalling typhoon Utor (2013) in South China:2.Postlandfall rainfall.J Geophys Res,121(21):12803-12819
Moumouni S,Gosset M,Houngninou E.2008.Main features of rain drop size distributions observed in Benin,West Africa,with optical disdrometers.Geophys Res Lett,35(23):L23807
Palmer C K,Barnes G M.2006.The effect of vertical wind shear as diagnosed by the NCEP reanalysis data on northeast Pacific hurricane intensity//AMSA 25th Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology.San Diego,CA,122-123
Sharma S,Konwar M,Sarma D K,et al.2009.Characteristics of rain integral parameters during tropical convective,transition,and stratiform rain at Gadanki and its application in rain retrieval.J Appl Meteor Climatol,48(6):1245-1266
Tokay A,Bashor P G.2010.An experimental study of small-scale variability of raindrop size distribution.J Appl Meteor Climatol,49(11):2348-2365
Yu J H,Tan Z M,Wang Y Q.2010.Effects of vertical wind shear on intensity and rainfall asymmetries of strong tropical storm Bilis (2006).Adv Atmos Sci,27(3):552-561
陈联寿,孟智勇.2001.我国热带气旋研究十年进展.大气科学,25(3):420-431.Chen L S,Meng Z Y.2001.An overview on tropical cyclone research progress in China during the past ten years.Chinese J Atmos Sci,25(3):420-431 (in Chinese)
陈联寿,罗哲贤,李英.2004.登陆热带气旋研究的进展.气象学报,62(5):541-549.Chen L S,Luo Z Y,Li Y.2004.Research advances on tropical cyclone landfall process.Acta Meteor Sinica,62(5):541-549 (in Chinese)
陈联寿,孟智勇,丛春华.2017.台风暴雨落区研究综述.海洋气象学报,37(4):1-7.Chen L S,Meng Z Y,Cong C H.2017.An overview on the research of typhoon rainfall distribution.J Mar Meteor,37(4):1-7 (in Chinese)
程正泉,陈联寿,李英.2009.登陆台风降水的大尺度环流诊断分析.气象学报,67(5):840-850.Cheng Z Q,Chen L S,Li Y.2009.Diagnostic analysis of large-scale circulation features associated with strong and weak landfalling typhoon precipitation events.Acta Meteor Sinica,67(5):840-850 (in Chinese)
冯雷,陈宝君.2009.利用PMS的GBPP-100型雨滴谱仪观测资料确定Z-R关系.气象科学,29(2):192-198.Feng L,Chen B J.2009.The radar reflectivity-rainrate relationships as inferred from ground-based raindrop spectra observed by GBPP-100 probe.Scientia Meteor Sinica,29(2):192-198 (in Chinese)
何立富,梁生俊,毛卫星等.2006.0513号台风泰利异常强暴雨过程的综合分析.气象,32(4):84-90.He L F,Liang S J,Mao W X,et al.2006.Analysis of torrential rain event of landing typhoon Tailim.Meteor Mon,32(4):84-90 (in Chinese)
金祺,袁野,刘慧娟等.2015.江淮之间夏季雨滴谱特征分析.气象学报,73(4):778-788.Jin Q,Yuan Y,Liu H J,et al.2015.Analysis of microphysical characteristics of the raindrop spectrum over the area between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River during summer.Acta Meteor Sinica,73(4):778-788 (in Chinese)
雷小途,陈联寿.2001.大尺度环境场对热带气旋影响的动力分析.气象学报,59(4):429-439.Lei X T,Chen L S.2001.Dynamical studies on the effect of large-scale environmental flow on tropical cyclones.Acta Meteor Sinica,59(4):429-439 (in Chinese)
李英,陈联寿,王继志.2004.登陆热带气旋长久维持与迅速消亡的大尺度环流特征.气象学报,60(2):167-179.Li Y,Chen L S,Wang J Z.2004.The diagnostic analysis on the characteristics of large scale circulation corresponding to the sustaining and decaying of tropical cyclone after it’s landfall.Acta Meteor Sinica,60(2):167-179 (in Chinese)
李英,陈联寿,雷小途.2013.Winnie(9711)台风变性加强过程中的降水变化研究.大气科学,37(3):623-633.Li Y,Chen L S,Lei X T.2013.Study on rainfall variation associated with typhoon Winnie (9711) during its extratropical transition process.Chinese J Atmos Sci,37(3):623-633 (in Chinese)
李英,陈联寿,徐祥德.2005.水汽输送影响登陆热带气旋维持和降水的数值试验.大气科学,29(1):91-98.Li Y,Chen L S,Xu X D.2005.Numerical experiments of the impact of moisture transportation on sustaining of the landfalling tropical cyclone and precipitation.Chinese J Atmos Sci,29(1):91-98 (in Chinese)
梁军,李英,张胜军等.2015.影响辽东半岛两个台风Meari和Muifa暴雨环流特征的对比分析.大气科学,39(6):1215-1224.Liang J,Li Y,Zhang S J,et al.2015.Comparison of synoptic circulations of heavy rain associated with typhoons Meari and Muifa over Liaodong Peninsula.Chinese J Atmos Sci,39(6):1215-1224 (in Chinese)
孙力,董伟,药明等.2015.1215号“布拉万”台风暴雨及降水非对称性分布的成因分析.气象学报,73(1):36-49.Sun L,Dong W,Yao M,et al.2015.A diagnostic analysis of the causes of the torrential rain and precipitation asymmetric distribution of Typhoon Bolaven (2012).Acta Meteor Sinica,73(1):36-49 (in Chinese)
王俊,姚展予,侯淑梅等.2016.一次飑线过程的雨滴谱特征研究.气象学报,74(3):450-464.Wang J,Yao Z Y,Hou S M,et al.2016.Characteristics of the raindrop size distribution in a squall line measured by thies optical disdrometers.Acta Meteor Sinica,74(3):450-464 (in Chinese)
吴亚昊,刘黎平,周筠珺等.2016.雨滴谱的变化对降水估测的影响研究.高原气象,35(1):220-230.Wu Y H,Liu L P,Zhou Y J,et al.2016.Study of raindrop influence of spectrum change on precipitation estimation.Plateau Meteor,35(1):220-230 (in Chinese)
谢义明,胡玉玲,沙维茹等.2011.“0808”号台风残留引发特大暴雨成因分析.气象科学,31(1):61-66.Xie Y M,Hu Y L,Sha W R,et al.2011.Mechanism analysis of torrential rain initiated by residual circulation of typhoon Phoenix(0808).Scientia Meteor Sinica,31(1):61-66 (in Chinese)
余贞寿,陈敏,叶子祥等.2009.相似路径热带气旋“海棠”(0505)和“碧利斯”(0604)暴雨对比分析.热带气象学报,25(1):37-47.Yu Z S,Chen M,Ye Z X,et al.2009.Analysis of rainstorm associated with similar track tropical cyclones "Haitang" (0505) and "Bilis" (0604).J Trop Meteor,25(1):37-47 (in Chinese)
周黎明,王庆,龚佃利等.2015.山东一次暴雨过程的云降水微物理特征分析.气象,41(2):192-199.Zhou L M,Wang Q,Gong D L,et al.2015.Microphysical properties of cloud and precipitation during a rainstorm process in Shandong Province.Meteor Mon,41(2):192-199 (in Chinese)
Chen B J,Wang Y,Ming J.2012.Microphysical characteristics of the raindrop size distribution in typhoon Morakot(2009).J Trop Meteor,18(2):162-171
Chen B J,Yang J,Pu J P.2013.Statistical characteristics of raindropsize distribution in the Meiyu season observed in eastern China.J Meteor Soc Japan,91(2):215-227
Li Q Q,Wang Y Q.2012.Formation and quasi-periodic behavior of outer spiral rainbands in a numerically simulated tropical cyclone.J Atmos Sci,69(3):997-1020
Meng W G,Wang Y Q.2016a.A diagnostic study on heavy rainfall induced by typhoon Utor (2013) in South China:1.Rainfall asymmetry at landfall.J Geophys Res,121(21):12781-12802
Meng W G,Wang Y Q.2016b.A diagnostic study on heavy rainfall induced by landfalling typhoon Utor (2013) in South China:2.Postlandfall rainfall.J Geophys Res,121(21):12803-12819
Moumouni S,Gosset M,Houngninou E.2008.Main features of rain drop size distributions observed in Benin,West Africa,with optical disdrometers.Geophys Res Lett,35(23):L23807
Palmer C K,Barnes G M.2006.The effect of vertical wind shear as diagnosed by the NCEP reanalysis data on northeast Pacific hurricane intensity//AMSA 25th Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology.San Diego,CA,122-123
Sharma S,Konwar M,Sarma D K,et al.2009.Characteristics of rain integral parameters during tropical convective,transition,and stratiform rain at Gadanki and its application in rain retrieval.J Appl Meteor Climatol,48(6):1245-1266
Tokay A,Bashor P G.2010.An experimental study of small-scale variability of raindrop size distribution.J Appl Meteor Climatol,49(11):2348-2365
Yu J H,Tan Z M,Wang Y Q.2010.Effects of vertical wind shear on intensity and rainfall asymmetries of strong tropical storm Bilis (2006).Adv Atmos Sci,27(3):552-561
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |