重力卫星串联编队仿真分析
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摘要
现有重力卫星任务存在时空分辨率不足、时空混频以及重力场信号各向异性等局限性.分别对重力卫星串联编队的轨道高度、轨道倾角、星间距离等指标进行仿真分析,就重力卫星串联编队星座模式对重力场时空分辨率的影响进行了数值分析.结果表明,卫星轨道高度的选择需要兼顾重力场信号衰减和卫星寿命等因素,以维持在300～400 km为优;轨道倾角选择应充分考虑极空白问题的影响,极空白区大小不宜超过6°;星间距离大于250 km时,重力场精度的提升并不明显,重力卫星串联编队星间距离设为50～100 km为优.重力卫星串联编队星座模式可同时有效提升地球重力场时空分辨率,实现时变重力场的各向同性探测.
The gravity satellite missions launched have the limitations in insufficient spatial and temporal resolution, space-time aliasing, and anisotropy of the gravitational field signals. The orbit altitude, the orbit inclination and the inter-satellite range of GRACE-type gravity satellite formation were simulated and analyzed. The numerical analysis of the impact of two GRACE-type gravity satellite constellation on the spatial and temporal resolution of gravity field was carried out. The results show that, considering the signal attenuation of gravity field and the life of the satellite, the satellite formation orbit altitude is better at 300～400 km. The choice of the orbit inclination should consider the influence of the polar gaps sufficiently, and the gap size should not exceed 6°. Also, when the inter-satellite range is greater than 250 km, the improvement of the gravity field accuracy is not obvious, and the inter-satellite range is excellently set to 50～100 km. Besides, the constellation including two GRACE-type gravity satellite formation can effectively enhance the spatial and temporal resolution of the earth's gravity field at the same time to achieve isotropic exploring of the time-variable gravity field.
The gravity satellite missions launched have the limitations in insufficient spatial and temporal resolution, space-time aliasing, and anisotropy of the gravitational field signals. The orbit altitude, the orbit inclination and the inter-satellite range of GRACE-type gravity satellite formation were simulated and analyzed. The numerical analysis of the impact of two GRACE-type gravity satellite constellation on the spatial and temporal resolution of gravity field was carried out. The results show that, considering the signal attenuation of gravity field and the life of the satellite, the satellite formation orbit altitude is better at 300～400 km. The choice of the orbit inclination should consider the influence of the polar gaps sufficiently, and the gap size should not exceed 6°. Also, when the inter-satellite range is greater than 250 km, the improvement of the gravity field accuracy is not obvious, and the inter-satellite range is excellently set to 50～100 km. Besides, the constellation including two GRACE-type gravity satellite formation can effectively enhance the spatial and temporal resolution of the earth's gravity field at the same time to achieve isotropic exploring of the time-variable gravity field.
引文
[1]钟波.基于GOCE卫星重力测量技术确定地球重力场的研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2010.ZHONG Bo.Study on determination of the earth’s gravity field from satellite gravimetry mission GOCE[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2010.
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[11]赵倩.利用卫星编队探测地球重力场的方法研究与仿真分析[D].武汉:武汉大学,2012.ZHAO Qian.Methodology research and simulation analysis of the earth’s gravity field determination using satellite formation[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2012.
[12]郑伟,许厚泽,钟敏,等.基于下一代四星转轮式编队系统精确和快速反演FSCF地球重力场[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(9):2928.ZHENG Wei,XU Houze,ZHONG Min,et al.Precise and rapid recovery of the Earth’s gravitational field by the nextgeneration four-satellite cartwheel formation system[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(9):2928.
[13]SILVESTRIN P,AGUIRRE M,MASSOTTI L,et al.The future of the satellite gravimetry after the GOCE mission[M].Berlin:Geodesy for Planet Earth,2012.
[14]PANET I,FLURY J,BIANCALE R,et al.Earth system mass transport mission(e.motion):A concept for future earth gravity field measurements from space[J].Surveys in Geophysics,2013,34(2):141.
[15]ZHENG W,XU H Z,ZHONG M,et al.Accurate and rapid error estimation on global gravitational filed from current GRACE and future GRACE follow-on missions[J].Chinese Physics B,2009,18(8):3597.
[16]冉将军,许厚泽,沈云中,等.新一代GRACE重力卫星反演地球重力场的预期精度[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(9):2898.RAN Jiangjun,XU Houze,SHEN Yunzhong,et al.Expected accuracy of the global gravity field for next GRACEsatellite gravity mission[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(9):2898.
[17]朱广彬,李建成,文汉江,等.GRACE与SLR J2项时间序列的小波分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(4):140.ZHU Guangbin,LI Jiancheng,WEN Hanjiang,et al.Wavelet analysis of J2time series of GRACE and SLR[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2009,29(4):140.
[18]ELSAKA B.Simulated satellite formation flights for detecting the temporal variations of the Earth's gravity field[D].Bonn:University of Bonn,2010.
[19]WIESE D N,NEREM R S,LEMOINE F G.Design considerations for a dedicated gravity recovery satellite mission consisting of two pairs of satellites[J].Journal of Geodesy,2012,86(2):81.
[2]FLECHTNER F.Observation of the system earth from space:CHAMP,GRACE,GOCE and future missions[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,2014.
[3]BROCKMANN J M,ZEHENTNER N,HCK E,et al.EGM_TIM_RL05:An independent geoid with centimeter accuracy purely based on the GOCE mission[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2014,41(22):8089.
[4]READINGS C J,REYNOLDS M L.Gravity field and steadystate ocean circulation mission[C]//ESA Publications Division.Noordwijk:ESA,1999:1-217.
[5]WIESE D N,VISSER P,NEREM R S.Estimating low resolution gravity fields at short time intervals to reduce temporal aliasing errors[J].Advances in Space Research,2011,48(6):1094.
[6]VISSER P,SNEEUW N,REUBELT T,et al.Space-borne gravimetric satellite constellations and ocean tides:aliasing effects[J].Geophysical Journal International,2010,181(2):789.
[7]赵倩,姜卫平,徐新禹,等.卫星编队用于消除海潮模型混频误差影响的可行性研究[J].中国科学:地球科学,2015,45(2):169.ZHAO Qian,JIANG Weiping,XU Xinyu,et al.Feasibility study on application of satellite formations for eliminating the influence from aliasing error of ocean tide model[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2015,45(2):169.
[8]WIESE D N,FOLKNER W M,NEREM R S.Alternative mission architectures for a gravity recovery satellite mission[J].Journal of Geodesy,2009,83(6):569.
[9]BENDER P L,WIESE D N,NEREM R S.A possible dualGRACE mission with 90 degree and 63 degree inclination orbits[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Formation Flying,Missions and Technologies.Noordwijk:ESA,2008:1-6.
[10]姜卫平,赵伟,赵倩,等.新一代探测地球重力场的卫星编队[J].测绘学报,2013,43(2):111.JIANG Weiping,ZHAO Wei,ZHAO Qian,et al.Satellite formation for a new gravity field exploration mission[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2014,43(2):111.
[11]赵倩.利用卫星编队探测地球重力场的方法研究与仿真分析[D].武汉:武汉大学,2012.ZHAO Qian.Methodology research and simulation analysis of the earth’s gravity field determination using satellite formation[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2012.
[12]郑伟,许厚泽,钟敏,等.基于下一代四星转轮式编队系统精确和快速反演FSCF地球重力场[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(9):2928.ZHENG Wei,XU Houze,ZHONG Min,et al.Precise and rapid recovery of the Earth’s gravitational field by the nextgeneration four-satellite cartwheel formation system[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(9):2928.
[13]SILVESTRIN P,AGUIRRE M,MASSOTTI L,et al.The future of the satellite gravimetry after the GOCE mission[M].Berlin:Geodesy for Planet Earth,2012.
[14]PANET I,FLURY J,BIANCALE R,et al.Earth system mass transport mission(e.motion):A concept for future earth gravity field measurements from space[J].Surveys in Geophysics,2013,34(2):141.
[15]ZHENG W,XU H Z,ZHONG M,et al.Accurate and rapid error estimation on global gravitational filed from current GRACE and future GRACE follow-on missions[J].Chinese Physics B,2009,18(8):3597.
[16]冉将军,许厚泽,沈云中,等.新一代GRACE重力卫星反演地球重力场的预期精度[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(9):2898.RAN Jiangjun,XU Houze,SHEN Yunzhong,et al.Expected accuracy of the global gravity field for next GRACEsatellite gravity mission[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(9):2898.
[17]朱广彬,李建成,文汉江,等.GRACE与SLR J2项时间序列的小波分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2009,29(4):140.ZHU Guangbin,LI Jiancheng,WEN Hanjiang,et al.Wavelet analysis of J2time series of GRACE and SLR[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2009,29(4):140.
[18]ELSAKA B.Simulated satellite formation flights for detecting the temporal variations of the Earth's gravity field[D].Bonn:University of Bonn,2010.
[19]WIESE D N,NEREM R S,LEMOINE F G.Design considerations for a dedicated gravity recovery satellite mission consisting of two pairs of satellites[J].Journal of Geodesy,2012,86(2):81.
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