生物炭对盐地碱蓬抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质含量的影响
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摘要
利用盆栽试验,通过测定盐碱土壤中不同生物炭添加量(0%,1%,2%,4%,8%)处理的盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa(L.))的生物量、抗氧化酶活性及其渗透调节物质的含量,探讨生物炭添加促进盐地碱蓬生长的生理机制.结果表明:与不加生物炭的对照组相比,添加生物炭处理均显著提高了盐地碱蓬的生物量;随着生物炭添加量的增加,SOD酶活性先升高后降低,POD酶活性先升高后降低再升高,而CAT酶活性均显著降低,丙二醛含量表现为先增加后降低,脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白等渗透调节物质含量均有先增加后降低的趋势.推测生物炭促进盐地碱蓬生长的生理机制,在较低添加量(1%～2%)时是通过增大植物的SOD,POD酶活性及其渗透调节物质含量,提高了植物的抗胁迫能力;而在较高添加量(4%～8%)时却显著降低了植物的SOD,POD酶活性及其渗透调节物质含量,可能是由于此时生物炭对土壤的改良效果缓解了植物的盐碱胁迫.研究结果可为理解生物炭添加促进盐碱地植物生长的生理机制提供依据.
Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the physiological mechanism of biochar addition promoting the growth of Suaeda salsa (L.) by measuring the biomass,the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmotic regulating substances in Suaeda salsa treated with different amounts of biochar(0%,1%,2%,4%,8%).The results showed that compared with the control group without biochar,the biomass of Suaeda salsa treated with biochar was all significantly increased;with the increase of biochar addition,SOD activity increased first and then decreased,POD activity increased first,then decreased and then increased,while CAT activity decreased significantly.The content of malondialdehyde increased first and then decreased,and the content of osmotic regulators such as proline,soluble sugar and soluble protein increased first and then decreased.Combining with the biomass of each treatment,it is considered the physiological mechanism of biochar promoting the growth of Suaeda salsa was that,at a lower level(1%～2%) the activity of SOD and POD and the content of osmotic regulators in plants were significantly increased,which is beneficial to improve the stress resistance of plants;while at a higher level(4%～8%) the activity of SOD and POD and the content of osmotic regulators in plants were significantly reduced,which has better effect on the improvement of saline-alkali soil,partially alleviating the salt stress on plants.The results can provide a basis for understanding the physiological mechanism of biochar addition promoting plant growth in saline-alkali soil.
Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the physiological mechanism of biochar addition promoting the growth of Suaeda salsa (L.) by measuring the biomass,the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the content of osmotic regulating substances in Suaeda salsa treated with different amounts of biochar(0%,1%,2%,4%,8%).The results showed that compared with the control group without biochar,the biomass of Suaeda salsa treated with biochar was all significantly increased;with the increase of biochar addition,SOD activity increased first and then decreased,POD activity increased first,then decreased and then increased,while CAT activity decreased significantly.The content of malondialdehyde increased first and then decreased,and the content of osmotic regulators such as proline,soluble sugar and soluble protein increased first and then decreased.Combining with the biomass of each treatment,it is considered the physiological mechanism of biochar promoting the growth of Suaeda salsa was that,at a lower level(1%～2%) the activity of SOD and POD and the content of osmotic regulators in plants were significantly increased,which is beneficial to improve the stress resistance of plants;while at a higher level(4%～8%) the activity of SOD and POD and the content of osmotic regulators in plants were significantly reduced,which has better effect on the improvement of saline-alkali soil,partially alleviating the salt stress on plants.The results can provide a basis for understanding the physiological mechanism of biochar addition promoting plant growth in saline-alkali soil.
引文
[1] 廉晓娟,李明悦,王艳,等.滨海盐渍土改良剂的筛选及应用效果研究[J].中国农学通报,2013(14):150-154.
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[12] 方允中,李文杰.自由基与酶[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.
[13] 李璇,岳红,王升.影响植物抗氧化酶活性的因素及其研究热点和现状[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(7):973-978.
[14] 黄锦文,陈冬梅,郑红艳,等.暖季型结缕草对低温响应的生理生态特性[J].中国草地学报,2009,31(1):65-69.
[15] 刘智微,钟小仙,沈益新.海盐胁迫对苏牧2号象草抗氧化酶活性和MDA含量的影响[J].中国草地学报,2011,33(1):24-29.
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[17] 高灿红,胡晋,郑昀晔.玉米幼苗抗氧化酶活性、脯氨酸含量变化及与其耐寒性的关系[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(6):1045-1050.
[18] 杨刚,周威宇.生物炭对盐碱土壤理化性质、生物量及玉米苗期生长的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(16):68-72.
[19] 张雯,耿增超,陈心想,等.生物质炭对盐土改良效应研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(2):73-77.
[20] 孔祥清,韦建明,常国伟,等.生物炭对盐碱土理化性质及大豆产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2018,37(4),647-651.
[21] 王欢欢,元野,任天宝,等.生物炭对东北黑土理化性质影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2018,35:67-71.
[22] 张峥嵘.生物炭改良土壤物理性质的初步研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014.
[23] NATALIA R,DAVID A L,SAMUEL J R.Biochar impact on Midwestern Mollisols and maize nutrient availability[J].Geoderma,2014,230:340-347.
[24] 李玉梅,郭修武,代汉萍,等.盐碱胁迫对牛叠肚幼苗渗透调节物质及叶绿素含量的影响[J].经济林研究,2015,33(1):9-16.
[25] 朱金方,陆兆华,夏江宝,等.盐旱交叉胁迫对柽柳幼苗渗透调节物质含量的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(2):357-363
[26] 赵可夫.植物抗盐生理[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1993.
[27] MUNNS R A.Whole plant responses to salinity[J].Australian Journal of Plant Physiology,1986,13(1):143-160.
[28] 肖强,郑海雷,陈瑶,等.盐度对互花米草生长及脯氨酸、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(4):373-376.
[29] 方志红,董宽虎.NaCl 胁迫对碱蒿可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(16):147-149.
[30] YAO Qin,LIU Junjie,YU Zhenhua.Three years of biochar amendment alters soil physiochemical properties and fungal community composition in a black soil of northeast China[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2017,110:56-67.
[2] 夏阳.生物炭对滨海盐碱植物生长及根际土壤环境的影响[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015.
[3] SOHI S,KRULL E,LOPEZ-CAPEL E,et al.A review of biochar and its use and function in soil[J].Advances in Agronomy,2010,105:47-82.
[4] YUAN J H,XU R K,QIAN W,et al.Comparison of the ameliorating effects on an acidic ultisol between four crop straws and their biochars[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2011,11(5):741-750.
[5] 房彬,李心清,赵斌,等.生物炭对旱作农田土壤理化性质及作物产量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(8):1292-1297.
[6] 勾芒芒,屈忠义.土壤中施用生物炭对番茄根系特征及产量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(8):1348-1352.
[7] GLASER B,LEHMANN J,ZECH W.Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal-a review[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2002,35(4):219-230.
[8] 张娜,李佳,刘学欢,等.生物炭对夏玉米生长和产量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(8):1569-1574.
[9] 管博,于君宝,陆兆华,等.黄河三角洲滨海湿地水盐胁迫对盐地碱蓬幼苗生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(8):2422-2429.
[10] 武玉.生物炭对土壤中磷的形态转化以及有效性的影响[D].烟台:中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,2015.
[11] 张志良,瞿伟菁,李小方.植物生理学实验指导(第四版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009.
[12] 方允中,李文杰.自由基与酶[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.
[13] 李璇,岳红,王升.影响植物抗氧化酶活性的因素及其研究热点和现状[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(7):973-978.
[14] 黄锦文,陈冬梅,郑红艳,等.暖季型结缕草对低温响应的生理生态特性[J].中国草地学报,2009,31(1):65-69.
[15] 刘智微,钟小仙,沈益新.海盐胁迫对苏牧2号象草抗氧化酶活性和MDA含量的影响[J].中国草地学报,2011,33(1):24-29.
[16] 苏丹,李红丽,董智.盐胁迫对白榆无性系抗氧化酶活性及丙二醛的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(2):9-16.
[17] 高灿红,胡晋,郑昀晔.玉米幼苗抗氧化酶活性、脯氨酸含量变化及与其耐寒性的关系[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(6):1045-1050.
[18] 杨刚,周威宇.生物炭对盐碱土壤理化性质、生物量及玉米苗期生长的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(16):68-72.
[19] 张雯,耿增超,陈心想,等.生物质炭对盐土改良效应研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(2):73-77.
[20] 孔祥清,韦建明,常国伟,等.生物炭对盐碱土理化性质及大豆产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2018,37(4),647-651.
[21] 王欢欢,元野,任天宝,等.生物炭对东北黑土理化性质影响研究[J].中国农学通报,2018,35:67-71.
[22] 张峥嵘.生物炭改良土壤物理性质的初步研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014.
[23] NATALIA R,DAVID A L,SAMUEL J R.Biochar impact on Midwestern Mollisols and maize nutrient availability[J].Geoderma,2014,230:340-347.
[24] 李玉梅,郭修武,代汉萍,等.盐碱胁迫对牛叠肚幼苗渗透调节物质及叶绿素含量的影响[J].经济林研究,2015,33(1):9-16.
[25] 朱金方,陆兆华,夏江宝,等.盐旱交叉胁迫对柽柳幼苗渗透调节物质含量的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(2):357-363
[26] 赵可夫.植物抗盐生理[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1993.
[27] MUNNS R A.Whole plant responses to salinity[J].Australian Journal of Plant Physiology,1986,13(1):143-160.
[28] 肖强,郑海雷,陈瑶,等.盐度对互花米草生长及脯氨酸、可溶性糖和蛋白质含量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(4):373-376.
[29] 方志红,董宽虎.NaCl 胁迫对碱蒿可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(16):147-149.
[30] YAO Qin,LIU Junjie,YU Zhenhua.Three years of biochar amendment alters soil physiochemical properties and fungal community composition in a black soil of northeast China[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2017,110:56-67.
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