不同经营模式下杨树人工林土壤溶解性有机碳的吸附行为
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摘要
【目的】溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)与土壤有机质的其他组分之间可以相互转化,虽然所占比例较小,却是陆地生态系统中最为活跃的有机碳库,影响到整个土壤有机碳组分之间的动态平衡。采用序批式平衡试验,以杨树凋落物为DOC的来源材料,对不同经营模式(农林复合、杨树桤木混交、杨树纯林)下杨树人工林土壤对DOC中的吸附作用进行研究,以期为不同经营模式下杨树人工林土壤碳库的有效管理提供参考。【方法】供试土壤采自江苏省泗洪县陈圩林场的3种不同经营模式[农林复合(农林)、杨树桤木混交(混交)、杨树纯林(纯林)]样地,每个样地选取5个采样点,用土钻分别采集0～10、≥10～20、≥20～30 cm土层的土壤,对应土层采集的土壤混匀风干后,过2 mm筛用于吸附试验。同时采集该林场的杨树叶凋落物制备DOC母液。采用序批式平衡试验,借助原始物质吸附等温线方程("IM"方程,可以反映土壤对可溶性有机碳的吸附特性)对不同经营模式下杨树人工林枯落物中溶解性有机碳(DOC)在土壤中的吸附行为及其影响因素进行研究。序批式平衡试验:称取5.00 g土壤于50 mL离心管中,按照1∶4的固液质量比加入DOC溶液(质量浓度分别为0、50、100、200、400 mg/L)20 mL,加入NaN_3溶液(熏蒸过的土壤不添加),并用KCl溶液调节离子强度,然后于恒温(设置25℃和15℃)条件下,在200 r/min转速的水平振荡机上振荡2 h后,用12 000 r/min的高速离心机低温(4℃)离心20 min,0.45μm滤膜抽滤,TOC仪测定滤液DOC含量。【结果】DOC吸附试验表明,IM方程拟合度良好,R~2均在0.810 9～0.999 3之间。各模式下不同土层土壤对DOC的吸附趋势相同,即无外源DOC加入时,土壤存在DOC净释放,但随着外源DOC浓度增加,土壤对DOC的吸附量增加,且两者之间存在极显著线性关系。3种林地土壤吸附DOC的量存在显著性差异(P<0.05,F_(2,6)=73.789),且受外源DOC加入量的影响。DOC加入量≤200 mg/L时,各林地土壤吸附的DOC量从大到小表现为:纯林>农林>混交;而DOC加入量为200～400 mg/L时则表现为:农林>纯林>混交。在农林模式中,0～10 cm土层土壤吸附DOC的能力与≥10～20 cm、≥20～30 cm土层土壤存在显著差异(P<0.05,F_(2,6)=2.713),而在混交林和纯林模式中,3个土层土壤吸附DOC的能力差异不显著(P>0.05,F_(混,2,6)=1.198,F_(纯,2,6)=1.483)。此外,在试验所设条件下,土壤对DOC的吸附受熏蒸作用的影响,而温度对土壤吸附DOC的能力没有明显影响。15℃和25℃两种温度下,3种模式林地土壤对DOC的吸附能力无明显差异,而熏蒸后土壤吸附DOC的能力比未熏蒸土壤的大,m和K_d值比未熏蒸土高出0.128 9～0.199 0和1.64～1.87(m为IM方程的回归系数,K_d为DOC在土壤中的分配系数,两者均可衡量DOC对土壤的亲和力)。【结论】土壤吸附DOC的量与试验中加入DOC的量呈极显著线性关系,原始物质吸附等温线的参数可以反映出土壤吸附DOC能力的强弱。3种林地土壤吸附DOC的量存在显著差异,熏蒸后土壤吸附DOC的能力比未熏蒸土壤的大。在试验所设温度范围内,温度对土壤吸附DOC的能力未发现有明显影响,还需进一步研究。
【Objective】Dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and other components of soil organic matter can be transformed into other forms of organic matter. Although the proportion of DOC in soil organic matter is relatively small, it is the most active organic carbon pool in the terrestrial ecosystem and it influences the dynamic balance of soil organic carbon components. In order to provide a reference for the effective management of soil carbon pools in poplar plantations under different management models, a sequential batch equilibrium experiment was conducted with poplar litter as the source material of DOC.【Method】In this study, soil samples were collected from three different management models(agro-poplar pattern, poplar-alder mixed pattern and poplar plantation pattern) in the Chenwei Forest Farm in Sihong County, Jiangsu Province. Five sampling points were selected for each sample plot. Soil from 0-10, ≥10-20 and ≥20-30 cm soil layers were collected by soil drills. Collected soil was evenly air-dried and passed through a 2 mm sieve. These soil samples were then used for the adsorption test. Meanwhile, DOC initial liquor was prepared from poplar leaf litter collected in the forest farm. DOC adsorption and its effects on poplar plantation soil under different management patterns were investigated with a batch equilibrium experiment and described by the initial mass isotherm equation(IM equation). For the batch equilibrium experiment, whole soils(5 g) were placed in 50 mL glass centrifuge tubes. Twenty milliliters of a DOC solution(solid-liquid mass ratio is 1∶4. Concentration is 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L) were then added to the tubes. A NaN_3 solution was added(but fumigated soil was not added) and a KCl solution was used to adjust the ionic strength. Samples were kept at constant temperature(25 ℃, 15 ℃) and oscillated for 2 hours on a 200 r/min horizontal oscillator, centrifuged for 20 minutes at low temperature(4 ℃) in a 12 000 r/min high-speed centrifuge, filtrated with a 0.45 μm membrane, and analyzed for filtrate DOC content using a TOC instrument.【Result】 Results showed that adsorption in the soils could be fitted by an IM equation and R~2 ranged from 0.810 9 to 0.999 3. The trend of DOC adsorption in different soil layers was the same under different modes. When no exogenous DOC was added, there was a net release of DOC in the soil. However, the amount of DOC adsorbed showed a significant positive linear relationship with the amount of DOC added. DOC adsorption amounts were significantly different(P<0.05, F_(2,6)=73.789) for different management patterns and adsorption amounts were influenced by initial concentrations of DOC added into the soil. When initial concentrations of DOC were ≤200 mg/L, adsorbed amounts of DOC showed the following trend: poplar plantation pattern>agro-poplar pattern>poplar-alder mixed pattern. When initial concentrations of DOC were between 200 and 400 mg/L, adsorbed amounts of DOC were highest for the agro-poplar pattern and lowest for the poplar-alder mixed pattern. The adsorption capacity of soil in the 0-10 cm layer was significantly different from soil at the ≥10-20 cm or ≥20-30 cm layers(P<0.05, F_(2,6)=2.713) in the agro-poplar pattern, while there were no significant differences between the three soil layers(P>0.05, F_(mix, 2, 6)=1.198, F_(poplar, 2, 6)=1.483) in the poplar plantation and poplar-alder mixed patterns. In addition, temperature had no significant effect on the ability of soil to adsorb DOC, while fumigation did have a significant influence on DOC adsorption in soil. There was no significant difference in DOC adsorption capacity among the three management patterns at two different temperatures(15 ℃ and 25 ℃). However, after soils were fumigated by chloroform, DOC adsorption amounts increased and the values of m and K_d were higher than for the unfumigated soil(0.128 9 to 0.199 0 and 1.64 to 1.87, respectively). The term m is the regression coefficient in the IM equation, K_(d )is the partition coefficient of DOC in soil, both of which can be used to measure affinity of DOC to soil.【Conclusion】There was a significant linear relationship between the amount of DOC adsorbed and DOC added. Thus, these parameters of adsorption can reflect the soil's ability to adsorb DOC. The adsorption of DOC in the soil was significantly different(P<0.05) under different management patterns. In this study, temperature had no significant effect on the ability of soil to adsorb DOC. However, future studies need to examine the effect of temperature on DOC adsorption in soil.
【Objective】Dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and other components of soil organic matter can be transformed into other forms of organic matter. Although the proportion of DOC in soil organic matter is relatively small, it is the most active organic carbon pool in the terrestrial ecosystem and it influences the dynamic balance of soil organic carbon components. In order to provide a reference for the effective management of soil carbon pools in poplar plantations under different management models, a sequential batch equilibrium experiment was conducted with poplar litter as the source material of DOC.【Method】In this study, soil samples were collected from three different management models(agro-poplar pattern, poplar-alder mixed pattern and poplar plantation pattern) in the Chenwei Forest Farm in Sihong County, Jiangsu Province. Five sampling points were selected for each sample plot. Soil from 0-10, ≥10-20 and ≥20-30 cm soil layers were collected by soil drills. Collected soil was evenly air-dried and passed through a 2 mm sieve. These soil samples were then used for the adsorption test. Meanwhile, DOC initial liquor was prepared from poplar leaf litter collected in the forest farm. DOC adsorption and its effects on poplar plantation soil under different management patterns were investigated with a batch equilibrium experiment and described by the initial mass isotherm equation(IM equation). For the batch equilibrium experiment, whole soils(5 g) were placed in 50 mL glass centrifuge tubes. Twenty milliliters of a DOC solution(solid-liquid mass ratio is 1∶4. Concentration is 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L) were then added to the tubes. A NaN_3 solution was added(but fumigated soil was not added) and a KCl solution was used to adjust the ionic strength. Samples were kept at constant temperature(25 ℃, 15 ℃) and oscillated for 2 hours on a 200 r/min horizontal oscillator, centrifuged for 20 minutes at low temperature(4 ℃) in a 12 000 r/min high-speed centrifuge, filtrated with a 0.45 μm membrane, and analyzed for filtrate DOC content using a TOC instrument.【Result】 Results showed that adsorption in the soils could be fitted by an IM equation and R~2 ranged from 0.810 9 to 0.999 3. The trend of DOC adsorption in different soil layers was the same under different modes. When no exogenous DOC was added, there was a net release of DOC in the soil. However, the amount of DOC adsorbed showed a significant positive linear relationship with the amount of DOC added. DOC adsorption amounts were significantly different(P<0.05, F_(2,6)=73.789) for different management patterns and adsorption amounts were influenced by initial concentrations of DOC added into the soil. When initial concentrations of DOC were ≤200 mg/L, adsorbed amounts of DOC showed the following trend: poplar plantation pattern>agro-poplar pattern>poplar-alder mixed pattern. When initial concentrations of DOC were between 200 and 400 mg/L, adsorbed amounts of DOC were highest for the agro-poplar pattern and lowest for the poplar-alder mixed pattern. The adsorption capacity of soil in the 0-10 cm layer was significantly different from soil at the ≥10-20 cm or ≥20-30 cm layers(P<0.05, F_(2,6)=2.713) in the agro-poplar pattern, while there were no significant differences between the three soil layers(P>0.05, F_(mix, 2, 6)=1.198, F_(poplar, 2, 6)=1.483) in the poplar plantation and poplar-alder mixed patterns. In addition, temperature had no significant effect on the ability of soil to adsorb DOC, while fumigation did have a significant influence on DOC adsorption in soil. There was no significant difference in DOC adsorption capacity among the three management patterns at two different temperatures(15 ℃ and 25 ℃). However, after soils were fumigated by chloroform, DOC adsorption amounts increased and the values of m and K_d were higher than for the unfumigated soil(0.128 9 to 0.199 0 and 1.64 to 1.87, respectively). The term m is the regression coefficient in the IM equation, K_(d )is the partition coefficient of DOC in soil, both of which can be used to measure affinity of DOC to soil.【Conclusion】There was a significant linear relationship between the amount of DOC adsorbed and DOC added. Thus, these parameters of adsorption can reflect the soil's ability to adsorb DOC. The adsorption of DOC in the soil was significantly different(P<0.05) under different management patterns. In this study, temperature had no significant effect on the ability of soil to adsorb DOC. However, future studies need to examine the effect of temperature on DOC adsorption in soil.
引文
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