北京及周边地区刺蛾科昆虫系统发育多样性研究
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摘要
【目的】鳞翅目刺蛾科(Lepidoptera:Limacodidae)昆虫是重要经济、行道林木的主要害虫,本试验旨在研究北京及周边地区刺蛾科昆虫的系统发育多样性,阐明其群落结构组成与环境因子之间的关系,为北京及周边地区林木害虫防治和生态系统环境保护提供科学依据。【方法】采用灯诱法于2010-2013年间进行样品采集,基于DNA条形码技术及形态特征对9个刺蛾科昆虫群落进行物种识别和鉴定,利用R软件包进行物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和系统发育多样性指数计算及相关性分析。【结果】9个群落间物种多样性和系统发育多样性之间存在差异,北部燕山地区具有较高的物种丰富度和系统发育多样性,可能与植物类型不同有关;通过多种方法分别计算系统发育多样性,结果表明系统发育多样性指数对于系统发育树构建方法和物种内遗传差异不敏感;系统发育多样性与环境因子相关性研究结果表明,该地区刺蛾科群落系统发育多样性与温度季节变化存在显著正相关性。【结论】北京及周边地区刺蛾科昆虫群落结构具有地理差异,温度季节变化可能会造成环境异质性的增加,从而增加了群落系统发育多样性的复杂度。
[Objectives] Lepidopteran species in the family Limacodidae are among the main pests of plantation and urban forestry. To clarify the relationship between community structure and environmental factors in Beijing and surrounding areas,and thereby provide a theoretical basis for forest pest control and ecosystem protection, we investigated the phylogenetic diversity of 9 Limacodidae communities. [Methods] Samples were collected in the summer of 2010-2013 by lamp trapping and species identified using DNA barcoding technology. To ensure the accuracy of species identification, morphological characteristics were also used to identify species. Program R was used to calculate the diversity index(including species richness and phylogenetic diversity), and its correlation with 19(Bio1-Bio19) environmental factors. [Results] Species diversity and phylogenetic diversity differed among the 9 communities. Compared with the southern area, the northern Yan-Shan area had higher species richness and phylogenetic diversity, which might be related to floristic and climatic factors.The phylogenetic diversity index was insensitive to different methods of phylogenetic tree construction and genetic differences within species. There was a significant positive correlation between phylogenetic diversity and the seasonal variation of temperature in Beijing and surrounding areas. [Conclusion] The community structure of the Limacodidae in Beijing and surrounding areas shows spatial differentiation. Seasonal changes in temperature may increase environmental heterogeneity,which in turn affects community phylogenetic diversity.
[Objectives] Lepidopteran species in the family Limacodidae are among the main pests of plantation and urban forestry. To clarify the relationship between community structure and environmental factors in Beijing and surrounding areas,and thereby provide a theoretical basis for forest pest control and ecosystem protection, we investigated the phylogenetic diversity of 9 Limacodidae communities. [Methods] Samples were collected in the summer of 2010-2013 by lamp trapping and species identified using DNA barcoding technology. To ensure the accuracy of species identification, morphological characteristics were also used to identify species. Program R was used to calculate the diversity index(including species richness and phylogenetic diversity), and its correlation with 19(Bio1-Bio19) environmental factors. [Results] Species diversity and phylogenetic diversity differed among the 9 communities. Compared with the southern area, the northern Yan-Shan area had higher species richness and phylogenetic diversity, which might be related to floristic and climatic factors.The phylogenetic diversity index was insensitive to different methods of phylogenetic tree construction and genetic differences within species. There was a significant positive correlation between phylogenetic diversity and the seasonal variation of temperature in Beijing and surrounding areas. [Conclusion] The community structure of the Limacodidae in Beijing and surrounding areas shows spatial differentiation. Seasonal changes in temperature may increase environmental heterogeneity,which in turn affects community phylogenetic diversity.
引文
Cadotte MW,2013.Experimental evidence that evolutionary diverse assemblages result in higher productivity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,110(22):8996-9000.
Cadotte MW,Cardinale BJ,Oakley TH,2008.Evolutionary history and the effect of biodiversity on plant productivity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,105(44):17012-17017.
Cardoso P,Rigal F,Carvalho JC,2015.Bat-biodiversity assessment tools,an R package for the measurement and estimation of alpha and beta taxon,phylogenetic and functional diversity.Methods in Ecology and Evolution,6(2):232-236.
Cardinale BJ,Matulich KL,Hooper DU,Byrnes JE,Duffy E,Gamfeldt L,2011.The functional role of producer diversity in ecosystems.American Journal of Botany,98(3):1-21.
Chao A,Chiu CH,Jost L,2014.Unifying species diversity,phylogenetic diversity,functional diversity,and related similarity and differentiation measures through hill numbers.Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution and Systematics,45(1):297-324.
Chazdon RL,Colwell RK,Denslow JS,Guariguata MR,1998.Statistical methods for estimating species richness of woody regeneration in primary and secondary rain forests of Northeastern Costa Rica//Dallmeier F,Comiskey JA(eds.).Forest Biodiversity Research,Monitoring and Modeling:Conceptual Background and Old World Case Studies Paris:Parthenon Publishing.285-309.
Clifford HT,Stephenson W,1979.An Introduction to Numerical Classification.London:Academic Press.347-523.
Colwell RK,Coddington JA,1994.Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,345(1311):101-118.
Diamond JM,1975.Assembly of species communities//Cody ML,Diamond JM(eds.).Ecology and Evolution of Communities.Cambridge:Harvard University Press.342-444.
Faith DP,1992.Conservation evaluation and phylogenetic diversity.Biological Conservation,61(1):1-10.
Forest F,Colville JF,Cowling RM,2018.Evolutionary Diversity Patterns in the Cape Flora of South Africa//Scherson R,Faith D(eds.).Phylogenetic Diversity.Cham:Springer.631-642.
Ge F,2011.Challenges facing entomologists in a changing global climate.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,48(5):1117-1122.[戈峰,2011.应对全球气候变化的昆虫学研究.应用昆虫学报,48(5):1117-1122.]
Gaston KJ,1996.Species richness:measure and measurement//Gaston KJ(ed.).Biodiversity:A Biology of Numbers and Difference Oxford,UK:Oxford University Press.77-133.
Hebert PDN,Cywinska A,Shelley L,Ball SL,Jeremy R,deWaard JR,2003.Biological identifications through DNA barcodes.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,270(1512):313-321.
Holt BG,Lessard JP,Borregaard MK,Fritz SA,Araújo MB,Dimitrov D,Fabre PH,Graham CH,Graves,Knud GR J?nsson A,Nogués-Bravo D,Wang ZH,Whittaker RJ,Fjelds?J,Rahbek C,2013.An update of Wallace's zoogeographic regions of the world.Science,339(6115):74-78.
Jin Q,Han HL,Hu XM,Li XH,Zhu CD,Ho SYW,Ward RD,Zhang AB,2013.Quantifying species diversity with a DNAbarcoding-based method:Tibetan moth species(Noctuidae)on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.PLoS ONE,8(5):e64428.
Kimura M,1980.A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences.Journal of Molecular Evolution,16(2):111-120.
Krajewsk C,1994.Phylogenetic measures of biodiversity:Acomparison and critique.Biological Conservation,69(1):33-39.
Kumar S,Stecher G,Li M,Knyaz C,Tamura K,2018.MEGA X:Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms.Molecular Biology and Evolution,35(6):1547-1549.
Leibold MA,McPeek MA,200.Coexistence of the niche and neutral perspectives in community ecology.Ecology,87(6):1399-1410.
Parlato EH,Armstrong DP,2018.Predicting reintroduction outcomes for highly vulnerable species that do not currently coexist with their key threats.Conservation Biology,32(6):1346-1355.
Ratcliffe S,Wirth C,Jucker T,der Plas F,Scherer-Lorenzen M,Verheyen K,Allan E,Benavides R,Bruelheide H,Ohse B,Paquette A,Ampoorter E,Bastias CC,Bauhus J,Bonal D,Bouriaud O,Bussotti F,Carnol M,Castagneyrol B,Che?ko E,Dawud SM,Wandeler HD,Domisch T,Finér L,Fischer M,Fotelli M,Gessler A,Granier A,Grossiord C,Guyot V,Haase J,H?ttenschwiler S,Jactel H,Jaroszewicz B,Joly F,Kambach S,Kolb S,Koricheva J,Liebersgesell M,Milligan H,Müller S,Muys B,Nguyen D,Nock C,Pollastrini M,Purschke O,Radoglou K,Raulund-Rasmussen K,Roger F,Ruiz-Benito P,Seidl R,Selvi F,Seiferling I,Stenlid J,Valladares F,Vesterdal L,Baeten L,2017.Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning relations in European forests depend on environmental context.Ecology Letter,20(11):1414-1426.
Ren GD,Du JX,2013.The analyses of the faunal composition and distributed pattern of Diptera from Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei of China.Journal of Environmental Entomology,35(1):1-5.[任国栋,都建霞,2013.京津冀地区双翅目区系组成与分布格局.环境昆虫学报,35(1):1-5.]
Rozas J,Ferrer-Mata A,Sánchez-DelBarrio JC,Guirao-Rico S,Librado P,Ramos-Onsins SE,Sánchez-Gracia A,2017.DnaSP 6:DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large datasets.Molecular Biology and Evolution,34(12):3299-3302.
Silvertown J,Araya Y,Gowing D,2015.Hydrological niches in terrestrial plant communities:a review.Journal of Ecology,103(1):93-108.
Stamatakis A,2006.RAxML-VI-HPC:Maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models.Bioinformatics,22(21):2688-2690.
Sun YC,Guo HJ,Ge F,2017.Progress in research on the responses of insects to global climate change.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,54(4):539-552.[孙玉诚,郭慧娟,戈峰,2017.昆虫对全球气候变化的响应与适应性.应用昆虫学报,54(4):539-552.]
Venail P,Gross K,Oakley TH,Narwani A,Allan E,Flombaum P,Isbell F,Joshi J,Reich PB,Tilman D,Ruijven J,Cardinale BJ,2015.Species richness,but not phylogenetic diversity,influences community biomass production and temporal stability in a re-examination of 16 grassland biodiversity studies.Functional Ecology,29(5):615-626.
Vrijenhoek R,1994.DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates.Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology,3(5):294-299.
Veron S,Faith DP,Pellens R,Pavoine S,2018.Priority areas for phylogenetic diversity:maximising gains in the mediterranean basin//Scherson R,Faith D(eds.).Phylogenetic Diversity.Cham.:Springer.328-357.
Webb CO,Ackerly DD,McPeek MA,Donoghue MJ,2002.Phylogenies and community ecology.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,33(1):475-505.
Whittaker RH,1977.Evolution of species diversity in land communities.Evolutionary Biology,10(75):1-67.
Wu CS,2010.Analysis on the host plant diversity of slug caterpillar moths in China.Forest Pest and Disease,29(2):1-4.[武春生,2010.中国刺蛾科幼虫的寄主植物多样性分析.中国森林病虫,29(2):1-4.]
Xiao GR,1992.China Forest Insects.2nd Edition.China Forestry Press.463-470.[萧刚柔,1992.中国森林昆虫.2版(增订本).中国林业出版社.463-470.]
Yao FL,You MS,2012.Impacts of global warming on the interaction between host plants,insect pests and their natural enemies.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,49(3):563-572.[姚凤銮,尤民生,2012.全球气候变暖对“植物-害虫-天敌”互作系统的影响.应用昆虫学报,49(3):563-572.]
Cadotte MW,Cardinale BJ,Oakley TH,2008.Evolutionary history and the effect of biodiversity on plant productivity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA,105(44):17012-17017.
Cardoso P,Rigal F,Carvalho JC,2015.Bat-biodiversity assessment tools,an R package for the measurement and estimation of alpha and beta taxon,phylogenetic and functional diversity.Methods in Ecology and Evolution,6(2):232-236.
Cardinale BJ,Matulich KL,Hooper DU,Byrnes JE,Duffy E,Gamfeldt L,2011.The functional role of producer diversity in ecosystems.American Journal of Botany,98(3):1-21.
Chao A,Chiu CH,Jost L,2014.Unifying species diversity,phylogenetic diversity,functional diversity,and related similarity and differentiation measures through hill numbers.Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution and Systematics,45(1):297-324.
Chazdon RL,Colwell RK,Denslow JS,Guariguata MR,1998.Statistical methods for estimating species richness of woody regeneration in primary and secondary rain forests of Northeastern Costa Rica//Dallmeier F,Comiskey JA(eds.).Forest Biodiversity Research,Monitoring and Modeling:Conceptual Background and Old World Case Studies Paris:Parthenon Publishing.285-309.
Clifford HT,Stephenson W,1979.An Introduction to Numerical Classification.London:Academic Press.347-523.
Colwell RK,Coddington JA,1994.Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,345(1311):101-118.
Diamond JM,1975.Assembly of species communities//Cody ML,Diamond JM(eds.).Ecology and Evolution of Communities.Cambridge:Harvard University Press.342-444.
Faith DP,1992.Conservation evaluation and phylogenetic diversity.Biological Conservation,61(1):1-10.
Forest F,Colville JF,Cowling RM,2018.Evolutionary Diversity Patterns in the Cape Flora of South Africa//Scherson R,Faith D(eds.).Phylogenetic Diversity.Cham:Springer.631-642.
Ge F,2011.Challenges facing entomologists in a changing global climate.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,48(5):1117-1122.[戈峰,2011.应对全球气候变化的昆虫学研究.应用昆虫学报,48(5):1117-1122.]
Gaston KJ,1996.Species richness:measure and measurement//Gaston KJ(ed.).Biodiversity:A Biology of Numbers and Difference Oxford,UK:Oxford University Press.77-133.
Hebert PDN,Cywinska A,Shelley L,Ball SL,Jeremy R,deWaard JR,2003.Biological identifications through DNA barcodes.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,270(1512):313-321.
Holt BG,Lessard JP,Borregaard MK,Fritz SA,Araújo MB,Dimitrov D,Fabre PH,Graham CH,Graves,Knud GR J?nsson A,Nogués-Bravo D,Wang ZH,Whittaker RJ,Fjelds?J,Rahbek C,2013.An update of Wallace's zoogeographic regions of the world.Science,339(6115):74-78.
Jin Q,Han HL,Hu XM,Li XH,Zhu CD,Ho SYW,Ward RD,Zhang AB,2013.Quantifying species diversity with a DNAbarcoding-based method:Tibetan moth species(Noctuidae)on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.PLoS ONE,8(5):e64428.
Kimura M,1980.A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences.Journal of Molecular Evolution,16(2):111-120.
Krajewsk C,1994.Phylogenetic measures of biodiversity:Acomparison and critique.Biological Conservation,69(1):33-39.
Kumar S,Stecher G,Li M,Knyaz C,Tamura K,2018.MEGA X:Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms.Molecular Biology and Evolution,35(6):1547-1549.
Leibold MA,McPeek MA,200.Coexistence of the niche and neutral perspectives in community ecology.Ecology,87(6):1399-1410.
Parlato EH,Armstrong DP,2018.Predicting reintroduction outcomes for highly vulnerable species that do not currently coexist with their key threats.Conservation Biology,32(6):1346-1355.
Ratcliffe S,Wirth C,Jucker T,der Plas F,Scherer-Lorenzen M,Verheyen K,Allan E,Benavides R,Bruelheide H,Ohse B,Paquette A,Ampoorter E,Bastias CC,Bauhus J,Bonal D,Bouriaud O,Bussotti F,Carnol M,Castagneyrol B,Che?ko E,Dawud SM,Wandeler HD,Domisch T,Finér L,Fischer M,Fotelli M,Gessler A,Granier A,Grossiord C,Guyot V,Haase J,H?ttenschwiler S,Jactel H,Jaroszewicz B,Joly F,Kambach S,Kolb S,Koricheva J,Liebersgesell M,Milligan H,Müller S,Muys B,Nguyen D,Nock C,Pollastrini M,Purschke O,Radoglou K,Raulund-Rasmussen K,Roger F,Ruiz-Benito P,Seidl R,Selvi F,Seiferling I,Stenlid J,Valladares F,Vesterdal L,Baeten L,2017.Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning relations in European forests depend on environmental context.Ecology Letter,20(11):1414-1426.
Ren GD,Du JX,2013.The analyses of the faunal composition and distributed pattern of Diptera from Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei of China.Journal of Environmental Entomology,35(1):1-5.[任国栋,都建霞,2013.京津冀地区双翅目区系组成与分布格局.环境昆虫学报,35(1):1-5.]
Rozas J,Ferrer-Mata A,Sánchez-DelBarrio JC,Guirao-Rico S,Librado P,Ramos-Onsins SE,Sánchez-Gracia A,2017.DnaSP 6:DNA sequence polymorphism analysis of large datasets.Molecular Biology and Evolution,34(12):3299-3302.
Silvertown J,Araya Y,Gowing D,2015.Hydrological niches in terrestrial plant communities:a review.Journal of Ecology,103(1):93-108.
Stamatakis A,2006.RAxML-VI-HPC:Maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models.Bioinformatics,22(21):2688-2690.
Sun YC,Guo HJ,Ge F,2017.Progress in research on the responses of insects to global climate change.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,54(4):539-552.[孙玉诚,郭慧娟,戈峰,2017.昆虫对全球气候变化的响应与适应性.应用昆虫学报,54(4):539-552.]
Venail P,Gross K,Oakley TH,Narwani A,Allan E,Flombaum P,Isbell F,Joshi J,Reich PB,Tilman D,Ruijven J,Cardinale BJ,2015.Species richness,but not phylogenetic diversity,influences community biomass production and temporal stability in a re-examination of 16 grassland biodiversity studies.Functional Ecology,29(5):615-626.
Vrijenhoek R,1994.DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates.Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology,3(5):294-299.
Veron S,Faith DP,Pellens R,Pavoine S,2018.Priority areas for phylogenetic diversity:maximising gains in the mediterranean basin//Scherson R,Faith D(eds.).Phylogenetic Diversity.Cham.:Springer.328-357.
Webb CO,Ackerly DD,McPeek MA,Donoghue MJ,2002.Phylogenies and community ecology.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,33(1):475-505.
Whittaker RH,1977.Evolution of species diversity in land communities.Evolutionary Biology,10(75):1-67.
Wu CS,2010.Analysis on the host plant diversity of slug caterpillar moths in China.Forest Pest and Disease,29(2):1-4.[武春生,2010.中国刺蛾科幼虫的寄主植物多样性分析.中国森林病虫,29(2):1-4.]
Xiao GR,1992.China Forest Insects.2nd Edition.China Forestry Press.463-470.[萧刚柔,1992.中国森林昆虫.2版(增订本).中国林业出版社.463-470.]
Yao FL,You MS,2012.Impacts of global warming on the interaction between host plants,insect pests and their natural enemies.Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,49(3):563-572.[姚凤銮,尤民生,2012.全球气候变暖对“植物-害虫-天敌”互作系统的影响.应用昆虫学报,49(3):563-572.]
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