涪陵页岩气田平桥区块页岩气储层有机质孔发育特征
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摘要
涪陵页岩气田二期产建区的平桥区块上奥陶统五峰组和下志留统龙马溪组一段(龙一段)海相富有机质页岩中纳米级有机质孔较发育,是页岩气储层的重要孔隙类型。利用氩离子抛光-场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)技术和Image-Pro Plus统计软件以及气体物理吸附实验,对平桥区块JY-B井五峰组和龙一段不同小层的14块页岩岩心样品进行了有机质孔形状、数量、孔径分布的观察和统计,并对有机质面孔率进行了计算。利用FE-SEM观察发现五峰组页岩样品有机质孔形状以边缘收缩的多角形为主,龙一段下部页岩样品有机质孔形状多呈不规则椭圆形和近圆形,龙一段上部页岩有机质孔多呈压扁状椭圆形、不规则近圆形和长条形;页岩样品中有机质孔的孔径主要为5～600nm,有机质孔的主体孔径在5～30nm,龙一段页岩样品孔径在100～600nm的有机质孔数量相对较多;五峰组(1小层)和龙一段下部3小层页岩样品平均单颗粒有机质面孔率相对最大,其次是龙一段上部7和8小层;五峰组和龙一段下部与上部页岩样品有机质面孔率与TOC具有不同的正相关关系。采用气体吸附实验得到页岩样品中0.3～10 nm孔隙的累积孔容与TOC呈良好的线性正相关关系,表明这部分孔隙中的有机质孔占有重要地位。3套页岩层段有机质孔发育特征及差异性与页岩有机碳含量、矿物组成和构造挤压改造等因素有关。
As the important pore type of shale gas reservoirs,nano-organic pores are relatively developed in the marine-rich organic shale of the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Member 1 of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation(Long 1 Member)in Pingqiao block of the second production phase of the Fuling shale gas field.Using the argon ion polishing-field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),Image-Pro Plus statistical software and gas physic adsorption experiments,this study observes and statistically analyzes the shape,number and pore size distribution of organic matter pores in 14 shale core samples from different small layers of the Wufeng Formation and Long1 Member of Well JY-B in Pingqiao block,and also calculates out the organic surface pore rate.The FE-SEM is used to observe the organic pores of shale samples in Wufeng Formation,of which the shape is mainly polygonal with edge shrinkage.The shale samples in the lower section of Long1 Member are mostly irregularly elliptical and nearly circular,while those in the upper shale have a flattened elliptical shape,irregularly near-round and elongated.The organic pore size of shale samples is mainly between 5 and 600 nm,and the pore size of organic pores is between 5 and 30 nm.The number of organic pores with the pore size of 100-600 nm is relatively large in the shale of Long 1 Member.The average single-particle organic matter surface pore rate of Wufeng Formation(Layer 1)and the lower part of Long 1 Member(Layer 3)is relatively large,followed by Layer 7 and 8 of the upper Long 1 Member.The organic matter surface rate of Wufeng Formation,the upper Long 1 Member and the upper shale samples have different positive correlations with the total organic carbon.The gas-adsorption experiments show that the cumulative pore volume of the pores of 0.3-10 nm in shale samples has a good linear positive correlation with the total organic carbon,indicating that the organic pores in this part are dominant.The development characteristics and differences of organic pores in three sets of shale intervals are related to shale organic carbon content,mineral composition and structural extrusion.
As the important pore type of shale gas reservoirs,nano-organic pores are relatively developed in the marine-rich organic shale of the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Member 1 of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation(Long 1 Member)in Pingqiao block of the second production phase of the Fuling shale gas field.Using the argon ion polishing-field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),Image-Pro Plus statistical software and gas physic adsorption experiments,this study observes and statistically analyzes the shape,number and pore size distribution of organic matter pores in 14 shale core samples from different small layers of the Wufeng Formation and Long1 Member of Well JY-B in Pingqiao block,and also calculates out the organic surface pore rate.The FE-SEM is used to observe the organic pores of shale samples in Wufeng Formation,of which the shape is mainly polygonal with edge shrinkage.The shale samples in the lower section of Long1 Member are mostly irregularly elliptical and nearly circular,while those in the upper shale have a flattened elliptical shape,irregularly near-round and elongated.The organic pore size of shale samples is mainly between 5 and 600 nm,and the pore size of organic pores is between 5 and 30 nm.The number of organic pores with the pore size of 100-600 nm is relatively large in the shale of Long 1 Member.The average single-particle organic matter surface pore rate of Wufeng Formation(Layer 1)and the lower part of Long 1 Member(Layer 3)is relatively large,followed by Layer 7 and 8 of the upper Long 1 Member.The organic matter surface rate of Wufeng Formation,the upper Long 1 Member and the upper shale samples have different positive correlations with the total organic carbon.The gas-adsorption experiments show that the cumulative pore volume of the pores of 0.3-10 nm in shale samples has a good linear positive correlation with the total organic carbon,indicating that the organic pores in this part are dominant.The development characteristics and differences of organic pores in three sets of shale intervals are related to shale organic carbon content,mineral composition and structural extrusion.
引文
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[2]郭彤楼,张汉荣.四川盆地焦石坝页岩气田形成与富集高产模式[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):28-36.GUO Tonglou,ZHANG Hanrong.Formation and enrichment mode of Jiaoshiba shale gas field,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(1):28-36.
[3]邹才能,朱如凯,白斌,等.中国油气储层中纳米孔首次发现及其科学价值[J].岩石学报,2011,27(6):1857-1864.ZOU Caineng,ZHU Rukai,BAI Bin,et al.First discovery of nano-pore throat in oil and gas reservoir in China,and its scientific value[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(6):1857-1864.
[4]郭旭升,胡东风,魏祥峰,等.四川盆地焦石坝地区页岩裂缝发育主控因素及对产能的影响[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):799-808.GUO Xusheng,HU Dongfeng,WEI Xiangfeng,et al.Main controlling factors on shale fractures and their influences on production capacity in Jiaoshiba area,the Sichuan Basin[J].Oil &Gas Geology,2016,37(6):799-808.
[5]武瑾,梁峰,吝文,等.渝东北地区巫溪2井五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气储层及含气性特征[J].石油学报,2017,38(5):512-524.WU Jin,LIANG Feng,LIN Wen,et al.Reservoirs characteristics and gas-bearing capacity of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation shale in Well WX-2,northeast Chongqing area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(5):512-524.
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[7]纪文明,宋岩,姜振学,等.四川盆地东南部龙马溪组页岩微—纳米孔隙结构特征及控制因素[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):182-195.JI Wenming,SONG Yan,JIANG Zhenxue,et al.Micro-nano pore structure characteristics and its control factors of shale in Longmaxi Formation,southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):182-195.
[8]金之钧,胡宗全,高波,等.川东南地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气富集与高产控制因素[J].地学前缘,2016,23(1):1-10.JIN Zhijun,HU Zongquan,GAO Bo,et al.Controlling factors on the enrichment and high productivity of shale gas in the WufengLongmaxi Formations,southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(1):1-10.
[9]何治亮,聂海宽,张钰莹.四川盆地及其周缘奥陶系五峰组-志留系龙马溪组页岩气富集主控因素分析[J].地学前缘,2016,23(2):8-17.HE Zhiliang,NIE Haikuan,ZHANG Yuying,et al.The main factors of shale gas enrichment of Ordovician Wufeng FormationSilurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(2):8-17.
[10]马中良,郑伦举,徐旭辉,等.富有机质页岩有机孔隙形成与演化的热模拟实验[J].石油学报,2017,38(1):23-30.MA Zhongliang,ZHENG Lunju,XU Xuhui,et al.Thermal simulation experiment on the formation and evolution of organic pores in organic-rich shale[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(1):23-30.
[11]张建坤,何生,颜新林,等.页岩纳米级孔隙结构特征及热成熟演化[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2017,41(1):11-24.ZHANG Jiankun,HE Sheng,YAN Xinlin,et al.Structural characteristics and thermal evolution of nanoporosity in shales[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2017,41(1):11-24.
[12]BERNARD S,WIRTH R,SCHREIBER A,et al.Formation of nanoporous pyrobitumen residues during maturation of the Barnett Shale(Fort Worth Basin)[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,103:3-11.
[13]何陈诚,何生,郭旭升,等.焦石坝区块五峰组与龙马溪组一段页岩有机孔隙结构差异性[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(3):472-484.HE Chencheng,HE Sheng,GUO Xusheng,et al.Structural differences in organic pores between shales of the Wufeng Formation and of the Longmaxi Formation’s first Member,Jiaoshiba Block,Sichuan Basin[J].Oil &Gas Geology,2018,39(3):472-484.
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[18]侯宇光,何生,易积正,等.页岩孔隙结构对甲烷吸附能力的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(2):248-256.HOU Yuguang,HE Sheng,YI Jizheng,et al.Effect of pore structure on methane sorption capacity of shales[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(2):248-256.
[19]朱汉卿,贾爱林,位云生,等.蜀南地区富有机质页岩孔隙结构及超临界甲烷吸附能力[J].石油学报,2018,39(4):391-401.ZHU Hanqing,JIA Ailin,WEI Yunsheng,et al.Pore structure and supercritical methane sorption capacity of organic-rich shales in southern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2018,39(4):391-401.
[20]YANG Rui,HE Sheng,YI Jizheng,et al.Nano-scale pore structure and fractal dimension of organic-rich Wufeng-Longmaxi shale from Jiaoshiba area,Sichuan Basin:investigations using FESEM,gas adsorption and helium pycnometry[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2016,70:27-45.
[21]聂海宽,金之钧,马鑫,等.四川盆地及邻区上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组底部笔石带及沉积特征[J].石油学报,2017,38(2):160-174.NIE Haikuan,JIN Zhijun,MA Xin,et al.Graptolites zone and sedimentary characteristics of upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(2):160-174.
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