青河后造山岩体成因及其对阿尔泰造山带晚古生代构造演化的启示
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摘要
阿尔泰造山带位于西伯利亚板块与哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块之间,是中亚造山带重要组成部分。长期以来,阿尔泰何时结束造山一直存在争议,阻碍了对中亚造山带晚古生代构造演化的认识。中国阿尔泰造山带南缘发育早二叠世花岗岩,具有碱性或A型花岗岩特征,能够反映碰撞后伸展的构造环境。青河岩体位于阿尔泰造山带东南部,主要由二长花岗岩和少量闪长岩组成,具有研究阿尔泰造山带晚期构造演化的条件。本文以此为切入点,对青河岩体开展年代学和地球化学工作。新的测年数据表明似斑状二长花岗岩(283±3Ma)、中细粒二长花岗岩(280±2Ma)、糜棱岩化二长花岗岩(286±2Ma)和辉长闪长玢岩(269±1)均形成于早二叠世。岩体高硅(SiO_2=61. 98%～73. 35%),富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=5. 84%～8. 72%,碱度率AR=2. 12～3. 65),低钙(CaO=1. 29～3. 76%),里特曼指数σ=2. 38～2. 54,K_2O/Na_2O=0. 78～1. 06,属于高钾钙碱性岩石系列。微量元素显示Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Nb、Ta亏损,Eu明显负异常(δ_(Eu)=0. 46～0. 78),10000×Ga/Al=2. 85～2. 47,反映具有A型花岗岩特征,可作为阿尔泰碰撞造山作用结束的标志。另外,这些岩体ε_(Hf)(t)值介于+4. 04～+11. 78之间,二阶段模式年龄(t_(DM2))分别变化于880～694Ma、923～633Ma、875～555Ma、1030～635Ma,揭示其源区主要由新元古代幔源物质或新生地壳组成。结合区域上同时代、同构造位置富碱性(A型)花岗岩研究结果,认为青河中酸性岩体成因与地幔岩浆底侵早期下地壳有关,是新元古代玄武质物质再熔,并发生结晶分异的结果。因此,阿尔泰造山带于早二叠世(286～280Ma)已经结束了碰撞造山作用,处于伸展的构造背景。
The Altai Orogenic Belt,situated between Siberia plate and Kazakhstan-Junggar plate,is part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Controversy has long surrounded the timing of the orogeny termination,which hampers us from better understanding the Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Altai orogenic belt. The Permian granitoids are widely distributed in the southern Chinese Altai and show typical alkaline or A-type affinities,probably reflecting an extensional tectonic setting after collision. This forms the justification of this study in which we focus on the geochronology and geochemistry of the Qinghe pluton in order to evaluate the late-stage tectonic evolution of the Altai orogenic belt. The Qinghe pluton at the southeastern margin of the Altai orogenic belt is composed mainly of monzogranite with minor diorite. New geochronological data reveal Early Permian emplacement ages,including 283 ± 3 Ma for the porphyritic monzogranite,280 ± 2 Ma for the monzogranite,286 ± 2 Ma for the mylonitic monzogranite,and 269 ± 1 Ma for the pyroxene diorite porphyrite. The Qinghe monzogranites are characterized by high silicon( SiO_2= 61. 98% ～ 73. 35%),alkali( K_2O + Na_2O =5. 8% ～ 8. 72%) and alkalinity ratio( AR = 2. 12 ～ 3. 65),and low calcium( CaO = 1. 2% ～ 3. 76%),belonging to high kalium calc-alkaline series with Rittmann Index = 2. 38 ～ 2. 54 and K_2O/Na_2O = 0. 78 ～ 1. 06. They are also depleted in Ba,Sr,P,Ti,Nb and Ta,with negative Eu abnormalies( δ_(Eu) = 0. 46 ～ 0. 78) and the ratio of 10000 × Ga/Al( 2. 85 ～ 2. 47),characterized by A-type granitoids that were emplaced at the end of the collision orogeny. In addition,there are the positive ε_(Hf)( t) values( ranging from+ 4. 04 to + 11. 78) and two stage model ages( t_(DM2)) of 880 ～ 694 Ma,923 ～ 633 Ma,875 ～ 555 Ma and 1030 ～ 635 Ma for these intrusions,suggesting Neoproterozoic mantle material or juvenile crust as the source material. Together with the previous studies about contemporary enriched alkali( A-type) granite along the southeast margin of the Altai orogenic belt,this study suggests that the Qinghe pluton was generated by remelting of Neoproterozoic juvenile lower crust,probably caused by the underplating of mantle-derived magma with subsequent crystal fractionation. Therefore,the collision orogeny of the Altai orogenic belt must have ended in the Early Permian,followed by a post-collisional extensional event.
The Altai Orogenic Belt,situated between Siberia plate and Kazakhstan-Junggar plate,is part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Controversy has long surrounded the timing of the orogeny termination,which hampers us from better understanding the Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Altai orogenic belt. The Permian granitoids are widely distributed in the southern Chinese Altai and show typical alkaline or A-type affinities,probably reflecting an extensional tectonic setting after collision. This forms the justification of this study in which we focus on the geochronology and geochemistry of the Qinghe pluton in order to evaluate the late-stage tectonic evolution of the Altai orogenic belt. The Qinghe pluton at the southeastern margin of the Altai orogenic belt is composed mainly of monzogranite with minor diorite. New geochronological data reveal Early Permian emplacement ages,including 283 ± 3 Ma for the porphyritic monzogranite,280 ± 2 Ma for the monzogranite,286 ± 2 Ma for the mylonitic monzogranite,and 269 ± 1 Ma for the pyroxene diorite porphyrite. The Qinghe monzogranites are characterized by high silicon( SiO_2= 61. 98% ～ 73. 35%),alkali( K_2O + Na_2O =5. 8% ～ 8. 72%) and alkalinity ratio( AR = 2. 12 ～ 3. 65),and low calcium( CaO = 1. 2% ～ 3. 76%),belonging to high kalium calc-alkaline series with Rittmann Index = 2. 38 ～ 2. 54 and K_2O/Na_2O = 0. 78 ～ 1. 06. They are also depleted in Ba,Sr,P,Ti,Nb and Ta,with negative Eu abnormalies( δ_(Eu) = 0. 46 ～ 0. 78) and the ratio of 10000 × Ga/Al( 2. 85 ～ 2. 47),characterized by A-type granitoids that were emplaced at the end of the collision orogeny. In addition,there are the positive ε_(Hf)( t) values( ranging from+ 4. 04 to + 11. 78) and two stage model ages( t_(DM2)) of 880 ～ 694 Ma,923 ～ 633 Ma,875 ～ 555 Ma and 1030 ～ 635 Ma for these intrusions,suggesting Neoproterozoic mantle material or juvenile crust as the source material. Together with the previous studies about contemporary enriched alkali( A-type) granite along the southeast margin of the Altai orogenic belt,this study suggests that the Qinghe pluton was generated by remelting of Neoproterozoic juvenile lower crust,probably caused by the underplating of mantle-derived magma with subsequent crystal fractionation. Therefore,the collision orogeny of the Altai orogenic belt must have ended in the Early Permian,followed by a post-collisional extensional event.
引文
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