中东地区阿普特阶Shuaiba组碳酸盐岩沉积体系特征及模式探究
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摘要
中东地区主力产油层系Shuaiba组的勘探及研究逐渐以地层岩性圈闭为主,笔者通过总结Bab盆地阿普特阶Shuaiba组沉积相类型,多油田地层格架及空间展布特征的对比,为系统恢复Shuaiba组沉积演化过程及模式提供地质依据。研究表明,阿普特阶Shuaiba组共发育开阔台地、台地边缘、台缘斜坡及盆地相4种沉积相单元和6种亚相类型,各相带单元受控于四个三级层序且沿Bab盆地周缘呈带状展布。开阔台地一侧,主要沉积了第二个三级层序对应的Lower Shuaiba地层;台地边缘往Bab台内盆地区域,则以第三和第四个三级层序对应的Upper Shuaiba地层为主。Shuaiba组生物礁、滩建造集中发育在第二个三级层序的高位域阶段,滩间海、缓坡及盆地相受控于海进和低位体系域。阿普特阶Shuaiba台地边缘生物建隆、台内浅滩在空间上相互叠置并成带展布,符合弱镶边型缓坡台地沉积模式,该类型台地具备深水陆棚性质的非常宽缓的斜坡,且缓坡往盆地一侧发育一个镶边台地边缘。
Shuaiba Formation is one of the main productive zones in the Middle East,and its exploration and research issues are mainly related to the stratigraphic-lithologic trap at present. On the basis of limited cores,well logging and geophysical data,the sedimentary facies at Aptian Stage were summarized. By analyzing the stratigraphic framework and comparing the spatial distribution features of each sedimentary unit,we restored the evolution process of the sedimentary units and established the carbonate sedimentary model. It is concluded that,there are four types of sedimentary facies and six sub-facies exist in the Shuaiba Formation,including open platform,platform margin,slope and basin facies. Sedimentary facies are controlled by four third-order sequences and distributed along the periphery of the Bab Basin. The sediments of Lower Shuaiba strata formed in the open platform and related to the second third-order sequence,while the Upper Shuaiba strata which corresponds to the third and fourth third-order sequences are dominated from the platform edge to the Bab Basin. The Shuaiba reef and shoal are concentrated at high stand system tract of second third-order sequence,and the interbank sea,slope and the basin facies are related to the transgressive or low system tracts. The identification and comparison of sedimentary facies show that,weak rimmed carbonate ramp-platform developed during the Aptian. The weak rimmed carbonate rampplatform has very gentle slope and gentle slope with a weak reef construction. The platform marginal reef and shoal superimposed each other and distributed as a belt in region.
Shuaiba Formation is one of the main productive zones in the Middle East,and its exploration and research issues are mainly related to the stratigraphic-lithologic trap at present. On the basis of limited cores,well logging and geophysical data,the sedimentary facies at Aptian Stage were summarized. By analyzing the stratigraphic framework and comparing the spatial distribution features of each sedimentary unit,we restored the evolution process of the sedimentary units and established the carbonate sedimentary model. It is concluded that,there are four types of sedimentary facies and six sub-facies exist in the Shuaiba Formation,including open platform,platform margin,slope and basin facies. Sedimentary facies are controlled by four third-order sequences and distributed along the periphery of the Bab Basin. The sediments of Lower Shuaiba strata formed in the open platform and related to the second third-order sequence,while the Upper Shuaiba strata which corresponds to the third and fourth third-order sequences are dominated from the platform edge to the Bab Basin. The Shuaiba reef and shoal are concentrated at high stand system tract of second third-order sequence,and the interbank sea,slope and the basin facies are related to the transgressive or low system tracts. The identification and comparison of sedimentary facies show that,weak rimmed carbonate ramp-platform developed during the Aptian. The weak rimmed carbonate rampplatform has very gentle slope and gentle slope with a weak reef construction. The platform marginal reef and shoal superimposed each other and distributed as a belt in region.
引文
Al-Hussein MI and Matthews RK.2010.Tuning Late Barremian-Aptian Arabian Plate and global sequences with orbital periods.In:Van Buchem FSP,Al-Husseini MI,Maurer F and Droste HJ(eds.).Barremian-Aptian stratigraphy and hydrocarbon habitat of the eastern Arabian Plate.Bahrain:Gulf Petro Link,1:199-228
Bai GP.2007.Oil and Gas Geological Characteristics of Oil and Gas Fields in the Middle East.Beijing:China Petrochemical Press,1-112(in Chinese)
Barnhardt WA,Richmond BM,Grossman EE and Hart P.2005.Possible modes of coral-reef development at Molokai,Hawaii,inferred from seismic-reflection profiling.Geo-Marine Letters,25(5):315-323
Bernard JP,Eberli GP,Al-Mehsin K,Al-Menhali S,Warrlich G,Droste H,Maurer F,Whitworth J and Drysdale D.2010.Seismic stratigraphy and depositional history of the Upper Shu’aiba(Late Aptian)in the UAE and Oman.In:Van Buchem FSP,Al-Husseini MI,Maurer F and Droste HJ(eds.).Barremian-Aptian Stratigraphy and Hydrocarbon Habitat of the Eastern Arabian Plate.Bahrain:Gulf Petro Link,4(2):411-444
Bliefnick FS and Harris PM.1983.Deposition and porosity evolution of a Lower Cretaceous rudist buildup,Shuaiba Formation of eastern Arabian Peninsula.In:Harris PM(ed.).Carbonate Buildups-ACore Workshop.Dallas:SEPM,381-410
Davies RB,Casey DM,Horbury AD,Sharland PR and Simmons MD.2002.Early to Mid-Cretaceous mixed carbonate-siliciclastic shelfal systems:Examples,issues and models from the Arabian Plate.Geo Arabia,7(3):541-598
Duan HG,Zhou CQ,Zhang QC and Zhang FQ.2014.The plays character of the abundant hydrocarbon area in the Middle East and their exploration potential.Earth Science Frontiers,21(3):118-126(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gu JY,Ma F and Ji LD.2009.Types,characteristics and main controlling factors of carbonate platform.Journal of Palaeogeography,11(1):21-27(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gumati YD.1993.Kinetic modelling,thermal maturation and hydrocarbon generation in the United Arab Emirates.Marine and Petroleum Geology,10(2):153-161
Harzali M,Troudi H,Ben Boubaker K and Ouali J.2014.Carbonate platform-margins and reefs distribution using 2-D seismic analysis,Central Tunisia.Journal of African Earth Sciences,100:109-120
Liu H,Luo SC,Tan XC,Li L,Lian CB,Zeng W,Luo B and Shan SJ.2015.Restoration of paleokarst geomorphology of Sinian Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin and its significance,SW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,42(3):283-293(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sharland PR,Archer R,Casey DM,Davies RB,Hall SH,Heward AP,Horbury AD and Simmons MD.2001.Arabic plate sequence stratigraphy.In:Geo Arabia Special Publication.Bahrain:Gulf Petro Link,2:391
Strohmenger CJ,Weber LJ,Ghani A,Al-Mehsin,Al-Jeelani O,AlMansoori A,Al-Dayyani T,Vaughan L,Khan SA and Mitchell JC.2006.high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and reservoir characterization of Upper Thamama(Lower Cretaceous)Reservoirs of a Giant Abu Dhabi Oil Field,United Arab Emirates.In:Harris PM and Weber LJ(eds.).Giant Hydrocarbon Reservoirs of the World:From Rocks to Reservoir Characterization and Modeling.Tulsa:AAPG,139-171
Taher AA.1997.Delineation of organic richness and thermal history of the Lower Cretaceous Thamama Group,East Abu Dhabi:A modeling approach for oil exploration.Geo Arabia,2(1):65-88
Terken JMJ,Frewin NL and Indrelid SL.2001.Petroleum systems of Oman:Charge timing and risks.AAPG Bulletin,85(10):1817-1845
Tucker ME and Wright VP.1990.Carbonate Sedimentology.Oxford,U.K.:Blackwell Science Ltd.
Van Buchem FSP,Pittet B,Hillgrtner H,Gr9tsch J,Al-Mansouri AI,Billing IM,Droste HHJ,Oterdoom WH and van Steenwinkel M.2002.High-resolution sequence stratigraphic architecture of Barremian/Aptian carbonate systems in Northern Oman and the United Arab Emirates(Kharaib and Shu’aiba Formations).Geo Arabia,7(3):461-501
Van Buchem FSP,Al-Husseini MI,Maurer F,Droste HJ and Yose LA.2010.Sequence-stratigraphic synthesis of the Barremian-Aptian of the eastern Arabian Plate and implications for the petroleum habitat.In:Van Buchem FSP,Al-Husseini MI,Maurer F and Droste HJ(eds.).Barremian-Aptian Stratigraphy and Hydrocarbon Habitat of the Eastern Arabian Plate.Bahrain:Gulf Petro Link,4(1):9-48
Wang F,Jiang ZX,Zhou LQ,Wang L,Zheng N and Xiang SA.2007.Sedimentary facies model on carbonate rock in the Upper Shuaiba member of Lower Cretaceous in Daleel Field,Oman.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,25(2):192-200(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yose LA,Strohmenger CJ,Hosani IA,Bloch G and Mehairi YA.2010.Sequence-stratigraphic evolution of an Aptian carbonate platform(Shu’aiba Formation),eastern Arabian Plate,onshore Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates.In:Van Buchem FSP,Al-Husseini MI,Maurer F and Droste HJ(eds.).Barremian-Aptian Stratigraphy and Hydrocarbon Habitat of the Eastern Arabian Plate.Bahrain:Gulf Petro Link,309-340
Zhao WZ,Shen AJ,Zhou JG,Wang XF and Lu JM.2014.Types,characteristics,origin and exploration significance of reef-shoal reservoirs:A case study of Tarim basin,NW China and Sichuan Basin,SW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,41(3):257-267(in Chinese with English abstract)
白国平.2007.中东油气区油气地质特征.北京:中国石化出版社,1-112
段海岗,周长迁,张庆春,张凡芹.2014.中东油气富集区成藏组合特征及其勘探领域.地学前缘,21(3):118-126
顾家裕,马锋,季丽丹.2009.碳酸盐岩台地类型、特征及主控因素.古地理学报,11(1):21-27
刘宏,罗思聪,谭秀成,李凌,连承波,曾伟,罗冰,山述娇.2015.四川盆地震旦系灯影组古岩溶地貌恢复及意义.石油勘探与开发,42(3):283-293
王锋,姜在兴,周丽清,赵国良,王林,郑宁,向树安.2007.阿曼Daleel油田下白垩统Shuaiba组上段碳酸盐岩沉积相模式.沉积学报,25(2):192-200
赵文智,沈安江,周进高,王小芳,陆俊明.2014.礁滩储集层类型、特征、成因及勘探意义---以塔里木和四川盆地为例.石油勘探与开发,41(3):257-267
(1)C&C. 2012. Field evaluation report. Lekhwair Field,Rub Al Khali Basin.(unpublished PDF database)
Bai GP.2007.Oil and Gas Geological Characteristics of Oil and Gas Fields in the Middle East.Beijing:China Petrochemical Press,1-112(in Chinese)
Barnhardt WA,Richmond BM,Grossman EE and Hart P.2005.Possible modes of coral-reef development at Molokai,Hawaii,inferred from seismic-reflection profiling.Geo-Marine Letters,25(5):315-323
Bernard JP,Eberli GP,Al-Mehsin K,Al-Menhali S,Warrlich G,Droste H,Maurer F,Whitworth J and Drysdale D.2010.Seismic stratigraphy and depositional history of the Upper Shu’aiba(Late Aptian)in the UAE and Oman.In:Van Buchem FSP,Al-Husseini MI,Maurer F and Droste HJ(eds.).Barremian-Aptian Stratigraphy and Hydrocarbon Habitat of the Eastern Arabian Plate.Bahrain:Gulf Petro Link,4(2):411-444
Bliefnick FS and Harris PM.1983.Deposition and porosity evolution of a Lower Cretaceous rudist buildup,Shuaiba Formation of eastern Arabian Peninsula.In:Harris PM(ed.).Carbonate Buildups-ACore Workshop.Dallas:SEPM,381-410
Davies RB,Casey DM,Horbury AD,Sharland PR and Simmons MD.2002.Early to Mid-Cretaceous mixed carbonate-siliciclastic shelfal systems:Examples,issues and models from the Arabian Plate.Geo Arabia,7(3):541-598
Duan HG,Zhou CQ,Zhang QC and Zhang FQ.2014.The plays character of the abundant hydrocarbon area in the Middle East and their exploration potential.Earth Science Frontiers,21(3):118-126(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gu JY,Ma F and Ji LD.2009.Types,characteristics and main controlling factors of carbonate platform.Journal of Palaeogeography,11(1):21-27(in Chinese with English abstract)
Gumati YD.1993.Kinetic modelling,thermal maturation and hydrocarbon generation in the United Arab Emirates.Marine and Petroleum Geology,10(2):153-161
Harzali M,Troudi H,Ben Boubaker K and Ouali J.2014.Carbonate platform-margins and reefs distribution using 2-D seismic analysis,Central Tunisia.Journal of African Earth Sciences,100:109-120
Liu H,Luo SC,Tan XC,Li L,Lian CB,Zeng W,Luo B and Shan SJ.2015.Restoration of paleokarst geomorphology of Sinian Dengying Formation in Sichuan Basin and its significance,SW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,42(3):283-293(in Chinese with English abstract)
Sharland PR,Archer R,Casey DM,Davies RB,Hall SH,Heward AP,Horbury AD and Simmons MD.2001.Arabic plate sequence stratigraphy.In:Geo Arabia Special Publication.Bahrain:Gulf Petro Link,2:391
Strohmenger CJ,Weber LJ,Ghani A,Al-Mehsin,Al-Jeelani O,AlMansoori A,Al-Dayyani T,Vaughan L,Khan SA and Mitchell JC.2006.high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and reservoir characterization of Upper Thamama(Lower Cretaceous)Reservoirs of a Giant Abu Dhabi Oil Field,United Arab Emirates.In:Harris PM and Weber LJ(eds.).Giant Hydrocarbon Reservoirs of the World:From Rocks to Reservoir Characterization and Modeling.Tulsa:AAPG,139-171
Taher AA.1997.Delineation of organic richness and thermal history of the Lower Cretaceous Thamama Group,East Abu Dhabi:A modeling approach for oil exploration.Geo Arabia,2(1):65-88
Terken JMJ,Frewin NL and Indrelid SL.2001.Petroleum systems of Oman:Charge timing and risks.AAPG Bulletin,85(10):1817-1845
Tucker ME and Wright VP.1990.Carbonate Sedimentology.Oxford,U.K.:Blackwell Science Ltd.
Van Buchem FSP,Pittet B,Hillgrtner H,Gr9tsch J,Al-Mansouri AI,Billing IM,Droste HHJ,Oterdoom WH and van Steenwinkel M.2002.High-resolution sequence stratigraphic architecture of Barremian/Aptian carbonate systems in Northern Oman and the United Arab Emirates(Kharaib and Shu’aiba Formations).Geo Arabia,7(3):461-501
Van Buchem FSP,Al-Husseini MI,Maurer F,Droste HJ and Yose LA.2010.Sequence-stratigraphic synthesis of the Barremian-Aptian of the eastern Arabian Plate and implications for the petroleum habitat.In:Van Buchem FSP,Al-Husseini MI,Maurer F and Droste HJ(eds.).Barremian-Aptian Stratigraphy and Hydrocarbon Habitat of the Eastern Arabian Plate.Bahrain:Gulf Petro Link,4(1):9-48
Wang F,Jiang ZX,Zhou LQ,Wang L,Zheng N and Xiang SA.2007.Sedimentary facies model on carbonate rock in the Upper Shuaiba member of Lower Cretaceous in Daleel Field,Oman.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,25(2):192-200(in Chinese with English abstract)
Yose LA,Strohmenger CJ,Hosani IA,Bloch G and Mehairi YA.2010.Sequence-stratigraphic evolution of an Aptian carbonate platform(Shu’aiba Formation),eastern Arabian Plate,onshore Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates.In:Van Buchem FSP,Al-Husseini MI,Maurer F and Droste HJ(eds.).Barremian-Aptian Stratigraphy and Hydrocarbon Habitat of the Eastern Arabian Plate.Bahrain:Gulf Petro Link,309-340
Zhao WZ,Shen AJ,Zhou JG,Wang XF and Lu JM.2014.Types,characteristics,origin and exploration significance of reef-shoal reservoirs:A case study of Tarim basin,NW China and Sichuan Basin,SW China.Petroleum Exploration and Development,41(3):257-267(in Chinese with English abstract)
白国平.2007.中东油气区油气地质特征.北京:中国石化出版社,1-112
段海岗,周长迁,张庆春,张凡芹.2014.中东油气富集区成藏组合特征及其勘探领域.地学前缘,21(3):118-126
顾家裕,马锋,季丽丹.2009.碳酸盐岩台地类型、特征及主控因素.古地理学报,11(1):21-27
刘宏,罗思聪,谭秀成,李凌,连承波,曾伟,罗冰,山述娇.2015.四川盆地震旦系灯影组古岩溶地貌恢复及意义.石油勘探与开发,42(3):283-293
王锋,姜在兴,周丽清,赵国良,王林,郑宁,向树安.2007.阿曼Daleel油田下白垩统Shuaiba组上段碳酸盐岩沉积相模式.沉积学报,25(2):192-200
赵文智,沈安江,周进高,王小芳,陆俊明.2014.礁滩储集层类型、特征、成因及勘探意义---以塔里木和四川盆地为例.石油勘探与开发,41(3):257-267
(1)C&C. 2012. Field evaluation report. Lekhwair Field,Rub Al Khali Basin.(unpublished PDF database)
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