灌木层的叉叶苏铁种内和种间竞争
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摘要
通过对广西叉叶苏铁群落中48株对象木及757株竞争木的调查,运用Hegyi单木竞争指数模型计算分析叉叶苏铁种内和种间竞争强度,研究物种竞争关系对叉叶苏铁天然更新的影响。结果表明:叉叶苏铁的种内和种间竞争强度比例分别为3.79%和96.21%,说明竞争主要来自种间。叉叶苏铁的伴生种较多,种内与主要伴生种间的竞争关系为仪花>潺槁木姜子>天仙果>龙眼>灰毛浆果楝>红背山麻杆>叉叶苏铁。竞争强度随对象木高度增大而减小,当对象木高度<0.6 m时,所受到的竞争强度较大;当高度>0.6 m时,竞争强度变化很小。种内竞争与总体竞争强度和对象木高度的关系服从幂函数关系,种内竞争中则服从S曲线方程,所得预测模型能很好地预测叉叶苏铁种内和种间竞争强度。对于株高<0.6 m的叉叶苏铁个体应加强保护,可采取人工抚育措施降低种间竞争压力,提高叉叶苏铁天然更新成功率。
Based on the field investigation data of 48 Cycas micholitzii target trees and 757 competitive trees in Guangxi,this paper analyzed the intraspecific and interspecific competition intensity of Cycas micholitzii. The Hegyi individual competitive indices(IC)model was used to explore the effects of species competition on the natural regeneration of Cycas micholitzii. The results showed that the intraspecific and interspecific competition intensity of Cycas micholitzii accounted for 3.79% and 96.21% of the total competition intensity,respectively,indicating a remarkable effect on the interspecific competition. The value of the main competition intensity was laid out in numerical order,i. e.,Lysidice rhodostegia > Litsea glutinosa > Ficus erecta var. beecheyana > Dimocarpus longan >Cipadessa cinerascens > Alchornea trewioides > Cycas micholitzii. Notably,the competition intensity of Cycas micholitzii decreased inversely to height,which showed a stronger competition at heights<0.6 m and appeared weaker at heights>0.6 m. The relationship between the height of objective trees and the competition intensity and between competitive and objective trees in the whole forest and the Cycas micholitzii population nearly conformed to a power function,while that between other competitive trees and objective Cycas micholitzii trees conformed to an S curve equation. In conclusion,this model could effectively predict the intraspecific and interspecific competition of Cycas micholitzii. Individuals of Cycas micholitzii<0.6 m in height should be protected. Artificial tending measures can be taken to reduce the pressure of interspecific competition in order to increase the natural regeneration success rate of Cycas micholitzii.
Based on the field investigation data of 48 Cycas micholitzii target trees and 757 competitive trees in Guangxi,this paper analyzed the intraspecific and interspecific competition intensity of Cycas micholitzii. The Hegyi individual competitive indices(IC)model was used to explore the effects of species competition on the natural regeneration of Cycas micholitzii. The results showed that the intraspecific and interspecific competition intensity of Cycas micholitzii accounted for 3.79% and 96.21% of the total competition intensity,respectively,indicating a remarkable effect on the interspecific competition. The value of the main competition intensity was laid out in numerical order,i. e.,Lysidice rhodostegia > Litsea glutinosa > Ficus erecta var. beecheyana > Dimocarpus longan >Cipadessa cinerascens > Alchornea trewioides > Cycas micholitzii. Notably,the competition intensity of Cycas micholitzii decreased inversely to height,which showed a stronger competition at heights<0.6 m and appeared weaker at heights>0.6 m. The relationship between the height of objective trees and the competition intensity and between competitive and objective trees in the whole forest and the Cycas micholitzii population nearly conformed to a power function,while that between other competitive trees and objective Cycas micholitzii trees conformed to an S curve equation. In conclusion,this model could effectively predict the intraspecific and interspecific competition of Cycas micholitzii. Individuals of Cycas micholitzii<0.6 m in height should be protected. Artificial tending measures can be taken to reduce the pressure of interspecific competition in order to increase the natural regeneration success rate of Cycas micholitzii.
引文
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[25]华伟平,丘甜,江希钿,等.黄山松单木竞争分析及模型建立[J].森林与环境学报,2017,37(2):201-206.
[26]林晗,吴承祯,陈辉,等.杉木-千年桐人工混交林种内种间竞争关系分析[J].福建林学院学报,2014,34(4):316-321.
[27]王晓霞,张钦弟,毕润成,等.山西稀有濒危植物脱皮榆种内和种间竞争[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(7):1 756-1 761.
[28]张光富,姚锐,蒋悦茜,等.安徽万佛山不同生境下银缕梅的种内与种间竞争强度[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(7):1 744-1 750.
[2]项小燕,吴甘霖,段仁燕,等.大别山五针松种内和种间竞争强度[J].生态学报,2015,35(2):389-395.
[3]孙嘉男,王孝安,郭华,等.黄土高原柴松群落优势乔木树种的竞争关系[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(11):2 162-2 167.
[4]陈永刚,汤孟平,杨春菊,等.天然毛竹林竞争空间关系分析[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(7):726-735.
[5] FILIPESCU C N,COMEAU P G. Competitive interactions between aspen and white spruce vary with stand age in borealmixedwoods[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2007,247(1/2/3):175-184.
[6] MALEKI K,KIVISTE A,KORJUS H. Analysis of individual tree competition on diameter growth of Silver Birch in Estonia[J]. Forest Systems,2015,24(2):e023.
[7] GRAFF P,AGUIAR M F,CHANETON E J. Shifts in positive and negative plant interactions along a grazing intensitygradient[J]. Ecology,2007,88(1):188-199.
[8]张池,黄忠良,李炯,等.黄果厚壳桂种内与种间竞争的数量关系[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(1):22-26.
[9]胡贝娟,张钦弟,张玲,等.山西太岳山连翘群落优势种种间关系[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(4):845-851.
[10]蒋国梅,孙国,张光富,等.濒危植物宝华玉兰种内与种间竞争[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(2):201-206.
[11]印红.中国珍稀濒危植物图鉴[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2013:53.
[12]莫鹏巧.部分苏铁种类亲缘关系的ISSR分析及分类学研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2008.
[13]梁飞飞.中国苏铁属(Cycas L.)植物分子系统学研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2015.
[14]龚奕青.叉叶类苏铁的遗传分化和谱系地理研究[D].昆明:云南大学,2015.
[15]莫鹏巧,黄玉源,钟晓青,等.利用正交设计法对叉叶苏铁ISSR-PCR反应体系的优化研究[J].植物研究,2008,28(3):304-309.
[16]农保选,黄玉源,刘驰.基于RAPD分析的中国苏铁属部分种类亲缘关系探讨[J].广西植物,2011,31(2):167-174,226.
[17]郑芳勤,郑品光.再论叉叶类苏铁的进化地位[J].林业勘察设计,2003(1):17-19.
[18]谢建光,刘念.苏铁属叉叶苏铁亚组国产种类的羽片比较解剖学研究[J].广西植物,2012,32(5):587-592.
[19]李娟,林建勇,何应会,等.广西崇左叉叶苏铁种群结构与分布格局研究[J].广东农业科学,2016,43(12):25-29.
[20]何中声,刘金福,吴彩婷,等.林窗对格氏栲天然林更新层物种竞争的影响[J].山地学报,2012,30(2):165-171.
[21]刘方炎,李昆,廖声熙,等.濒危植物翠柏的个体生长动态及种群结构与种内竞争[J].林业科学,2010,46(10):23-28.
[22]李帅锋,刘万德,苏建荣,等.滇西北金沙江流域云南红豆杉群落种内与种间竞争[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(1):33-38.
[23]陈振华,陈青来,王胤,等.马尾松+红锥、杂交松+红锥混交幼林种间关系[J].广西林业科学,2013,42(2):169-172.
[24]何中声,刘金福,洪伟,等.中亚热带格氏栲天然林幼苗竞争强度研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2011,19(3):230-236.
[25]华伟平,丘甜,江希钿,等.黄山松单木竞争分析及模型建立[J].森林与环境学报,2017,37(2):201-206.
[26]林晗,吴承祯,陈辉,等.杉木-千年桐人工混交林种内种间竞争关系分析[J].福建林学院学报,2014,34(4):316-321.
[27]王晓霞,张钦弟,毕润成,等.山西稀有濒危植物脱皮榆种内和种间竞争[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(7):1 756-1 761.
[28]张光富,姚锐,蒋悦茜,等.安徽万佛山不同生境下银缕梅的种内与种间竞争强度[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(7):1 744-1 750.