2001—2017年山东省审定小麦高产品种农艺、产量和品质性状演变分析
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摘要
为了给山东省小麦生产及高产育种提供参考依据,本研究统计了山东省2001—2017年审定的83个高产品种的主要农艺性状、品质性状,并对其演变趋势进行分析。结果表明:2001—2017年山东省审定高产品种的产量水平呈显著上升趋势,平均每年提高83.30 kg/hm~2;单位面积穗数总体呈增加趋势,穗粒数、千粒重演变趋势不明显;生育期明显缩短,平均每年缩短0.48 d;株高的演变趋势不明显。面团稳定时间、沉淀值、吸水率呈上升趋势;籽粒蛋白质含量呈下降趋势;面粉白度、湿面筋含量的演变趋势不明显。产量与单位面积穗数极显著正相关,与千粒重正相关不显著,与单穗粒数负相关。产量与蛋白质含量负相关,与湿面筋含量、沉淀值、吸水率、面团稳定时间及面粉白度均为正相关,但相关系数较小,说明产量性状和品质性状之间在一定范围内可协调。小麦高产育种必须通过产量三因素协调改良、综合提高来实现。从产量三因素看,中多穗品种更适合山东省的气候和生产条件,选育穗数600万～700万/hm~2、穗粒数35～40粒、千粒重40～50 g、株高75～80 cm的小麦品种更容易实现高产稳产。
In order to provide references for wheat production and high-yield breeding in Shandong Province, the evolution trends of main agronomic characters and quality traits of 83 high-yield wheat varieties approved in Shandong Province from 2001 to 2017 were analyzed in this study. The results showed that the yield increased significantly with an average annual increase of 83.30 kg/hm~2. The panicle number per unit area showed an increasing trend, however, the grain number per spike and thousand-grain weight did not change significantly. The growth period was shortened by 0.48 days per year, but the evolution trend of plant height was not obvious. The dough stable time, sedimentation value, water absorption rate showed an increasing trend, while the grain protein content decreased. The changes of flour whiteness and wet gluten content were not obvious. Yield was significantly correlated with the number of spikes per unit area and correlated with thousand-grain weight, but negatively correlated with the grain number per spike. Yield was negatively correlated with the protein content, and positively correlated with wet gluten content, sedimentation value, water absorption rate, dough stable time and flour whiteness, but the correlation coefficient was small, which indicated that the yield and quality traits could be coordinated within a certain range. So, high-yield breeding must be achieved through the coordinated and comprehensive improvement of the three factors of yield. From this perspective, the spike number of(6～7)×10~6/hm~2, 35～40 grains per ear,thousand-grain weight of 40～50 g, and plant height 75～80 cm would be more likely to achieve high and stable yield under the climate and production conditions in Shandong Province.
In order to provide references for wheat production and high-yield breeding in Shandong Province, the evolution trends of main agronomic characters and quality traits of 83 high-yield wheat varieties approved in Shandong Province from 2001 to 2017 were analyzed in this study. The results showed that the yield increased significantly with an average annual increase of 83.30 kg/hm~2. The panicle number per unit area showed an increasing trend, however, the grain number per spike and thousand-grain weight did not change significantly. The growth period was shortened by 0.48 days per year, but the evolution trend of plant height was not obvious. The dough stable time, sedimentation value, water absorption rate showed an increasing trend, while the grain protein content decreased. The changes of flour whiteness and wet gluten content were not obvious. Yield was significantly correlated with the number of spikes per unit area and correlated with thousand-grain weight, but negatively correlated with the grain number per spike. Yield was negatively correlated with the protein content, and positively correlated with wet gluten content, sedimentation value, water absorption rate, dough stable time and flour whiteness, but the correlation coefficient was small, which indicated that the yield and quality traits could be coordinated within a certain range. So, high-yield breeding must be achieved through the coordinated and comprehensive improvement of the three factors of yield. From this perspective, the spike number of(6～7)×10~6/hm~2, 35～40 grains per ear,thousand-grain weight of 40～50 g, and plant height 75～80 cm would be more likely to achieve high and stable yield under the climate and production conditions in Shandong Province.
引文
[1] 何中虎,林作楫,王龙俊,等. 中国小麦品质区划的研究[J]. 中国农业科学,2002, 35(4):359-364.
[2] 胡学旭,周桂英,吴丽娜,等. 中国主产区小麦在品质区域间的差异[J]. 作物学报, 2009,35(6):1167-1172.
[3] 周艳华,何中虎,阎俊,等. 中国小麦品种磨粉品质研究[J]. 中国农业科学,2003, 36(6):615-621.
[4] 张俊灵,闫金龙,张东旭,等. 北部冬麦区旱地小麦品种的演变规律[J]. 麦类作物学报,2017,37(8):1017-1024.
[5] 金彦刚,谷成林,蒋厚良,等. 关中地区小麦育成品种部分农艺性状的遗传演变[J]. 江苏农业科学,2012,40(10):52-54.
[6] 杨洪强,田文仲,吴少辉,等. 1982—2010年河南省旱地小麦品种主要农艺性状的遗传演变规律[J]. 河南农业科学,2014,43(5):38-41.
[7] 郭瑞,李正玲,张煜,等. 30a来河南省不同类型小麦品种产量和农艺性状演变规律[J]. 河南农业科学,2018,47(4):15-20.
[8] 曹廷杰,赵虹,王西成,等. 河南省半冬性小麦品种主要农艺性状的演变规律[J]. 麦类作物学报,2010,30(3):439-442.
[9] 刘新月,裴磊,卫云宗. 黄淮旱地小麦品种产量性状演变研究[J]. 农学学报,2015,5(7):1-8.
[10] 张巧凤,吴纪中,颜伟,等. 江苏省沿海地区小麦品种更替与演变分析[C]//第六届全国小麦基因组学及分子育种大会论文集. 2015.
[11] 王成社,刘录祥,谢彦周,等. 陕西关中麦区小麦品种产量及其构成的演变[J]. 麦类作物学报,2018,38(9):1080-1083.
[12] Zhou Y,Zhu H Z,Cai S B,et al. Genetic improvement of grain yield and associated traits in the southern China winter wheat region:1949 to 2000[J]. Euphytica, 2007,157(3):465-473.
[13] 王江春,于波,王荣,等. 山东省小麦品种演变及产量性状的遗传分析[J]. 山东农业科学,2007(2):5-7,9.
[14] Xiao Y G,Qian Z G,Wu K,et al. Genetic gains in grain yield and physiological traits of winter wheat in Shandong Province,China,from 1969 to 2006[J]. Crop Science,2012,52(1):44-56.
[15] 宋健民,戴双,李豪圣,等. 山东省近年来审定小麦品种农艺和品质性状演变分析[J]. 中国农业科学,2013,46(6):1114-1126.
[16] 李鸿恩,张玉良,吴秀琴,等. 我国小麦种质资源主要品质特性鉴定结果及评价[J]. 中国农业科学,1995,28(5):29-37.
[17] 万富世,王光瑞,李宗智. 我国小麦品质现状及其改良目标初探[J]. 中国农业科学, 1989,22(3):14-21.
[18] 李宗智,孙馥亭,张彩英,等. 不同小麦品种品质特性及其相关性的初步研究[J]. 中国农业科学,1990,23(6):35-41.
[19] 刘莲,胡延吉,田纪春,等. 山东省小麦籽粒品质性状的演变及相关分析[J]. 种子, 2003(6):12-15.
[20] 朱保磊,谢科军,薛辉,等. 河南省小麦品种(系)的品质状况及演变规律[J]. 麦类作物学报,2017,37(5):623-631.
[2] 胡学旭,周桂英,吴丽娜,等. 中国主产区小麦在品质区域间的差异[J]. 作物学报, 2009,35(6):1167-1172.
[3] 周艳华,何中虎,阎俊,等. 中国小麦品种磨粉品质研究[J]. 中国农业科学,2003, 36(6):615-621.
[4] 张俊灵,闫金龙,张东旭,等. 北部冬麦区旱地小麦品种的演变规律[J]. 麦类作物学报,2017,37(8):1017-1024.
[5] 金彦刚,谷成林,蒋厚良,等. 关中地区小麦育成品种部分农艺性状的遗传演变[J]. 江苏农业科学,2012,40(10):52-54.
[6] 杨洪强,田文仲,吴少辉,等. 1982—2010年河南省旱地小麦品种主要农艺性状的遗传演变规律[J]. 河南农业科学,2014,43(5):38-41.
[7] 郭瑞,李正玲,张煜,等. 30a来河南省不同类型小麦品种产量和农艺性状演变规律[J]. 河南农业科学,2018,47(4):15-20.
[8] 曹廷杰,赵虹,王西成,等. 河南省半冬性小麦品种主要农艺性状的演变规律[J]. 麦类作物学报,2010,30(3):439-442.
[9] 刘新月,裴磊,卫云宗. 黄淮旱地小麦品种产量性状演变研究[J]. 农学学报,2015,5(7):1-8.
[10] 张巧凤,吴纪中,颜伟,等. 江苏省沿海地区小麦品种更替与演变分析[C]//第六届全国小麦基因组学及分子育种大会论文集. 2015.
[11] 王成社,刘录祥,谢彦周,等. 陕西关中麦区小麦品种产量及其构成的演变[J]. 麦类作物学报,2018,38(9):1080-1083.
[12] Zhou Y,Zhu H Z,Cai S B,et al. Genetic improvement of grain yield and associated traits in the southern China winter wheat region:1949 to 2000[J]. Euphytica, 2007,157(3):465-473.
[13] 王江春,于波,王荣,等. 山东省小麦品种演变及产量性状的遗传分析[J]. 山东农业科学,2007(2):5-7,9.
[14] Xiao Y G,Qian Z G,Wu K,et al. Genetic gains in grain yield and physiological traits of winter wheat in Shandong Province,China,from 1969 to 2006[J]. Crop Science,2012,52(1):44-56.
[15] 宋健民,戴双,李豪圣,等. 山东省近年来审定小麦品种农艺和品质性状演变分析[J]. 中国农业科学,2013,46(6):1114-1126.
[16] 李鸿恩,张玉良,吴秀琴,等. 我国小麦种质资源主要品质特性鉴定结果及评价[J]. 中国农业科学,1995,28(5):29-37.
[17] 万富世,王光瑞,李宗智. 我国小麦品质现状及其改良目标初探[J]. 中国农业科学, 1989,22(3):14-21.
[18] 李宗智,孙馥亭,张彩英,等. 不同小麦品种品质特性及其相关性的初步研究[J]. 中国农业科学,1990,23(6):35-41.
[19] 刘莲,胡延吉,田纪春,等. 山东省小麦籽粒品质性状的演变及相关分析[J]. 种子, 2003(6):12-15.
[20] 朱保磊,谢科军,薛辉,等. 河南省小麦品种(系)的品质状况及演变规律[J]. 麦类作物学报,2017,37(5):623-631.
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