施磷对滴灌苜蓿干草产量及磷素含量的影响
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摘要
为探讨不同施磷量对滴灌苜蓿干草产量、吸磷量及苜蓿磷素利用效率的影响,明确不同磷素水平下土壤全磷和速效磷的含量分布特征。试验设4种施磷梯度,分别为施P_2O_5 0 kg·hm~(-2)(CK)、50 kg·hm~(-2)(P_1)、100 kg·hm~(-2)(P_2)、150 kg·hm~(-2)(P_3),采用滴灌水肥一体化施肥方式,平均分4次分别在返青后的分枝期、第1茬、第2茬、第3茬刈割后3～5 d施入。结果表明,各茬次苜蓿植株叶片、茎秆磷含量在P_2处理下达到最大值,其中叶片磷含量数值分别为0.223%,0.275%,0.292%和0.218%;茎秆磷含量数值分别为0.202%,0.223%,0.201%和0.146%。苜蓿叶片磷含量大于茎秆磷含量。滴灌苜蓿植株的干草产量、吸磷量随着施磷量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,在第1茬P_2处理达到最大值,数值分别为6.54 t·hm~(-2)和13.78 kg·hm~(-2)。土壤全磷含量、速效磷含量随着施磷量的增加呈逐渐增大的趋势,且各施磷处理显著大于未施磷处理(P<0.05),滴灌苜蓿总干草产量在P_2处理条件下达到最大,达21.24 t·hm~(-2)。苜蓿的磷素利用效率为随施磷量的增加呈逐渐降低的趋势,P_1处理苜蓿的磷素利用效率在第1茬达到最大值为28.37%。滴灌苜蓿植株吸磷量与干草产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。当施P_2O_5为100 kg·hm~(-2)(P_2)时,能够有效促进苜蓿根系对土壤速效磷的吸收,提高苜蓿磷素利用效率,进而提高滴灌苜蓿干草产量。
This research aimed to explore the effect of different phosphorus(P) fertilizer application rates on the yield and P use efficiency of alfalfa, and to determine the soil total P and available P levels and plant tissue P levels under the different P fertilizer regimes. P fertilizer rates applied in the experiment were(as P_2O_5 equivalent) 0 kg·ha~(-1)(CK), 50 kg·ha~(-1)(P_1), 100 kg·ha~(-1)(P_2) and 150 kg·ha~(-1)(P_3). The P fertilizer was applied together with irrigation water under drip irrigation, beginning at the branching stage of spring growth following winter dormancy, and subsequently 3-5 d after the first, second and third cuts. The maximum P concentration of leaves and stems was attained under the P_2 treatment. The P concentration of leaves was 0.223%, 0.275%, 0.292% and 0.218%, under CK, P_1, P_2, and P_3 treatments, respectively; and the corresponding P concentration of stems was 0.202%, 0.223%, 0.201% and 0.146%. Hence, the P concentration of alfalfa leaves was higher than the P concentration of stems. The hay dry matter yield and elemental P yield were also maximized under the P_2 treatment(6.54 t·ha~(-1) and 13.78 kg·ha~(-1), respectively). Soil total P concentration and available P concentration increased with increased P fertilizer. The P fertilizer treatments had significantly greater soil P than the CK treatment(P<0.05). The P use efficiency decreased with increased P application, and was highest(28.37%) in the P_1 treatment at the first cutting. The phosphorus uptake of drip-irrigated alfalfa was significantly positively correlated with the hay yield of alfalfa(P<0.01). In conclusion, for the P_2 treatment(100 kg·ha~(-1) P_2O_5), and this treatment promoted absorption of soil available P by the alfalfa roots, improved the P use efficiency of alfalfa, and improved the hay yield.
This research aimed to explore the effect of different phosphorus(P) fertilizer application rates on the yield and P use efficiency of alfalfa, and to determine the soil total P and available P levels and plant tissue P levels under the different P fertilizer regimes. P fertilizer rates applied in the experiment were(as P_2O_5 equivalent) 0 kg·ha~(-1)(CK), 50 kg·ha~(-1)(P_1), 100 kg·ha~(-1)(P_2) and 150 kg·ha~(-1)(P_3). The P fertilizer was applied together with irrigation water under drip irrigation, beginning at the branching stage of spring growth following winter dormancy, and subsequently 3-5 d after the first, second and third cuts. The maximum P concentration of leaves and stems was attained under the P_2 treatment. The P concentration of leaves was 0.223%, 0.275%, 0.292% and 0.218%, under CK, P_1, P_2, and P_3 treatments, respectively; and the corresponding P concentration of stems was 0.202%, 0.223%, 0.201% and 0.146%. Hence, the P concentration of alfalfa leaves was higher than the P concentration of stems. The hay dry matter yield and elemental P yield were also maximized under the P_2 treatment(6.54 t·ha~(-1) and 13.78 kg·ha~(-1), respectively). Soil total P concentration and available P concentration increased with increased P fertilizer. The P fertilizer treatments had significantly greater soil P than the CK treatment(P<0.05). The P use efficiency decreased with increased P application, and was highest(28.37%) in the P_1 treatment at the first cutting. The phosphorus uptake of drip-irrigated alfalfa was significantly positively correlated with the hay yield of alfalfa(P<0.01). In conclusion, for the P_2 treatment(100 kg·ha~(-1) P_2O_5), and this treatment promoted absorption of soil available P by the alfalfa roots, improved the P use efficiency of alfalfa, and improved the hay yield.
引文
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[2]Bouizgaren A, Farissi M, Ghoulam C, et al. Assessment of summer drought tolerance variability in Mediterranean alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars under Moroccan fields conditions. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 2013, 59(1): 147-160.
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[4]Zhao Y, Xie K Y, Yang X F, et al. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio fertilizer on the yield and quality of Aohan alfalfa. Pratacultural Science, 2013, 30(5): 723-727.赵云, 谢开云, 杨秀芳, 等. 氮磷钾配比施肥对敖汉苜蓿产量和品质的影响. 草业科学, 2013, 30(5): 723-727.
[5]Su Y L, Zhang L J, Sun Q Z, et al. Effects of variable water and nutrient regimes on nutrients of alfalfa. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2011, 19(5): 821-824.苏亚丽, 张力君, 孙启忠, 等. 水肥耦合对敖汉苜蓿营养成分的影响. 草地学报, 2011, 19(5): 821-824.
[6]Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Soil Census Office. Xinjiang production and construction corps reclamation area soil. Urumqi: Xinjiang Science and Technology Health Press, 1993.新疆生产建设兵团土壤普查办公室编. 新疆生产建设兵团垦区土壤. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆科技卫生出版社, 1993.
[7]Liu W H. Change of SOM TN and TP in four soil great group of northern Xinjiang in 1980-2014. Urumqi: Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2016.刘文惠. 1980年和2014年北疆四种典型土壤有机质、全氮和全磷的对比变化研究. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学, 2016.
[8]Jiang H X, Liu D, Zhai G Y, et al. Effects of fertilizer combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the forge yield Medicago sativa. Pratacultural Science, 2012, 29(9): 1441-1445.姜慧新, 刘栋, 翟桂玉, 等. 氮、磷、钾配合施肥对紫花苜蓿产草量的影响. 草业科学, 2012, 29(9): 1441-1445.
[9]Song C, Han X Z. Advances in phosphorus in long-term fertilized soil. Soil, 2009, 41(1): 21-26.宋春, 韩晓增. 长期施肥条件下土壤磷素的研究进展. 土壤, 2009, 41(1): 21-26.
[10]Liu X B, Xing B S, Herbert S J. Soil quality and its assessment indicators. System Sciences and Comprehensive Studies in Agricultures, 2002, 18(2): 109-112.刘晓冰, 邢宝山, Herbert S J. 土壤质量及其评价指标. 农业系统科学与综合研究, 2002, 18(2): 109-112.
[11]Pizzeghello D, Berti A, Nardi S, et al. Phosphorus-related properties in the profiles of three Italian soils after long-term mineral and manure applications. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2014, 189: 216-228.
[12]Mu H F, Wang J, Liu K, et al. Effect of long-term fertilization on spatial distribution and availability of soil phosphorus in Loess Plateau. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2008, 14(3): 424-430.慕韩锋, 王俊, 刘康, 等. 黄土旱塬长期施磷对土壤磷素空间分布及有效性的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2008, 14(3): 424-430.
[13]Huo H L, Wang Q, Shi S L, et al. Effect of irrigation and phosphor supply levels on the number of shoot, hay yield and water use efficiency of alfalfa. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2013, 44(4): 905-911.霍海丽, 王琦, 师尚礼, 等. 灌溉和施磷对紫花苜蓿分枝数、干草产量及水分利用效率的影响. 土壤通报, 2013, 44(4): 905-911.
[14]Liu W L, Shi S L, Tian F P, et al. Spatial distribution of alfalfa biomass and response of leaf C, N, P ecological stoichiometry to P addition. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2017, 25(2): 322-329.刘文兰, 师尚礼, 田福平, 等. 紫花苜蓿生物量空间层次分布与叶片C、N、P化学计量特征对P添加的响应. 草地学报, 2017, 25(2): 322-329.
[15]Zhang F F, Yu L, Ma C H, et al. Effect of phosphorus application under drip irrigation on the productivity and quality of alfalfa in Northern Xinjiang. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(10): 175-182.张凡凡, 于磊, 马春晖, 等. 绿洲区滴灌条件下施磷对紫花苜蓿生产性能及品质的影响. 草业学报, 2015, 24(10): 175-182.
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