超高海拔光伏电站低电压穿越测试系统设计关键技术
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摘要
西北高海拔地区太阳能资源丰富,大规模光伏电站并网影响西北电网安全稳定,低电压穿越能力是光伏电站可靠接入西北电网的重要指标。海拔超过4 000m的超高海拔地区开展光伏发电系统低电压穿越能力测试需要解决测试装备的频繁操作过电压与高原电气设备绝缘配合等问题,防止出现绝缘放电事故。测试系统的绝缘放电问题既取决于投切电抗器产生的高频过电压,也与狭小空间内设备布置结构优化设计相关。首先结合光伏发电低电压穿越试验系统,提出了超高海拔地区光伏电站低电压穿越测试装备设计方法,并针对影响瞬态过电压的因素进行了理论分析,提出了抑制试验过程中过电压的有效措施。通过有限元分析方法对车载空间内部的电场强度进行校核,保障超高海拔环境下车载狭小空间结构设计不出现绝缘放电风险点,保障了设备的电气绝缘安全。设计方案成功应用于海拔超过4 000m地区的低电压穿越测试系统,并开展多个电站低电压穿越测试。
The solar energy resources of high-altitude areas in Northwestern China are abundant and the large-scale gridconnected photovoltaic(PV)power station affects the safety and stability of the northwest power grid.The low voltage ridethrough(LVRT)capability is an important indicator for the reliable access of PV power station to the northwest power grid.The LVRT test of PV power generation system in ultra-high altitude areas with an altitude over 4 000 meters needs to solve the problems of frequent operation overvoltage of test equipment and insulation coordination of plateau electrical equipment to prevent the occurrence of insulation discharge accidents.The insulation discharge problem of the test system depends not only on the high-frequency overvoltage generated by the switching reactor,but also on the optimal design of the equipment layout structure in a small space.An LVRT experimental system for PV power generation is proposed,and a method for the development of LVRT test equipment for PV power station in the ultra-high altitude regions is proposed.The factors that affect the transient overvoltage are analyzed theoretically,and the measures for the suppression of overvoltage in the test process are finally suggested.Through the finite element analysis method,the electric field strength inside the vehicle-mounted space is checked to ensure that no risk of insulation discharge occurs in the narrow space structure of the vehicle under the ultra-high altitude environment,and the electrical insulation safety of the equipment is ensured.The design scheme has been successfully applied to LVRT test system at an altitude of over 4 000 meters,and LVRT tests are carried out for several power stations.
The solar energy resources of high-altitude areas in Northwestern China are abundant and the large-scale gridconnected photovoltaic(PV)power station affects the safety and stability of the northwest power grid.The low voltage ridethrough(LVRT)capability is an important indicator for the reliable access of PV power station to the northwest power grid.The LVRT test of PV power generation system in ultra-high altitude areas with an altitude over 4 000 meters needs to solve the problems of frequent operation overvoltage of test equipment and insulation coordination of plateau electrical equipment to prevent the occurrence of insulation discharge accidents.The insulation discharge problem of the test system depends not only on the high-frequency overvoltage generated by the switching reactor,but also on the optimal design of the equipment layout structure in a small space.An LVRT experimental system for PV power generation is proposed,and a method for the development of LVRT test equipment for PV power station in the ultra-high altitude regions is proposed.The factors that affect the transient overvoltage are analyzed theoretically,and the measures for the suppression of overvoltage in the test process are finally suggested.Through the finite element analysis method,the electric field strength inside the vehicle-mounted space is checked to ensure that no risk of insulation discharge occurs in the narrow space structure of the vehicle under the ultra-high altitude environment,and the electrical insulation safety of the equipment is ensured.The design scheme has been successfully applied to LVRT test system at an altitude of over 4 000 meters,and LVRT tests are carried out for several power stations.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.光伏发电站接入电力系统技术规定:GB/T 19964-2012[S].2012.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China,Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Technical requirements for connecting photovoltaic power station to power system:GB/T 19964-2012[S].2012.
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[4]张军军,郑飞,黄晶生,等.用于光伏低电压穿越测试的电压跌落发生器设计与试验[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(19):108-113.ZHANG Junjun,ZHENG Fei,HUANG Jingsheng,et al.Design and test of voltage sag generators for low voltage ridethrough test of photovoltaic systems[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(19):108-113.
[5]李红涛,张军军,包斯嘉,等.小型并网光伏电站移动检测平台设计与开发[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(19):39-42.LI Hongtao,ZHANG Junjun,BAO Sijia,et al.Design and development of a mobile detection platform for grid connection of small photovoltaic power stations[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(19):39-42.
[6]NIAYESH K.Reignition development in short vacuum gaps after interruption of high-frequency currents[J].IEEETransactions on Plasma Science,2002,30(1):96-97.
[7]司马文霞,庞锴,杨庆.±800kV特高压换流站直流侧操作过电压的仿真与研究[J].高压电器,2008,44(2):126-128.SIMA Wenxia,PANG Kai,YANG Qing.Simulation and investigation on switching over-voltage at DC Side of UHVDCconverter station with capacity of±800kV[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2008,44(2):126-128.
[8]ANDREA M,PHILIPPE P,崔国顺.合闸弹跳时间对真空断路器性能的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(36):1-6.ANDREA M,PHILIPPE P,CUI Guoshun.Impact of contact bouncing time on performance of vacuum circuit breakers[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(36):1-6
[9]杜宁,关永刚,张景升,等.40.5kV真空断路器开断并联电抗器的过电压防护[J].高电压技术,2010,36(2):345-349.DU Ning,GUAN Yonggang,ZHANG Jingsheng,et al.Protections of overvoltages caused by 40.5kV vacuum circuit breakers switching off shunt reactors[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(2):345-349.
[10]魏旭,周志成,谢天喜,等.真空断路器投入并联电容器的过电压分析及防护[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3193-3198.WEI Xu,ZHOU Zhicheng,XIE Tianxi,et al.Analysis and protection against overvoltages caused by vacuum circuit breakers switching on shunt capacitors[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3193-3198.
[11]谢书勇.真空断路器瞬态过电压的保护装置---阻容保护器[J].高压电器,1997,33(6):15-18.XIE Shuyong.Protector for vacuum circuit breakers switching overvoltage-RC protector[J].High Voltage Apparatus,1997,33(6):15-18.
[12]杜炜,沈琪,汲胜昌,等.合成回路用高压电抗器过电压分析及电场仿真[J].高压电器,2012,48(7):31-37.DU Wei,SHEN Qi,JI Shengchang,et al.Overvoltage analysis and electric field simulation of high voltage reactor in synthetic circuit[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2012,48(7):31-37.
[13]王德顺,杨军,华光辉,等.35kV光伏电站低电压穿越检测装置瞬态过电压抑制措施研究[J].高压电器,2015,51(10):19-23.WANG Deshun,YANG Jun,HUA Guanghui,et al.Study on measure to restrain transient over-voltage in 35kV PV-LVRTexperiment[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(10):19-23.
[14]蒋国顺,蒋苏静,李继光.并联电容器组分闸操作过电压的仿真分析[J].高压电器,2014,50(3):68-73.JIANG Guoshun,JIANG Sujing,LI Jiguang.Simulation and analysis on the switching over-voltage of shunt capacitor bank[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2014,50(3):68-73.
[15]杨波,王德顺,赵上林,等.35kV并网光伏电站低电压穿越检测装置的绝缘配合优化设计[J].高压电器,2015,51(10):8-12.YANG Bo,WANG Deshun,ZHAO Shanglin,et al.Insulation coordination optimization design for low voltage ride through test device of 35kV grid-connected photovoltaic system[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(10):8-12.
[2]廖永力,李锐海,李小建,等.典型空气间隙放电电压修正的试验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(28):171-176.LIAO Yongli,LI Ruihai,LI Xiaojian,et al.Experimental research on typical air gap test voltage correction[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(28):171-176.
[3]周文婷,唐文虎,辛妍丽,等.海上风电场真空断路器投入并联电抗器的过电压及防护[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(3):77-83.DOI:10.7500/AEP20170324002.ZHOU Wenting,TANG Wenhu,XIN Yanli,et al.Overvoltage and its protection of switching shunt reactors by vacuum circuit breakers in offshore wind farms[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(3):77-83.DOI:10.7500/AEP20170324002.
[4]张军军,郑飞,黄晶生,等.用于光伏低电压穿越测试的电压跌落发生器设计与试验[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(19):108-113.ZHANG Junjun,ZHENG Fei,HUANG Jingsheng,et al.Design and test of voltage sag generators for low voltage ridethrough test of photovoltaic systems[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(19):108-113.
[5]李红涛,张军军,包斯嘉,等.小型并网光伏电站移动检测平台设计与开发[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(19):39-42.LI Hongtao,ZHANG Junjun,BAO Sijia,et al.Design and development of a mobile detection platform for grid connection of small photovoltaic power stations[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(19):39-42.
[6]NIAYESH K.Reignition development in short vacuum gaps after interruption of high-frequency currents[J].IEEETransactions on Plasma Science,2002,30(1):96-97.
[7]司马文霞,庞锴,杨庆.±800kV特高压换流站直流侧操作过电压的仿真与研究[J].高压电器,2008,44(2):126-128.SIMA Wenxia,PANG Kai,YANG Qing.Simulation and investigation on switching over-voltage at DC Side of UHVDCconverter station with capacity of±800kV[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2008,44(2):126-128.
[8]ANDREA M,PHILIPPE P,崔国顺.合闸弹跳时间对真空断路器性能的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(36):1-6.ANDREA M,PHILIPPE P,CUI Guoshun.Impact of contact bouncing time on performance of vacuum circuit breakers[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(36):1-6
[9]杜宁,关永刚,张景升,等.40.5kV真空断路器开断并联电抗器的过电压防护[J].高电压技术,2010,36(2):345-349.DU Ning,GUAN Yonggang,ZHANG Jingsheng,et al.Protections of overvoltages caused by 40.5kV vacuum circuit breakers switching off shunt reactors[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(2):345-349.
[10]魏旭,周志成,谢天喜,等.真空断路器投入并联电容器的过电压分析及防护[J].高电压技术,2014,40(10):3193-3198.WEI Xu,ZHOU Zhicheng,XIE Tianxi,et al.Analysis and protection against overvoltages caused by vacuum circuit breakers switching on shunt capacitors[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(10):3193-3198.
[11]谢书勇.真空断路器瞬态过电压的保护装置---阻容保护器[J].高压电器,1997,33(6):15-18.XIE Shuyong.Protector for vacuum circuit breakers switching overvoltage-RC protector[J].High Voltage Apparatus,1997,33(6):15-18.
[12]杜炜,沈琪,汲胜昌,等.合成回路用高压电抗器过电压分析及电场仿真[J].高压电器,2012,48(7):31-37.DU Wei,SHEN Qi,JI Shengchang,et al.Overvoltage analysis and electric field simulation of high voltage reactor in synthetic circuit[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2012,48(7):31-37.
[13]王德顺,杨军,华光辉,等.35kV光伏电站低电压穿越检测装置瞬态过电压抑制措施研究[J].高压电器,2015,51(10):19-23.WANG Deshun,YANG Jun,HUA Guanghui,et al.Study on measure to restrain transient over-voltage in 35kV PV-LVRTexperiment[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(10):19-23.
[14]蒋国顺,蒋苏静,李继光.并联电容器组分闸操作过电压的仿真分析[J].高压电器,2014,50(3):68-73.JIANG Guoshun,JIANG Sujing,LI Jiguang.Simulation and analysis on the switching over-voltage of shunt capacitor bank[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2014,50(3):68-73.
[15]杨波,王德顺,赵上林,等.35kV并网光伏电站低电压穿越检测装置的绝缘配合优化设计[J].高压电器,2015,51(10):8-12.YANG Bo,WANG Deshun,ZHAO Shanglin,et al.Insulation coordination optimization design for low voltage ride through test device of 35kV grid-connected photovoltaic system[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(10):8-12.
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