综合利用多种地壳形变观测资料计算鲜水河断裂带现今滑动速率
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摘要
本文首先沿走向将鲜水河断裂带划分为炉霍、道孚、乾宁、康定和磨西五个断裂段,利用沿断裂带布设的跨断层短基线、短水准场地测量资料计算了近场的断层活动参数,利用覆盖断裂带相对较大区域的重力、GPS观测资料计算了重力场动态变化、GPS速度场.基于重力场动态变化和GPS速度场采用蚁群算法和粒子群算法(具有全局优化的优势)分别反演计算了五个断裂段断层活动参数,将结果中的走滑分量作为五个断裂段的现今走滑速率.通过对以上三类现今走滑速率及五个断裂段的地质平均滑动速率进行融合与对比分析,将重力资料反演计算结果作为断裂带整体走滑速率,与跨断层短基线、短水准测量计算的断层滑动速率结果进行对比分析,初步判定了各跨断层短基线、短水准场地所跨断裂的性质,最终给出了五个断裂段的现今整体左旋走滑速率和部分分支断裂左旋走滑速率,结果为:(1)炉霍段为9.13mm·a~(-1),虾拉沱区域西支断裂为2.46mm·a~(-1),东支断裂为5.84mm·a~(-1).(2)道孚段为8.57mm·a~(-1),东南段沟普区域西支断裂为1.78mm·a~(-1),东支断裂为6.79mm·a~(-1).(3)乾宁段为7.67mm·a~(-1).(4)康定段为6.14mm·a~(-1).(5)磨西段为4.41mm·a~(-1).本文还定性讨论了断裂带两侧重力、GPS测点覆盖范围内活动地块的三维弹塑性变形和古地震、历史地震造成的永久位错.
The Xianshuihe fault zone is divided into five segments along its strike.Fault activityparameters are estimated by using crossing fault measuring data of short baselines and short leveling at sites along the fault zone.Regional dynamic gravity and GPS velocity fields are calculated by using gravity and GPS observational data of a large area covering the whole fault zone.We use the ant colony algorithm and particle swarm optimization(PSO)based on resulting data above to invert the fault activity parameters of the five fault segments,and the strike-slip component of each segment is taken as the current fault slip rate.Then we analyze the differences between the three types of the current slip rate as well as geological average slip rates of the five segments,taking the strikeslip rate inverted from gravity data as the slip rate of the whole fault zone.Comparing the whole near-field fault rate with the result of short baselines and short leveling,we determine the features of fault segments measured by short baselines and short leveling,and provide the current overall strike-slip rate of the five segments and several branch faults.The resulting slip rates are as follows:(1)9.13 mm·a~(-1) on the Luhuo segment;2.46 mm·a~(-1) on the west branch fault and 5.84 mm·a~(-1) on the east branch fault in the Xialatuo area.(2)8.57 mm·a~(-1) on the Daofu segment;on its southeast section,the west branch in the Goupu is 1.78 mm·a~(-1),and the east branch is 6.79 mm·a~(-1).(3)7.67 mm·a~(-1) on the Qianning segment.(4)6.14 mm·a~(-1) on the Kangding segment.And(5) 4.41 mm·a~(-1) on the Moxi segment.Moreover,we also discuss qualitatively the 3 Delastic-plastic deformation model of active blocks on both sides of the fault zone covered by gravity and GPS data and permanent displacements caused by paleoand historical earthquakes.
The Xianshuihe fault zone is divided into five segments along its strike.Fault activityparameters are estimated by using crossing fault measuring data of short baselines and short leveling at sites along the fault zone.Regional dynamic gravity and GPS velocity fields are calculated by using gravity and GPS observational data of a large area covering the whole fault zone.We use the ant colony algorithm and particle swarm optimization(PSO)based on resulting data above to invert the fault activity parameters of the five fault segments,and the strike-slip component of each segment is taken as the current fault slip rate.Then we analyze the differences between the three types of the current slip rate as well as geological average slip rates of the five segments,taking the strikeslip rate inverted from gravity data as the slip rate of the whole fault zone.Comparing the whole near-field fault rate with the result of short baselines and short leveling,we determine the features of fault segments measured by short baselines and short leveling,and provide the current overall strike-slip rate of the five segments and several branch faults.The resulting slip rates are as follows:(1)9.13 mm·a~(-1) on the Luhuo segment;2.46 mm·a~(-1) on the west branch fault and 5.84 mm·a~(-1) on the east branch fault in the Xialatuo area.(2)8.57 mm·a~(-1) on the Daofu segment;on its southeast section,the west branch in the Goupu is 1.78 mm·a~(-1),and the east branch is 6.79 mm·a~(-1).(3)7.67 mm·a~(-1) on the Qianning segment.(4)6.14 mm·a~(-1) on the Kangding segment.And(5) 4.41 mm·a~(-1) on the Moxi segment.Moreover,we also discuss qualitatively the 3 Delastic-plastic deformation model of active blocks on both sides of the fault zone covered by gravity and GPS data and permanent displacements caused by paleoand historical earthquakes.
引文
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Wang M,Shen Z K,Gan W J,et al.2008.GPS monitoring of temporal deformation of the Xianshuihe fault.Sci.China Ser.D:Earth Sci.,51(9):1259-1266.
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Chen G H,Xu X W,Wen X Z,et al.2008.Kinematical transformation and slip partitioning of northern to eastern active boundary belt of Sichuan-Yunnan Block.Seismol.Geol.(in Chinese),30(1):58-85.
Deng Q D,Ran Y K,Yang X P,et al.2007.Map of Active Tectonics in China(1:4Million)(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press.
Department of Earth,Atmospheric,and Planetary Science,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California at San Diego.Documentation for the GAMITGPS analysis software,Release 10.45.Cambridge:MIT,2012.
Fang Y,Zhang J,Jiang Z S,et al.2015.Movement characteristics of the northwest segment of the Xianshuihe fault zone derived from cross-fault deformation data.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),58(5):1645-1653,doi:10.6038/cjg20150516.
Gui K C,Gu G H.1992.Recent horizontal deformation and dynamic behavior of tectonic movement along the Xianshuihe Fault Zone in Sichuan China.Seismol.Geol.(in Chinese),14(1):61-67.
Huai Y K,Zhang Y Z,Zhu Y Q,et al.2017.Study on slip velocity of the Xianshuihe fault zone before and after the Kangding earthquake.Prog.Geophys.(in Chinese),32(1):41-47.
Jiang Z S,Wang M,Wang Y Z,et al.2014.GPS constrained coseismic source and slip distribution of the 2013 MW6.6 Lushan,China,earthquake and its tectonic implications.Geophys.Res.Lett.,41(2):407-413,doi:10.1002/2013GL058812.
Li T M,Deng Z H,Lui Y P.2003.Research on the crustal deformation data related to characteristics of strong earthquake(MS≥6.0)distribution in the area of Chuandian(Sichuan-Yunnan),China.Earthq.Res.China(in Chinese),19(2):132-147.
Liu G D.1989.Principles and applications of integrated geophysical interpretation.∥Chinese Journal of Geophysics ed.Progress of Chinese Geophysics in 1980s(in Chinese).Beijing:Scientific Books and Periodicals Press,232.
Liu G Z,Ma J,Zhang H X,et al.2013.Study on activity features of Xianshuihe fault zone with fault creep and short baseline observation for the last 20years.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),56(3):878-891,doi:10.6038/cjg20130317.
Liu J,Zhang Y Z,Wang H Y,et al.2010.Activities of main faults in Hexi area inversed by using particle swarm optimization algorithm from multiple data.J.Geod.Geodyn.(in Chinese),30(5):28-31,47.
Liu N,Zhang Y Z,Wu X L,et al.2009.On movements of active faults by ant colony algorithm inversion using gravity data.J.Geod.Geodyn.(in Chinese),29(4):30-33.
Liu Q Y,Van Der Hilst R D,Li Y,et al.2014.Eastward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau by crustal flow and strain partitioning across faults.Nat.Geosci.,7(5):361-365.
Lu Y P,Li T M,Liao H.1997.Across-fault deformation measurement along the Xianshuihe fault zone and its seismological implications.Seismol.Geol.(in Chinese),19(4):333-340.
Okada Y.1985.Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,75(4):1135-1154.
Okada Y.1992.Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,82(2):1018-1040.
Okubo S.1992.Gravity and potential changes due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space.J.Geophys.Res.,97(B5):7137-7144.
Shen C Y,Wang Q,Wu Y,et al.2002.GPS inversion of kinematic model of the main boundaries of the rhombus block in Sichuan and Yunnan.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),45(3):352-361,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2002.03.007.
Sun W K,Okubo S.2002.Effects of earth′s spherical curvature and radial heterogeneity in dislocation studies-for a point dislocation.Geophys.Res.Lett.,29(12):1605.
Wang H Y,Liu J,Shan F.2015.Fault slip velocity inversion by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm with leveling data.J.Geod.Geodyn.(in Chinese),35(1):30-33.
Wang M,Shen Z K,Gan W J,et al.2008.GPS monitoring of temporal deformation of the Xianshuihe fault.Sci.China Ser.D:Earth Sci.,51(9):1259-1266.
Wang M.2009.Coseismic slip distribution of the 2008 Wenchuan great earthquake constrained using GPS coseismic displacement field.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),52(10):2519-2526,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2009.10.010.
Wang S X,Jiang F Y,Hao M,et al.2013.Investigation of features of present 3Dcrustal movement in eastern edge of Tibet Plateau.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),56(10):3334-3345,doi:10.6038/cjg20131010.
Wang Y Z,Wang E N,Shen Z K,et al.2008.GPS-constrained inversion of present-day slip rates along major faults of the Sichuan-Yunnan region,China.Sci.China Ser.D:Earth Sci.,51(9):1267-1283.
Wen X Z,Allen C R,Luo Z L,et al.1989.Segmentation,geometric features,and their seismotectonic implications for the Holocene Xianshuihe Fault zone.Acta Seismol.Sinica(in Chinese),11(4):362-372.
Wen X Z.2000.Character of rupture segmentation of the Xianshuihe-Anninghe-Zemuhe Fault zone,western Sichuan.Seismol.Geol.(in Chinese),22(3):239-249.
Xu X W,Wen X Z,Zheng R Z,et al.2003.Pattern of latest tectonic motion and its dynamics for active blocks in SichuanYunnan region,China.Sci.China Ser.D:Earth Sci.,46(S2):210-226.
Yang J Y,Zhang Y Z,Zhu Y Q,et al.2017.Xianshuihe fault three-dimensional sliding velocity inversion by gravity data.J.Geod.Geodyn.(in Chinese),37(9):913-916.
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