东昆仑断裂滑动速率变化及其对2017年九寨沟地震的应力加载
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摘要
为了解东昆仑断裂活动对2017年8月8日九寨沟M_S7.0地震的影响,本文选取1999—2007年、2013—2017年GPS速度场作为约束,基于块体-位错模型反演计算东昆仑断裂两个时间段的块体运动速率、断裂滑动速率和滑动亏损率,并进一步研究青藏高原东缘最大剪应变率场和九寨沟震区的震间库仑应力累积速率.结果显示,东昆仑断裂中西段左旋走滑速率较高,东段走滑速率较低,自西向东逐步递减,存在明显的梯度.在两个时间段,阿坝块体刚性运动的方向顺时针偏转0.2°,运动速率由12.22mm·a~(-1)增大到15.96mm·a~(-1);东昆仑断裂左旋走滑速率升高,其中西段较为明显(升高约1.2±0.3mm·a~(-1));东昆仑断裂东段闭锁深度和闭锁程度增加;2013—2017年,东昆仑断裂滑动引起的九寨沟震区库仑应力累积速率是1999—2007年的3倍,最大剪应变率也明显升高.因此本文认为:2008年汶川地震和2013年芦山地震后,龙门山断裂部分解锁,阿坝地块活动性增强,东昆仑断裂滑动速率增大,导致九寨沟震区库仑应力加载速率增加,加速了九寨沟地震的孕育过程.
In order to study the influence of the East Kunlun Fault activity on the Jiuzhaigou M_S7.0earthquake which occurred on August 8 2017,we calculate the block motions,slip rates and slip deficits of the East Kunlun Fault during two periods of 1999—2007and 2013—2017based on Block-Dislocation Model and constrained by the GPS velocity fields data.And then,we study the maximum shear strain rate field on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and interseismic Coulomb stress accumulation rate in the source area of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake.We find that the left-lateral strike-slip rate of the mid-west region of East Kunlun Fault is higher than that of east region.The overall trend of slip rate of East Kunlun Fault is progressively decreasing from west towards east with a clear gradient.In these two periods,the azimuth angles of the rigid motion of the Aba block are 164.1°and 164.3°respectively(the clockwise deflection is 0.2°)and the movement rate increases from 12.22mm·a~(-1 )to 15.96mm·a~(-1).The strike-slip rate of the East Kunlun Fault increases,especially the rate of the western section increases by about1.2±0.3mm·a~(-1 )and the coupling fractions in the eastern section of the East Kunlun Fault increase and deepen after 2013,which probably are affected by 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and 2013Lushan earthquake.The accumulative rate of interseismic Coulomb stress in the Jiuzhaigou earthquake region during 2013—2017is three times as big as that during 1999—2007and the maximum shear strain rate is also significantly higher during 2013—2017.This study shows that as the Longmenshan Fault gradually unlocks,the Aba block is becoming more and more active and the slip rate of the East Kunlun Fault increases,which lead to the increasing of the interseismic Coulomb stress accumulation rate in the Jiuzhaigou earthquake area and accelerating the generation of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake.
In order to study the influence of the East Kunlun Fault activity on the Jiuzhaigou M_S7.0earthquake which occurred on August 8 2017,we calculate the block motions,slip rates and slip deficits of the East Kunlun Fault during two periods of 1999—2007and 2013—2017based on Block-Dislocation Model and constrained by the GPS velocity fields data.And then,we study the maximum shear strain rate field on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and interseismic Coulomb stress accumulation rate in the source area of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake.We find that the left-lateral strike-slip rate of the mid-west region of East Kunlun Fault is higher than that of east region.The overall trend of slip rate of East Kunlun Fault is progressively decreasing from west towards east with a clear gradient.In these two periods,the azimuth angles of the rigid motion of the Aba block are 164.1°and 164.3°respectively(the clockwise deflection is 0.2°)and the movement rate increases from 12.22mm·a~(-1 )to 15.96mm·a~(-1).The strike-slip rate of the East Kunlun Fault increases,especially the rate of the western section increases by about1.2±0.3mm·a~(-1 )and the coupling fractions in the eastern section of the East Kunlun Fault increase and deepen after 2013,which probably are affected by 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and 2013Lushan earthquake.The accumulative rate of interseismic Coulomb stress in the Jiuzhaigou earthquake region during 2013—2017is three times as big as that during 1999—2007and the maximum shear strain rate is also significantly higher during 2013—2017.This study shows that as the Longmenshan Fault gradually unlocks,the Aba block is becoming more and more active and the slip rate of the East Kunlun Fault increases,which lead to the increasing of the interseismic Coulomb stress accumulation rate in the Jiuzhaigou earthquake area and accelerating the generation of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake.
引文
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Meng X G,Liu Z G.2013.The MS7.0Lushan earthquake and the activity of the Longmenshan fault zone.Geodesy and Geodynamics,4(3):40-47.
Okada Y.1992.Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,82(2):1018-1040.
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Toda S,Stein R S.2013.The 2011 M=9.0Tohoku oki earthquake more than doubled the probability of large shocks beneath Tokyo.Geophysical Research Letters,40(11):2562-2566,doi:10.1002/grl.50524.
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Wang S,Zhang Y Z,Wu R,et al.2015.Characteristics of strain at eastern margins of the Tibetan Plateau from GPS data.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),35(2):253-257.
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Deng Q D,Gao X,Chen G H,et al.2010.Recent tectonic activity of Bayankala fault-block and the Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series of the Tibetan Plateau.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),17(5):163-178.
Ding K H,Li Z C,Zou R,et al.2014.Model analysis of crust motion in the Chinese mainland by CMONOC.Geodesy and Geodynamics,4(5):1-8.
Fu J D,Ren J W,Zhang J L,et al.2012.Research on late Quaternary paleoearthquake on Tazang Fault on the eastern section of the Kunlun active fault.Quaternary Sciences(in Chinese),32(3):473-483.
Hao X G,Hu X G,Tian L H.2011.Anomalous tremor before2008 MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake:a review.Geodesy and Geodynamics,3(2):56-60.
Hu C Z.2011.Late quaternary activity of the Tazang fault[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Institute of Earthquake Forecasting,China Earthquake Administration.
Huang F Q,Li M,Ma Y C,et al.2017.Studies on earthquake precursors in China:A review for recent 50years.Geodesy and Geodynamics,1(8):1-12.
Kirby E,Whipple K X,Burchfiel B C,et al.2000.Neotectonics of the Min Shan,China:Implications for mechanisms driving Quaternary deformation along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Geological Society of America Bulletin,112(3):375-393.
Kirby E,Harkins N,Wang E Q,et al.2007.Slip rate gradients along the eastern Kunlun fault.Tectonics,26(2):TC2010,doi:10.1029/2006TC002033.
Li C X.2009.The long-term faulting behavior of the eastern segment(Maqin-Maqu)of the east Kunlun Fault since the late Quaternary[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration.
Li C X,Xu X W,Wen X Z,et al.2010.Rupture segmentation and slip partitioning of the mid-eastern part of the Kunlun Fault,north Tibetan Plateau.Science China Earth Sciences,54(11):1730-1745.
Li C X,Yuan D Y,Yang H,et al.2016.The tectonic activity characteristics of Awancang fault in the late Quaternary,the sub-strand of the Eastern Kunlun fault.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),38(1):44-64.
Li Q,Jiang Z S,Wu Y Q,et al.2014.Inversion of locking and distribution of slip deficit in Haiyuan-Liupan fault zone using GPS data.Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University(in Chinese),39(5):575-580.
Li Z J,Ren J W,Qin S L.2017.Contemporary kinematic models and moment deficit of Chinese mainland.Geodesy and Geodynamics,3(8):181-186.
Mao A,Harrison C G,Dixon T H.1999.Noise in GPS coordinate time series.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,104(B2):2797-2816.
McCaffrey R.2002.Crustal block rotations and plate coupling.∥Plate Boundary Zones.Geodynamics Series,101-122.
Meng X G,Liu Z G.2013.The MS7.0Lushan earthquake and the activity of the Longmenshan fault zone.Geodesy and Geodynamics,4(3):40-47.
Okada Y.1992.Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,82(2):1018-1040.
Pang Y J,Cheng H H,Zhang H,et al.2017.Numerical modeling of crustal deformation in the eastern margin of the Bayan Har block and analysis of seismogenic environment of the 2017Jiuzhaigou earthquake.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),60(10):4046-4055,doi:10.6038/cjg20171030.
Qian H,Ma S H,Gong Y.1995.Discussions on the Minjiang fault.Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),11(2):140-146.
Ren J J,Xu X W,Yeats R S,et al.2013.Millennial slip rates of the Tazang fault,the eastern termination of Kunlun fault:Implications for strain partitioning in eastern Tibet.Tectonophysics,608:1180-1200.
Ren J J,Xu X W,Zhang S M,et al.2017.Tectonic transformation at the eastern termination of the Eastern Kunlun fault zone and seismogenic mechanism of the 8August 2017Jiuzhaigou MS7.0earthquake.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),60(10):4027-4045,doi:10.6038/cjg20171029
Savage J C,Burford R O.1973.Geodetic determination of relative plate motion in central California.Journal of Geophysical Research,78(5):832-845.
Savage J C.1983.A dislocation model of strain accumulation and release at a subduction zone.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,88(B6):4984-4996.
Toda S,Lin J,Meghraoui M,et al.2008.12May M=7.9Wenchuan,China,earthquake calculated to increase failure stress and seismicity rate on three major fault systems.Geophysical Research Letters,35(17):L17305,doi:10.1029/2008GL034903.
Toda S,Stein R S.2013.The 2011 M=9.0Tohoku oki earthquake more than doubled the probability of large shocks beneath Tokyo.Geophysical Research Letters,40(11):2562-2566,doi:10.1002/grl.50524.
Wang J J,Xu C J,Freymueller J T,et al.2017.Probing Coulomb stress triggering effects for a MW>6.0earthquake sequence from 1997to 2014along the periphery of the Bayan Har block on the Tibetan Plateau.Tectonophysics,694:249-267,doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2016.11.009.
Wang J J,Xu C J.2017.Coseismic Coulomb stress changes associated with the 2017 MW6.5Jiuzhaigou earthquake(China)and its impacts on surrounding major faults.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),60(11):4398-4420,doi:10.6038/cjg20171127.
Wang Q,Zhang P Z,Freymueller J T,et al.2001.Present-day crustal deformation in China constrained by global positioning system measurements.Science,294(5542):574-577.
Wang S,Zhang Y Z,Wu R,et al.2015.Characteristics of strain at eastern margins of the Tibetan Plateau from GPS data.Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics(in Chinese),35(2):253-257.
Wang W,Wang D J,Zhao B,et al.2014.Horizontal crustal deformation in Chinese Mainland analyzed by CMONOC GPSdata from 2009-2013.Geodesy and Geodynamics,5(3):41-45.
Wessel P,Smith W H F.1995.New,improved version of generic mapping tools released.EOS,76(47):579.
Xu L S,Zhang X,Li C L.2018.Which velocity model is more suitable for the 2017 MS7.0Jiuzhaigou earthquake?.Earth and Planetary Physics,2:163-169,doi:10.26464/epp2018016.
Xu J,Shao Z G,Liu J,et al.2017.Analysis of interaction between great earthquakes in the eastern Bayan Har block based on changes of Coulomb stress.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),60(10):4056-4068,doi:10.6038/cjg2017031.
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