白云凹陷第三系储层中铁白云石的成因机理及与CO_2活动的关系
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摘要
白云凹陷第三系储层中发育大量的铁白云石,受研究区热流背景的影响,铁白云石主要见于高地温梯度地区埋深1000～3000m、地层温度60～130℃的浅—中部地层中及CO_2热流体活动区域。铁白云石的δ~(13)C值(-2.83‰～-1.83‰)具有无机成因的特征,与研究区气藏中幔源岩浆成因CO_2的δ~(13)C值较为一致,铁白云石的δ~(18)O值(-9.45‰～-5.37‰)和~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值(0.7101～0.7161)也反映了其沉淀受到深部热流体活动的影响。以两口典型CO_2气井为例,储层中流体包裹体均一温度及蒙脱石向伊利石的演化特征证明储层经历了热流体侵入;CO_2热流体活动区域不仅是铁白云石集中分布地带,并出现片钠铝石+铁白云石+菱铁矿等示踪CO_2运移、聚集的自生矿物组合。地层中铁白云石、高岭石含量与气藏中CO_2的含量呈正相关关系,绿泥石含量与CO_2、铁白云石含量呈反消长关系。高地温梯度地区丰富的CO_2热流体活动是该地区储层中铁白云石沉淀与含量高的重要原因,无机岩浆成因CO_2是铁白云石沉淀的主要碳源,CO_2热流体充注造成绿泥石等黏土矿物异常转化,为铁白云石沉淀提供了所需的Fe~(2+)、Mg~(2+)离子。
Abundant ankerite occurs in the Tertiary reservoir of Baiyun Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin. Influenced by heat flow background in the study area, ankerite is mainly distributed in the high geothermal gradient area with shallow-medium burial depths from 1000 to 3000 m and temperature between 60～130℃. The δ~(13)C value(-2.83‰～-1.83‰) of the ankerite, which is consistent with that of magmatic origin CO_2 in the gas pool, indicates its inorganic origin. The values(-9.45‰～-5.37‰) of δ~(18)O and ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(0.7101～0.7161)also show that precipitation of the ankerite was affected by the deep hydrothermal fluid activity. Case study of two typical CO_2 gas wells shows that the homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions and evolution of montmorillonite to illite prove that the reservoir underwent thermal fluid invasion. CO_2 thermal fluid activity regions are not only the concentrated distribution area of ankerite but also the places hosting typical authigenic mineral assemblage of dawsonite+ankerite+siderite, which can trace CO_2 migration and accumulation. The contents of ankerite and kaolinite in the formation are positively correlated with that of CO_2 in the gas pool, and the content of chlorite is negatively correlated with that of CO_2 and ankerite. Aabundant CO_2 hydrothermal activity was the main reason for the precipitation of developed ankerite in the high geothermal gradient area. CO_2 of inorganic magmatic origin was the main carbon source for precipitation of the ankerite. The abnormal transformation of clay minerals(such as chlorite) caused by CO_2 thermal fluid charging provided the necessary Fe~(2+), Mg~(2+) ions for precipitation of the ankerite.
Abundant ankerite occurs in the Tertiary reservoir of Baiyun Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin. Influenced by heat flow background in the study area, ankerite is mainly distributed in the high geothermal gradient area with shallow-medium burial depths from 1000 to 3000 m and temperature between 60～130℃. The δ~(13)C value(-2.83‰～-1.83‰) of the ankerite, which is consistent with that of magmatic origin CO_2 in the gas pool, indicates its inorganic origin. The values(-9.45‰～-5.37‰) of δ~(18)O and ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(0.7101～0.7161)also show that precipitation of the ankerite was affected by the deep hydrothermal fluid activity. Case study of two typical CO_2 gas wells shows that the homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions and evolution of montmorillonite to illite prove that the reservoir underwent thermal fluid invasion. CO_2 thermal fluid activity regions are not only the concentrated distribution area of ankerite but also the places hosting typical authigenic mineral assemblage of dawsonite+ankerite+siderite, which can trace CO_2 migration and accumulation. The contents of ankerite and kaolinite in the formation are positively correlated with that of CO_2 in the gas pool, and the content of chlorite is negatively correlated with that of CO_2 and ankerite. Aabundant CO_2 hydrothermal activity was the main reason for the precipitation of developed ankerite in the high geothermal gradient area. CO_2 of inorganic magmatic origin was the main carbon source for precipitation of the ankerite. The abnormal transformation of clay minerals(such as chlorite) caused by CO_2 thermal fluid charging provided the necessary Fe~(2+), Mg~(2+) ions for precipitation of the ankerite.
引文
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Gao Yuqiao, Liu Li, Qu Xiyu. 2005. Gemesis of dawsonite and its indication significance of CO2 migration and accumulation. Advance in Earth Sciences, (10): 1083～1088 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Gao Yuqiao, Liu Li. 2007. Basiccharacteristics of dawsonite-bearing sandstone and its geologic significance. Geological Review, 33(1): 104～111 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Guo Xiaowen, He Sheng, Shi Hesheng, Zhu Junzhang. 2010. Hot fluid activities and the hydrocarbon accumulation in the PY30-1 structure of Panyu Low Uplift, Pearl River Mouth basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 37(3): 297～303 (in Chinese with English abstract).
He Yongyao, Wang Yingming, Xu Cuixia, Chang Yuan. 2012. Characterisitcs and accumulation model of gas chimneys in deep water area of Baiyun Sag, Pearl River Mouth basin. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 17(3) : 62～66 (in Chinese with English abstract).
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Hendry J P. 2002. Geochemical trends and palaeohydrological significance of shallow burial calcite and ankerite cements in Middle Jurassic strata on the East Midlandsshelf (onshore UK). Sedimentary Geology, 151(1-2): 149～176.
Lei Chuan, Luo Jinglan, Ma Yongkun, Li Chi, Zhang Li, Pang Jiang, Li Xiaoyan. 2017. Distribution of carbon dioxide in Baiyun sag and its periphery, Pearl River Mouth Basin. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 37(3):97～106 (in Chinese with English abstract).
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