基于迭代PCA的GPS时间序列震后形变估计方法和应用

详细信息    查看全文 | 推荐本文 |

英文篇名：Iterative PCA estimation and its application to postseismic deformation from GPS coordinate time series 作者：苏利娜 ; 甘卫军 ; 张勇 ; 苏小宁 ; 赵倩 英文作者：SU LiNa;GAN WeiJun;ZHANG Yong;SU XiaoNing;ZHAO Qian;Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics,Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration;Shaanxi Earthquake Administration;School of Geodesy and Geomatics,Wuhan University;China Earthquake Administration;Key Laboratory of Earthquake Forecast,Institute of Earthquake Forecasting,China Earthquake Administration; 关键词：迭代PCA ; GPS坐标时间序列 ; 震后形变 ; MW7.8新西兰Kaikoura地震 英文关键词：Iterative PCA;;GPS coordinate time series;;Postseismic deformation;;MW7.8 Kaikoura earthquake in New Zealand 中文刊名：DQWX 英文刊名：Chinese Journal of Geophysics 机构：中国地震局地质研究所地震动力学国家重点实验室;陕西省地震局;武汉大学测绘学院;中国地震局;中国地震局地震预测研究所地震预测重点实验室; 出版日期：2019-03-15 出版单位：地球物理学报 年：2019 期：v.62 基金：国家自然科学基金(41474090,41604007);; 中国地震局监测、预测、科研三结合课题(CEA-JC/3JH-172703);; 留学人员科技活动项目择优资助(2016);; 中国地震局地震预测研究所基本科研业务费专项(2017IES0305)联合资助 语种：中文; 页：DQWX201903010 页数：10 CN：03 ISSN：11-2074/P 分类号：130-139

摘要

GPS时间序列的震后形变分析对于研究区域震后形变机制和岩石圈流变学特性以及维持国际动态地球参考框架具有重要意义.本文在现有参数估计方法的基础上,提出兼顾震后形变衰减特征空间相关性和整体建模的"迭代PCA参数估计方法",并利用模拟数据证实了新方法可以获取更稳健可靠的震后形变、同震形变和震间速度参数.最后,以37个新西兰GPS连续站坐标时间序列为例,利用迭代PCA方法提取了2016年11月13日Kaikoura地震共性的震后形变时间演化过程和各站点的震后形变,并定量分析了震后形变对地表速度的影响.结果表明各站的震后形变在时间域上以衰减常数τ为4天的对数模型持续松弛;空间域上南岛北东部和北岛最南部震后形变较大,其中,最大震后形变点为cmbl站,截至2017年6月10日NEU方向累计的震后形变分别达到107mm,135mm和187mm,地表速度分别达到133.58mm·a-1,112.05mm·a-1和175.58mm·a-1,仍高于稳定的震间速度.
        Analysis of postseismic deformation from GPS coordinate time series is of great significance for earth science such as the mechanism of postseismic deformation and rheology of lithosphere as well as the maintenance of dynamitic Terrestrial Reference Frame.On the basis ofthe current parameter estimation method for GPS coordinate time series,we proposed an iterative PCA method which takes both the spatial correlation of postseismic deformation and overall modeling into account,and proved its advantages in estimating more robust parameters with the simulated data.Then,we processed the coordinate time series of 37 continuous GPS sites located in New Zealand using this iterative PCA method,obtained the common temporal postseismic process along with the spatial postseismic amplitude for the 13 November 2016 Kaikoura earthquake,and investigated the postseismic effect on the surface velocity.The results show that GPS stations are logarithmically relaxing with a decay constant of 4 days in the temporal domain.The northeastern part of South Island and the southernmost of North Island are of maximum deformation in the spatial domain.Until 10 June 2017,the accumulated deformation in NEU direction of the cmbl station reached 107 mm,135 mm,187 mm,respectively,which is the site of largest postseismic deformation,while the ground surface velocities of cmbl were up to 133.58 mm·a-1,112.05 mm·a-1,175.58 mm·a-1 which remain higher than the interseismic rate.

引文

Altamimi Z,Rebischung P,Métivier L,et al.2016.ITRF2014:Anew release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame modeling non-linear station motions.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,121(8):6109-6131.
    Barbot S,Fialko Y,Bock Y.2009.Postseismic deformation due to the Mw6.0 2004Parkfield earthquake:Stress-driven creep on a fault with spatially variable rate-and-state friction parameters.Journal of Geophysical Research,114(B7):B07405,doi:10.1029/2008JB005748.
    Bock Y,Agnew D C,Fang P,et al.1993.Detection of crustal deformation from the Landers earthquake sequence using continuous geodetic measurements.Nature,361(6410):337-340.
    Bock Y,Melgar D.2016.Physical applications of GPS geodesy:a review.Reports on Progress in Physics,79(10):106801.
    Bradley B A,Razafindrakoto H N T,Polak V.2017.Ground-motion observations from the 14November 2016 Mw7.8Kaikoura,New Zealand,earthquake and insights from broadband simulations.Seismological Research Letters,88(3):740-756,doi:10.1785/0220160225.
    Bürgmann R,Dresen G.2008.Rheology of the lower crust and upper mantle:evidence from rock mechanics,geodesy,and field observations.Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,36:531-567.
    Bürgmann R,Thatcher W.2013.Space geodesy:A revolution in crustal deformation measurements of tectonic processes.∥Bickford M E ed.The Web of Geological Sciences:Advances,Impacts,and Interactions.Geological Society of America Special Paper500,1-34,doi:10.1130/2013.2500(12).
    Ding K H,Freymueller J T,Wang Q,et al.2015.Coseismic and early postseismic deformation of the 5January 2013 Mw7.5Craig earthquake from static and kinematic GPS solutions.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,105(2B):1153-1164,doi:10.1785/0120140172.
    Dong D,Fang P,Bock Y,et al.2006.Spatiotemporal filtering using principal component analysis and Karhunen-Loeve expansion approaches for regional GPS network analysis.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,111(B3),doi:10.1029/2005JB003806.
    Gan W J,Zhang P Z,Shen Z K,et al.2007.Present-day crustal motion within the Tibetan Plateau inferred from GPS measurements.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,112(B8):B08416,doi:10.1029/2005JB004120.
    GeoNet.2016.M8.2Wairarapa Tue,Jan 23 1855.https:∥www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/story/2178057.
    Gonzalez-Ortega A,Fialko Y,Sandwell D,et al.2004.El MayorCucapah(Mw7.2)earthquake:Early near-field postseismic deformation from InSAR and GPS observations.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,119:1482-1497,doi:10.1002/2013JB010193.
    Guttman L.1950.The Principal Components of Scale Analysis.Measurement and Prediction.Princeton:Princeton University Press.
    Hamling I J,Hreinsdóttir S,Clark K,et al.2017.Complex multifault rupture during the 2016 Mw7.8 Kaikōura earthquake,New Zealand.Science,356(6334):eaam7194,doi:10.1126/science.aam7194.
    Liang S M,Gan W J,Shen C Z,et al.2013.Three-dimensional velocity field of present-day crustal motion of the Tibetan Plateau derived from GPS measurements.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,118(10):5722-5732.
    Litchfield N J,Barrell D J A,Begg J G,et al.2016.14th November2016 Kaikoura Earthquake.Preliminary earthquake geology observations,GNS Science,http:∥dx.doi.org/10.21420/G2J01F.
    Marone C J,Scholtz C H,Bilham R.1991.On the mechanics of earthquake afterslip.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,96(B5):8441-8452.
    Meng G J,Su X N,Xu W Z,et al.2016.Postseismic deformation associated with the 2010Yushu,Qinghai MS7.1earthquake by GPS observations.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(12):4570-4583,doi:10.6038/cjg20161219.
    Nikolaidis R M.2002.Observation of geodetic and seismic deformation with the global positioning system[Ph.D.thesis].San Diego:University of California.
    Panet I,Pollitz F,Mikhailov V,et al.2010.Upper mantle rheology from GRACE and GPS postseismic deformation after the 2004Sumatra-Andaman earthquake.Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,11(6):Q06008,258-273.
    Pollitz F F,Peltzer G,Bürgmann R.2000.Mobility of continental mantle:Evidence from postseismic geodetic observations following the 1992Landers earthquake.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,105(B4):8035-8054.
    Savage J C,Svarc J L.1997.Postseismic deformation associated with the1992 Mω=7.3Landers earthquake,southern California.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,102(B2):7565-7577.
    Savage J C,Langbein J.2008.Postearthquake relaxation after the2004 M6Parkfield,California,earthquake and rate-and-state friction.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,113(B10):B10407,doi:10.1029/2008JB005723.
    Savage J C,Svarc J L.2009.Postseismic relaxation following the1992 M7.3Landers and 1999 M7.1Hector Mine earthquakes,southern California.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,114(B1):B01401,doi:10.1029/2008JB005938.
    Segall P.2010.Earthquake and Volcano Deformation.Princeton:Princeton University Press.
    Shen Z K,Jackson D D,Feng Y J,et al.1994.Postseismic deformation following the Landers earthquake,California,28 June 1992.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,84(3):780-791.
    Shi X H,Wang Y,Liu-Zeng J,et al.2017.How complex is the2016 Mw7.8Kaikoura earthquake,South Island,New Zealand?.Science Bulletin,62(5):309-311.
    Tan K,Li J,Wang Q.2007.Lithospheric rheological structure constrained by geodetic data in Altay.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),50(6):1713-1718.
    Tobita M.2016.Combined logarithmic and exponential function model for fitting postseismic GNSS time series after 2011Tohoku-Oki earthquake.Earth,Planets and Space,68(1):41,doi:10.1186/s40623-016-0422-4.
    Wang K,Fialko Y.2014.Space geodetic observations and models of postseismic deformation due to the 2005 M7.6Kashmir(Pakistan)earthquake.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,119(9):7306-7318.
    Zhang C J,Shi Y L,Ma L.2009.Numerical simulation of crust rheological property reflected by post-seismic deformations of
    Kunlun large earthquake.Rock and Soil Mechanics(in Chinese),30(9):2552-2558.
    Zhang J.1996.Continuous GPS measurements of crustal deformation in southern California[Ph.D.thesis].San Diego:University of California.
    Zhao Q,Wu W W,Wu Y L.2017.Using combined GRACE and GPS data to investigate the vertical crustal deformation at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,134:122-129.
    Zhu S B,Cai Y E.2009.Dynamic mechanisms of the post-seismic deformation following large events:Case study of the 1999Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan of China.Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,52(11):1813.
    孟国杰,苏小宁,徐婉桢等.2016.基于GPS观测研究2010年青海玉树MS7.1地震震后地壳形变特征及其机制.地球物理学报,59(12):4570-4583,doi:10.6038/cjg20161219.
    谭凯,李杰,王琪.2007.大地测量约束下的阿尔泰山岩石圈流变结构.地球物理学报,,50(6):1713-1718.
    张晁军,石耀霖,马丽.2009.昆仑山大地震震后形变反映的地壳岩石流变特性.岩土力学,30(9):2552-2558.
    朱守彪,蔡永恩.2009.强震后地表变形的动力学机制研究---以1999年台湾集集地震为例.中国科学D辑:地球科学,39(9):1209-1219.