黔西北地区优势树种根区土壤养分特征
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摘要
为优化黔西北地区喀斯特退化生态系统群落配置,以该区12个优势树种(亮叶桦、银白杨、云南松、华山松、白栎、毛栗、栓皮栎、川榛、马桑、火棘、金丝桃、杜鹃)为研究对象,运用主成分分析法(PCA)对各优势树种根区土壤pH值、供肥强度以及根区土壤和凋落物的C、N、P生态化学计量特征等指标进行评价,揭示其根区土壤养分特征。结果表明:优势树种根区土壤供N、供P及供K强度的均值分别为5.55%、0.36%和0.66%,总体水平较低;生态化学计量特征整体表现为凋落物>土壤。根区土壤大多呈酸性,对土壤供N、供K强度存在极显著的增强效应(P<0.01),对供P强度无显著效应;供N强度、供K强度显著影响土壤生态化学计量比,而供P强度的影响不显著。华山松凋落物C∶N(138.66)、C∶P(1 311.63)均显著高于其余优势树种,根区土壤供K强度最低;火棘根区土壤pH值、供N及供K强度显著高于其余优势树种,根区土壤与凋落物C∶N、C∶P均处于最低水平。根区土壤养分综合指数为:华山松>白栎>马桑>杜鹃>栗>云南松>银白杨>亮叶桦>栓皮栎>川榛>金丝桃>火棘。华山松较其它树种有很好的养分蓄存效应。
This study attempts to provide a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration in degraded ecosystems in the northwestern Guizhou Province,through analysis of the characteristics of soil nutrients in the root zones of 12 dominant species and by using principal component analysis to evaluate the soil nutrient status in each ecosystem. The results showed that mean nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K) supply intensity for the dominant species in the karst plateau were 5.55%,0.36%,and0.66%,respectively. The overall N,P,and K supply intensity was relatively lower. The characteristics of ecological stoichiometry exhibited the trend: litter > root zone soil. The soil pH value in the root zone was mostly acidic,which had a significant positive correlation with N and K supply intensity(P<0.01),but not with P supply intensity. There was a significant correlation between N supply intensity,K supply intensity,and the characteristics of ecological stoichiometry,while the effect of P supply intensity was not significant. The integrated nutrient index in the zoot zone soil decreased in the following order: Pinus armandii > Quercus fabr >Coriaria nepalensis > Rhododendron simsii > Castanea mollissima > Pinus yunnanensis > Populus alba > Betula luminifera > Quercus variabilis>Corylus heterophylla>Hypericum monogynum>Pyracantha fortuneana. The integrated fertility index(IFI) value of Pinus armandii was the largest. Its litter C ∶ N ratio and litter C ∶ P ratio were 138.66 and 1 311.63,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the other species. Pinus armandii had the lowest K supply intensity,with a value of 0.28%. The IFI value of Pyracantha fortuneana was the smallest. Its root zone soil pH,N supply intensity,and K supply intensity were 6.95,21.31%,and2.27%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the other species. Besides,the root zone soil C ∶ N ratio,root zone soil C ∶ P ratio,litter C ∶ N ratio,and litter C ∶ P ratio of Pyracantha fortuneana were the lowest. The above results showed that Pinus armandii may have a good nutrient retention ability.
This study attempts to provide a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration in degraded ecosystems in the northwestern Guizhou Province,through analysis of the characteristics of soil nutrients in the root zones of 12 dominant species and by using principal component analysis to evaluate the soil nutrient status in each ecosystem. The results showed that mean nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K) supply intensity for the dominant species in the karst plateau were 5.55%,0.36%,and0.66%,respectively. The overall N,P,and K supply intensity was relatively lower. The characteristics of ecological stoichiometry exhibited the trend: litter > root zone soil. The soil pH value in the root zone was mostly acidic,which had a significant positive correlation with N and K supply intensity(P<0.01),but not with P supply intensity. There was a significant correlation between N supply intensity,K supply intensity,and the characteristics of ecological stoichiometry,while the effect of P supply intensity was not significant. The integrated nutrient index in the zoot zone soil decreased in the following order: Pinus armandii > Quercus fabr >Coriaria nepalensis > Rhododendron simsii > Castanea mollissima > Pinus yunnanensis > Populus alba > Betula luminifera > Quercus variabilis>Corylus heterophylla>Hypericum monogynum>Pyracantha fortuneana. The integrated fertility index(IFI) value of Pinus armandii was the largest. Its litter C ∶ N ratio and litter C ∶ P ratio were 138.66 and 1 311.63,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the other species. Pinus armandii had the lowest K supply intensity,with a value of 0.28%. The IFI value of Pyracantha fortuneana was the smallest. Its root zone soil pH,N supply intensity,and K supply intensity were 6.95,21.31%,and2.27%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the other species. Besides,the root zone soil C ∶ N ratio,root zone soil C ∶ P ratio,litter C ∶ N ratio,and litter C ∶ P ratio of Pyracantha fortuneana were the lowest. The above results showed that Pinus armandii may have a good nutrient retention ability.
引文
[1]宾振钧,王静静,张文鹏,等.氮肥添加对青藏高原高寒草甸6个群落优势种生态化学计量学特征的影响[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(3):231-237.
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[5]袁红,盛浩,廖超林,等.湖南省几种母质类型水稻土土壤肥力特征[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(3):151-156.
[6]贺金生,韩兴国.生态化学计量学:探索从个体到生态系统的统一化理论[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):2-6.
[7]王绍强,于贵瑞.生态系统碳氮磷元素的生态化学计量学特征[J].生态学报,2008,28(8):3 937-3 947.
[8]潘复静,张伟,王克林,等.典型喀斯特峰丛洼地植被群落凋落物C∶N∶P生态化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2011,31(2):335-343.
[9]GSEWELL S,VERHOEVEN J T A. Litter N∶P ratios indicate whether N or P limits the decomposability of graminoid leaflitter[J]. Plant and Soil,2006,287(1/2):131-143.
[10]刘丽,徐明恺,汪思龙,等.杉木人工林土壤质量演变过程中土壤微生物群落结构变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(15):4 692-4 706.
[11]王飞,李清华,林诚,等.福建冷浸田土壤质量评价因子的最小数据集[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1 461-1 468.
[12]池永宽.石漠化治理中农草林草空间优化配置技术与示范[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2015.
[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008:74-271.
[14]符裕红,彭琴,李安定,等.喀斯特石灰岩产状地下生境的土壤质量[J].森林与环境学报,2017,37(3):353-359.
[15]卢纹岱,朱红兵. SPSS统计分析[M]. 5版.北京:电子工业出版社,2015:499-519.
[16]林德喜,樊后保,苏兵强,等.马尾松林下套种阔叶树土壤理化性质的研究[J].土壤学报,2004,41(4):655-659.
[17]魏强,凌雷,柴春山,等.甘肃兴隆山森林演替过程中的土壤理化性质[J].生态学报,2012,32(15):4 700-4 713.
[18]胡芳,杜虎,曾馥平,等.典型喀斯特峰丛洼地不同植被恢复对土壤养分含量和微生物多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(6):2 170-2 179.
[19]庞世龙,欧芷阳,申文辉,等.广西喀斯特地区不同植被恢复模式土壤质量综合评价[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(7):60-66.
[20]鲍乾,杨瑞,聂朝俊,等.贵州喀斯特高原花江峡谷区不同恢复模式的土壤养分特征[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(8):2 094-2 102.
[21]白晓航,张金屯.小五台山森林群落优势种的生态位分析[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(12):3 815-3 826.
[22]USHIO M,WAGAI R,BALSER T C,et al. Variations in the soil microbial community composition of a tropical montaneforest ecosystem:does tree species matter?[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(10):2 699-2 702.
[23]刘少冲,段文标,钟春艳,等.阔叶红松林不同大小林隙土壤温度、水分、养分及微生物动态变化[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):78-83,89.
[24]刘兴诏,周国逸,张德强,等.南亚热带森林不同演替阶段植物与土壤中N、P的化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):64-71.
[25]王丹,吕瑜良,徐丽,等.植被类型变化对长白山森林土壤碳矿化及其温度敏感性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(19):6 373-6 381.
[26]曾昭霞,王克林,刘孝利,等.桂西北喀斯特森林植物-凋落物-土壤生态化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(7):682-693.
[27]姚国征,杨婷婷,高永,等.放牧强度对小针茅草原枯落物分解的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(7):167-171.
[28]曾昭霞,王克林,刘孝利,等.桂西北喀斯特区原生林与次生林鲜叶和凋落叶化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(7):1 907-1 914.
[29]李雪峰,韩士杰,胡艳玲,等.长白山次生针阔混交林叶凋落物中有机物分解与碳、氮和磷释放的关系[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):245-251.
[30]REICH P B,OLEKSYN J. Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude[J]. Proceedings ofthe National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(30):11 001-11 006.
[2]VAN LOON L C,BAKKER P A H M,PIETERSE C M J. Systemic resistance induced by rhizosphere bacteria[J]. AnnualReview of Phytopathology,1998,36:453-483.
[3]杨阳,刘秉儒.荒漠草原不同植物根际与非根际土壤养分及微生物量分布特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(22):7 562-7 570.
[4]GRIERSON P F,ADAMS M A. Nutrient cycling and growth in forest ecosystems of south western Australia:relevance toagricultural landscapes[J]. Agroforestry Systems,1999,45(1/2/3):215-244.
[5]袁红,盛浩,廖超林,等.湖南省几种母质类型水稻土土壤肥力特征[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(3):151-156.
[6]贺金生,韩兴国.生态化学计量学:探索从个体到生态系统的统一化理论[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):2-6.
[7]王绍强,于贵瑞.生态系统碳氮磷元素的生态化学计量学特征[J].生态学报,2008,28(8):3 937-3 947.
[8]潘复静,张伟,王克林,等.典型喀斯特峰丛洼地植被群落凋落物C∶N∶P生态化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2011,31(2):335-343.
[9]GSEWELL S,VERHOEVEN J T A. Litter N∶P ratios indicate whether N or P limits the decomposability of graminoid leaflitter[J]. Plant and Soil,2006,287(1/2):131-143.
[10]刘丽,徐明恺,汪思龙,等.杉木人工林土壤质量演变过程中土壤微生物群落结构变化[J].生态学报,2013,33(15):4 692-4 706.
[11]王飞,李清华,林诚,等.福建冷浸田土壤质量评价因子的最小数据集[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(5):1 461-1 468.
[12]池永宽.石漠化治理中农草林草空间优化配置技术与示范[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学,2015.
[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008:74-271.
[14]符裕红,彭琴,李安定,等.喀斯特石灰岩产状地下生境的土壤质量[J].森林与环境学报,2017,37(3):353-359.
[15]卢纹岱,朱红兵. SPSS统计分析[M]. 5版.北京:电子工业出版社,2015:499-519.
[16]林德喜,樊后保,苏兵强,等.马尾松林下套种阔叶树土壤理化性质的研究[J].土壤学报,2004,41(4):655-659.
[17]魏强,凌雷,柴春山,等.甘肃兴隆山森林演替过程中的土壤理化性质[J].生态学报,2012,32(15):4 700-4 713.
[18]胡芳,杜虎,曾馥平,等.典型喀斯特峰丛洼地不同植被恢复对土壤养分含量和微生物多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(6):2 170-2 179.
[19]庞世龙,欧芷阳,申文辉,等.广西喀斯特地区不同植被恢复模式土壤质量综合评价[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(7):60-66.
[20]鲍乾,杨瑞,聂朝俊,等.贵州喀斯特高原花江峡谷区不同恢复模式的土壤养分特征[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(8):2 094-2 102.
[21]白晓航,张金屯.小五台山森林群落优势种的生态位分析[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(12):3 815-3 826.
[22]USHIO M,WAGAI R,BALSER T C,et al. Variations in the soil microbial community composition of a tropical montaneforest ecosystem:does tree species matter?[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(10):2 699-2 702.
[23]刘少冲,段文标,钟春艳,等.阔叶红松林不同大小林隙土壤温度、水分、养分及微生物动态变化[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):78-83,89.
[24]刘兴诏,周国逸,张德强,等.南亚热带森林不同演替阶段植物与土壤中N、P的化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(1):64-71.
[25]王丹,吕瑜良,徐丽,等.植被类型变化对长白山森林土壤碳矿化及其温度敏感性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(19):6 373-6 381.
[26]曾昭霞,王克林,刘孝利,等.桂西北喀斯特森林植物-凋落物-土壤生态化学计量特征[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(7):682-693.
[27]姚国征,杨婷婷,高永,等.放牧强度对小针茅草原枯落物分解的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(7):167-171.
[28]曾昭霞,王克林,刘孝利,等.桂西北喀斯特区原生林与次生林鲜叶和凋落叶化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(7):1 907-1 914.
[29]李雪峰,韩士杰,胡艳玲,等.长白山次生针阔混交林叶凋落物中有机物分解与碳、氮和磷释放的关系[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):245-251.
[30]REICH P B,OLEKSYN J. Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude[J]. Proceedings ofthe National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(30):11 001-11 006.
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