光电互联电路中激光器与光纤间接耦合仿真分析
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摘要
随着大数据、云计算、5G通信等新兴产业的蓬勃发展,数据中心的信息量成指数增长。光电互联电路可实现数据中心服务器内部板间、组件之间、芯片之间的高速、高带宽、高密度、低功耗、低损耗的信息传输,可有效解决高速电互联技术的传输瓶颈。采用光纤作为传输介质可有效降低光电互联电路的制作成本,激光器与光纤的耦合对准技术则是实现光电互联电路的关键技术之一。文中利用ZEMAX光学软件建立了激光器与光纤间接耦合模型,仿真分析了激光器纵向偏移误差、横向偏移误差、角度偏移误差和45°耦合机构倾斜角角度加工误差对耦合效率的影响。仿真结果可为光电互联电路的设计与制造提供指导。
With the flourishing development of the emerging industries such as big data, cloud computing and 5 G communications, information in data centers has grown exponentially. The electro-optical interconnectioncircuit can provide high-speed, high-bandwidth, high-density, low-power and low-loss information transmi-ssion between the internal boards, modules and chips of the servers in data centers thus can effectively solve the bottleneck of high-speed electrical interconnection transmission. Adopting the optical fiber as the transmission medium can reduce the cost of electro-optical interconnection circuit. The coupling alignment of laser and optical fiber is one of the key technologies for actualization of the electro-optical interconnection circuit. In this paper the indirect coupling model of laser and optical fiber is established by ZEMAX. Misalignment effects are simulated and analyzed, including longitudinal offset error, transverse offset error, angular offset error and 45°coupling mechanism angular processing error on coupling efficiency. The simulation results can provide gui-dance for the design and manufacture of electro-optical interconnection circuit in the future.
With the flourishing development of the emerging industries such as big data, cloud computing and 5 G communications, information in data centers has grown exponentially. The electro-optical interconnectioncircuit can provide high-speed, high-bandwidth, high-density, low-power and low-loss information transmi-ssion between the internal boards, modules and chips of the servers in data centers thus can effectively solve the bottleneck of high-speed electrical interconnection transmission. Adopting the optical fiber as the transmission medium can reduce the cost of electro-optical interconnection circuit. The coupling alignment of laser and optical fiber is one of the key technologies for actualization of the electro-optical interconnection circuit. In this paper the indirect coupling model of laser and optical fiber is established by ZEMAX. Misalignment effects are simulated and analyzed, including longitudinal offset error, transverse offset error, angular offset error and 45°coupling mechanism angular processing error on coupling efficiency. The simulation results can provide gui-dance for the design and manufacture of electro-optical interconnection circuit in the future.
引文
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[2] 张国颖, 陈秀忠, 吴庆伟, 等. 云计算数据中心光互联技术及应用趋势[J]. 电信网技术, 2012(12): 29-33.
[3] 余晓杉, 王琨, 顾华玺, 等. 云计算数据中心光互联网络: 研究现状与趋势[J]. 计算机学报, 2015, 38(11): 1-22.
[4] 杨伟, 毛久兵, 冯晓娟. 板级波导光互联技术研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2016, 53(6): 060004.
[5] 毛久兵, 杨伟, 冯晓娟, 等. 柔性光电互联电路研究现状[J]. 激光与光电子学进展, 2016, 53(8): 080004.
[6] KRZYSZTOF N, KLAUS-JURGEN W. Optical inter-connections on PCBs-recent development[C]// Proceedings of International Students and Young Scientists Workshop “Photonics and Microsystems”. Acapulco, Mexico, IEEE, 2004.
[7] BONA G L, OFFREIN B J, BAPST U, et al. Characterization of parallel optical-interconnect waveguides integrated on a printed circuit board[C]// Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering: Micro-Optics, VCSELs, and Photonic Interconnects, 2004, 5453: 134-141.
[8] MARC S, THOMAS K, JüRGEN M, et al. Fibers in printed circuit boards with passively aligned coupling[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2010, 28(15): 2121-2128.
[9] TECK G L, PAMIDIGHANTAM V R, BRYAN S P L, et al. Demonstration of direct coupled optical/electrical circuit board[J]. IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging, 2009, 32(2): 509-516.
[10] KOJI I, JIANGLONG Z, ADISORN T. An integrated micro-optical system for VCSEL to fiber active alignment[J]. Sensors and Actuators A, 2003(103): 109-115.
[11] ISHII Y, TANAKA N, SAKAMOTO T, et al. Fully SMT-compatible optical-IO package with microlens array interface[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2003, 21(1): 275-280.
[12] CHO M H, HWANG S H, CHO H S, et al. High-coupling-efficiency optical interconnection using a 90°-bent fiber array connector in optical printed circuit boards[J]. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2005, 17(3): 690-692.
[13] HIRAMATSU S, MIKAWA T. Optical design of active interposer for high-speed chip level optical interconnects[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2006, 24(2): 927-934.
[14] ROGER K, STEFFAN I, STEFAN W. Commercial VCSELs and VCSEL arrays designed for FDR (14 Gbps) optical links[C]// Proceedings of SPIE, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers XVI, 2012, 8276: 82760G-1-8.
[15] 陈钰清, 王静环. 激光原理[M]. 杭州: 浙江大学出版社, 2010.
[16] 毛久兵, 杨伟, 李建平, 等. 光电互联电路中激光器与光纤直接耦合对准误差仿真分析[J]. 电子工艺技术, 2018, 39(3): 129-132.