中国创业政策40年:历程回顾与趋向展望
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摘要
改革开放40年,我国创业政策演进与经济体制改革保持同步,先后经历了允许个体经济、支持私营经济、鼓励非公有制经济、以创业带动就业、大众创业五个演进阶段,总体呈现出从不健全到完备、从碎片化到整体、从阶段性到系统的梯级进阶历程。经过40年的发展,创业政策虽然日渐丰富,但在政策体系构建、政策战略规划、政策内容设计、政策目标落实等方面依旧存在诸多问题。未来创业政策完善要在坚持与我国经济发展水平相契合的同时,重点围绕创业的核心要素设计政策和助创体系,切实解决"最后一公里"的梗阻问题。
In the 40 years of reform and opening up, the evolution of China's entrepreneurial policy has kept pace with the reform of the economic system. It has undergone five evolutionary stages: allowing the individual economy, supporting the private economy, encouraging the non-public ownership economy, stimulating employment through entrepreneurship, and popular entrepreneurship. The general trend is of the ladder advanced course, from imperfection to completeness, from the fragmentation to the whole, from the stage to the system. After 40 years of development, entrepreneurship policies are becoming more and more abundant, but there are still many problems in the construction of policy systems, strategic planning of policies, design of policy contents, and implementation of policy goals. In the future, the improvement of entrepreneurial policies should adhere to the level of economic development in China. At the same time, we should focus on the core elements of entrepreneurship to design policies and create a support system so as to effectively solve the "last mile"obstruction problem.
In the 40 years of reform and opening up, the evolution of China's entrepreneurial policy has kept pace with the reform of the economic system. It has undergone five evolutionary stages: allowing the individual economy, supporting the private economy, encouraging the non-public ownership economy, stimulating employment through entrepreneurship, and popular entrepreneurship. The general trend is of the ladder advanced course, from imperfection to completeness, from the fragmentation to the whole, from the stage to the system. After 40 years of development, entrepreneurship policies are becoming more and more abundant, but there are still many problems in the construction of policy systems, strategic planning of policies, design of policy contents, and implementation of policy goals. In the future, the improvement of entrepreneurial policies should adhere to the level of economic development in China. At the same time, we should focus on the core elements of entrepreneurship to design policies and create a support system so as to effectively solve the "last mile"obstruction problem.
引文
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[2]刘刚,张再生,吴绍玉,等.中国创业政策体系探索性分析:行动逻辑与策略选择[J].经济问题,2016,(06):13-18.
[3]侯永雄,程圳生.中国近三十年来的创业政策回顾与展望[J].创新与创业教育,2015,(02):5-8.
[4]刘军.中国大学生创业政策:演进逻辑及其趋向[J].山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2015,(03):46-53.
[5]王林昌.非公有制经济管理——个体私营经济管理概论[M].湖北:武汉大学出版社,1998.30-45.
[6][7]李长安.中国四次创业浪潮的演进:从“难民效应”到“企业家效应”[J].北京工商大学学报(社会科学版),2018,(02):1-9.
[8]李爱国,曾庆.“双创”政策态势与下一步展望[J].改革,2017,(10).149-157.
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