晚清民国留学运动与中国比较文学的生成
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摘要
晚清民国时段的留学运动对中国文化和文学均产生了深远影响。学成归国的留学人员,如严复、王国维、鲁迅、陈寅恪、胡适、吴宓、林语堂、朱光潜、钱钟书、傅雷、季羡林等几代学人,在诠释中国文学时能够援西入中,汇通开新,形成了文学研究的世界性眼光和比较视域,且利用域外新知为中国比较文学的学科建构做出了切实贡献,并以卓有见地的研究成果为后继者提供了可供借鉴的研究范例和方法路径,有效地推动中国文学研究的现代转型,今天仍然值得学界去认真梳理和挖掘。
The wave of studying abroad in late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China had a profound influence on Chinese culture and literature. The returnees,such as Yan Fu,Wang Guowei,Lu Xun,Chen Yinke,Hu Shi,Wu Mi,Lin Yutang,Zhu Guangqian,Qian Zhongshu,Fu Lei and Ji Xianlin,etc.,introduced the West into China and integrated them and made innovations when interpreting the Chinese literature. They created the literary worldview and comparative perspective. With the new knowledge from abroad,they made substantial contributions to the subject construction of Chinese Comparative Literature.With the outstanding research results,they provided study paradigms and method paths to the successors. They effectively promoted the modern transformation of Chinese literature research. The Comparative Literature research from the returnees is still worth careful study for the present academia.
The wave of studying abroad in late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China had a profound influence on Chinese culture and literature. The returnees,such as Yan Fu,Wang Guowei,Lu Xun,Chen Yinke,Hu Shi,Wu Mi,Lin Yutang,Zhu Guangqian,Qian Zhongshu,Fu Lei and Ji Xianlin,etc.,introduced the West into China and integrated them and made innovations when interpreting the Chinese literature. They created the literary worldview and comparative perspective. With the new knowledge from abroad,they made substantial contributions to the subject construction of Chinese Comparative Literature.With the outstanding research results,they provided study paradigms and method paths to the successors. They effectively promoted the modern transformation of Chinese literature research. The Comparative Literature research from the returnees is still worth careful study for the present academia.
引文
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傅雷“《高老头》重译本序”,罗新璋编:《翻译论集》。北京:商务印书馆, 1984。558-559。[Fu,Lei.“Preface to the Retranslation of Le Pere Goriot”(gao lao tou chong yi ben xu). Ed.Luo Xinzhang. Anthology of Translation. Beijing:The Commercial Press,1984. 558-559.]
基亚《比较文学》,颜保译。北京:北京大学出版社, 1983。[Guyard,Marius-Francois. Comparative Literature(bi jiao wen xue). Trans. Yan Bao. Bejing:Peking University Press, 1983.]
黑格尔:《精神现象学(上卷)》,贺麟、王玖兴译。北京:商务印书馆, 1987。[Hegel. Phenomenology of Spirit(jing shen xian xiang xue).Trans. He Lin and Wang Jiuxing.Beijing:The Commercial Press,1987.]
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黄霖、黄念然:“中国文学批评近现代转型研究论纲”,《华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》5(2007):103-107。[Huang,Lin and Huang Nianran.“An Outline of the Study on the Modern Transformation of Chinese Literary Criticism(zhong guo wen xue pi ping jin xian dai zhuan xing yan jiu lun gang). Journal of Central China Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)5(2007):103-107.]
季羡林:“中印文学比较研究论文集·序”,《北京大学比较文学研究会通讯》7(1985):1-2。[Ji,Xianlin.“Preface to The Collection of Comparative Studies on Chinese and Indian Literature”(zhong yin wen xue bi jiao yan jiu lun wen ji xu). Bulletin of the Comparative Literature Society of Peking University(7)1985:1-2.]
蒋梦麟:《西潮·新潮》。长沙:岳麓书社,2000。[Jiang,Menglin. West and Current(xi chao xin chao). Changsha:Yue Lu Book Company,2000.]
李亚舒、黎难秋主编:《中国科学翻译史》。武汉:湖北教育出版社,2000。[Li,Yashu and Li Nanqiu. eds. A History of Chinese Scientific Translation.(zhong guo ke xue fan yi shi). Wuhan:Hubei Education Press,2000.]
梁启超:《清代学术概论》,《饮冰室合集(第三十四集)》。北京中华书局,1989。[Liang,Qichao. An Introduction to the Qing Dynasty Academia(qing dai xue shu gai lun). Complete Works of Yinbingshi. vol. 34. Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,1989.]
柳亚子编:《苏曼殊全集(第一册)》。北京:中国书店, 1985。[Liu,Yazi. ed. Complete Works of Su Manshu(su man shu quan ji di yi ce). vol.1. Beijing:China Book Company,1985.]
鲁迅“摩罗诗力说”,《鲁迅全集(第一卷)》。北京:人民文学出版社,2005 a。[Lu,Xun.“On the Power of Romantic Poetry”(mo luo shi 1i shuo). Complete Works of Lu Xun. vol.1. Beijing:People's Literature Press,2005a.]
——:《且介亭杂文二集》,《鲁迅全集(第六卷)》。北京:人民文学出版社,2005 b。65-120。[---. Essay of Shanghai ConcessionⅡ(qie jie ting za wen er ji). Complete Works of Lu Xun. Vol.6 . Beijing:People's Literature Press,2005b. 65-120.]
钱钟书:“林纾的翻译”,《中国翻译》11(1985):2-10。[Qian,Zhongshu.“Lin Shu's Translation”(lin shu de fan yi). Chinese Translators Journal 11(1985):2-10].
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