中药化学生物学——“中药化学”与“生物学”交叉形成的新兴学科
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摘要
中医药学是我国最具原创特色的科学领域,是中国走向世界的一张名片。但是由于中医药学自身遵循一套区别于西方现代医学体系的独特的科学思想和理论体系,长期以来难以被现代社会广泛接受与认可,也严重影响了中医药的国际化。因此,如何创建一套既体现中医药自身特色,又能够桥接现代科学理论的研究策略,全面系统地揭示中医药的独特科学内涵,一直是人们关注的热点问题。课题组经过在中药学领域多年的实践探索与科学思想凝练,首次提出了中药化学生物学(traditional Chinese medicine chemical biology,TCM chemical biology,TCMCB)的概念。其核心思想就是以中医药理论为指导,将中药药效成分作为化学工具,探讨中药调控生命过程的科学本质,架起中医与现代医学之间的桥梁。特别是中药化学生物学聚焦于阐释中药作用靶点和分子机制,发现中药调控疾病进程的基本规律,最终科学诠释中医药理论。该研究思路不仅科学诠释中医药防治疾病的分子机制,而且发现活性分子及其作用靶点,促进创新药物的发展;探讨生命过程的科学本质和疾病发生发展的规律,促进生命科学和现代医学的发展,具有重要意义。该文详细介绍了中药化学生物学的定义、学术思想、研究方法及其技术体系、科学意义,以期为中医药学发展提供新的研究思路和学术思想。
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is a research area with highly original innovation features,and is also a Chinese name card to the world. However,TCM owns a unique theoretical system which is quite different from western modern medicine,leading to an awkward situation of deficient modern social identity as well as poor international spread. Therefore,how to establish a research strategy in line with the characteristics of TCM itself to systematically interpret the unique scientific connotation of TCM is always a public hot topic. Based on persistent practical exploration and scientific consideration in TCM,our group firstly promoted the concept of traditional Chinese medicine chemical biology(TCM chemical biology,TCMCB). The major idea of TCMCB is to clarify the nature of TCM regulating life progress to link TCM to modern medicine by using TCM components as chemical tools. Notably,TCMCB mainly focuses on TCM target identification and TCM-guided disease molecular mechanism exploration,further to clarify the basic law of TCM mediating disease process. Finally,TCMCB-guided scientific studies can help explain TCM theory and promote the developmentof modern innovative drugs based on identified targets using TCM active components. Moreover,TCMCB is of vital importance for investigating the scientific nature of biological progress and the pattern of disease occurrence and development,indicating a key significance for modern life science and medicine. This review introduces the definition of TCMCB as well as its academic thought,research method,technology system and scientific significance,for providing new research ideas and scientific thoughts for TCM development.
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is a research area with highly original innovation features,and is also a Chinese name card to the world. However,TCM owns a unique theoretical system which is quite different from western modern medicine,leading to an awkward situation of deficient modern social identity as well as poor international spread. Therefore,how to establish a research strategy in line with the characteristics of TCM itself to systematically interpret the unique scientific connotation of TCM is always a public hot topic. Based on persistent practical exploration and scientific consideration in TCM,our group firstly promoted the concept of traditional Chinese medicine chemical biology(TCM chemical biology,TCMCB). The major idea of TCMCB is to clarify the nature of TCM regulating life progress to link TCM to modern medicine by using TCM components as chemical tools. Notably,TCMCB mainly focuses on TCM target identification and TCM-guided disease molecular mechanism exploration,further to clarify the basic law of TCM mediating disease process. Finally,TCMCB-guided scientific studies can help explain TCM theory and promote the developmentof modern innovative drugs based on identified targets using TCM active components. Moreover,TCMCB is of vital importance for investigating the scientific nature of biological progress and the pattern of disease occurrence and development,indicating a key significance for modern life science and medicine. This review introduces the definition of TCMCB as well as its academic thought,research method,technology system and scientific significance,for providing new research ideas and scientific thoughts for TCM development.
引文
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[8] Song Y L,Song Q Q,Li J,et al. Chromatographic analysis of Polygalae Radix by online hyphenating pressurized liquid extraction[J]. Sci Rep,2016,6:27303.
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[14] Wang S,Wang Q,Qiao X,et al. Separation and characterization of triterpenoid saponins in Gleditsia sinensis by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry[J]. Planta Med,2016,82(18):1558.
[15] Qiao X,Wang Q,Song W,et al. A chemical profiling solution for Chinese medicine formulas using comprehensive and loopbased multiple heart-cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry[J]. J Chromatogr A,2016,1438:198.
[16] Qiao X,Song W,Ji S,et al. Separation and detection of minor constituents in herbal medicines using a combination of heartcutting and comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography[J]. J Chromatogr A,2014,1362:157.
[17] Liu Y,Song Q,Liu W,et al. Authentic compound-free strategy for simultaneous determination of primary coumarins in Peucedani Radix using offline high performance liquid chromatographynuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Acta Pharm Sin B,2018,8(4):645.
[18] Huo H,Liu Y,Liu W,et al. A full solution for multicomponent quantification-oriented quality assessment of herbal medicines,Chinese agarwood as a case[J]. J Chromatogr A,2018,1558:37.
[19] Song Q,Liu W,Chen X,et al. Serially coupled reversed phasehydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tailored multiple reaction monitoring,a fit-for-purpose tool for large-scale targeted metabolomics of medicinal bile[J]. Anal Chim Acta,2018,1037:119.
[20]张加余,屠鹏飞.天然产物液相色谱-质谱-数据库(LC-MSDS)的建立与应用[J].药学学报,2012,47(9):1187.
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[22] Michel T,Destandau E,Elfakir C. New advances in countercurrent chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography:focus on coupling strategy[J]. Anal Bioanal Chem,2014,406(4):957.
[23] He Y J,Zhu S H,Wu C Q,et al. Bioactivity-guided separation of potential D2dopamine receptor antagonists from Aurantii Fructus based on molecular docking combined with high-speed counter-current chromatography[J]. Molecules, 2018, 23(12):3135.
[24] Fang L, Zhang H, Zhou J, et al. Rapid screening and preparative isolation of antioxidants from Alpinia officinarum Hance using HSCCC coupled with DPPH-HPLC assay and evaluation of their antioxidant activities[J]. J Anal Methods Chem,2018,2018:3158293.
[25] KalíkováK,SlechtováT,Vozka J,et al. Supercritical fluid chromatography as a tool for enantioselective separation:a review[J]. Anal Chim Acta,2014,821:1.
[26] Speybrouck D,Lipka E. Preparative supercritical fluid chromatography:a powerful tool for chiral separations[J]. J Chromatogr A,2016,1467:33.
[27] LV H N,Wang S,Zeng K W,et al. Anti-inflammatory coumarin and benzocoumarin derivatives from Murraya alata[J].J Nat Prod,2015,78(2):279.
[28] Ma X L,Li J,Zheng J,et al. LC-MS-guided isolation of insulinsecretion-promoting monoterpenoid carbazole alkaloids from Murraya microphylla[J]. J Nat Prod,2018,81(11):2371.
[29] Huo H X,Gu Y F,Zhu Z X,et al. LC-MS-guided isolation of anti-inflammatory 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone dimers from Chinese agarwood(Aquilaria sinensis)[J]. Phytochemistry,2019,158:46.
[30] Msullo M,Cerulli A,Montoro P,et al. In depth LC-ESIMSnguided phytochemical analysis of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. leaves[J].Phytochemistry,2019,159:148.
[31] Chen C K,Lin F H,Tseng L H,et al. Comprehensive study of alkaloids from Crinum asiaticum var. sinicum assisted by HPLCDAD-SPE-NMR[J]. J Nat Prod,2011,74(3):411.
[32] Seger C,Sturm S,Stuppner H. Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy:modern high-end detectors for high resolution separation techniques-state of the art in natural product HPLC-MS,HPLC-NMR,and CE-MS hyphenations[J]. Nat Prod Rep,2013,30(7):970.
[33] Liu F,Wang Y N,Li Y,et al. Minor nortriterpenoids from the twigs and leaves of Rhododendron latoucheae[J]. J Nat Prod,2018,81(8):172.
[34] Zhang C,Wang S,Zeng K W,et al. Nitric oxide inhibitory dimeric sesquiterpenoids from Artemisia rupestris[J]. J Nat Prod,2016,79(1):213.
[35] Zhang C,Wen R,Ma X L,et al. Nitric oxide inhibitory sesquiterpenoids and its dimers from Artemisia freyniana[J]. J Nat Prod,2018,81(4):866.
[36] Lv H N,Wen R,Zhou Y,et al. Nitrogen oxide inhibitory trimeric and dimeric carbazole alkaloids from Murraya tetramera[J]. J Nat Prod,2018,81(11):2371.
[37] Huo H X,Zhu Z X,Song Y L,et al. Anti-inflammatory dimeric2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones from the resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis[J]. J Nat Prod,2018,81(3):543.
[38] Pang D R,Su X Q,Zhu Z X,et al. Flavonoid dimers from the total phenolic extract of Chinese dragon's blood,the red resin of Dracaena cochinchinensis[J].Fitoterapia,2016,115:135.
[39] Zhang J,Zhang Q Y,Tu P F,et al. Mucroniferanines A-G,isoquinolinealkaloids from Corydalis mucronifera[J]. J Nat Prod,2018,81(2):364.
[40] Zhang J,Zhang C,Xu F C,et al. Cholinesterase inhibitory isoquinoline alkaloids from Corydalis mucronifera[J].Phytochemistry,2019,159:199.
[41] Reardon S.'Organs-on-chips'go mainstream[J]. Nature,2015,523(7560):266.
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