稻茬烤烟根区施用生物有机肥的效应
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摘要
为探索稻茬烤烟根区施用生物有机肥的效应,在湖南省桂阳县采用大田试验研究了生物有机肥根区施用对烤烟营养生长、光合特性、烟叶质量及经济效果的影响。结果表明:①稻茬烤烟根区施用生物有机肥较条施处理,团棵期最大叶面积可提高24.58%,打顶期茎围、最大叶面积、SPAD值、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度、蒸腾速率可分别提高4.72%、19.29%、14.78%、7.30%、22.64%、5.63%、32.14%,第1次采烤期SPAD值、净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度、蒸腾速率可分别提高15.64%、23.82%、30.00%、8.31%、15.26%,有利烤烟营养生长,提高烤烟叶绿素含量和光合能力。②稻茬烤烟根区施用生物有机肥较条施处理的上等烟比例、产量、产值、物理特性指数、化学成分指数、感官评吸总分、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥偏生产效益可分别提高5.96%、12.39%、17.51%、5.76%、18.46%、5.43%、12.38%、17.51%,有利于提升烟叶品质,增加产量和产值。③生物有机肥替代部分烟草专用基肥,可提高烟叶评吸质量、上等烟比例和氮肥偏生产效率。④三饼合一生物有机肥代替部分烟草专用基肥根区施用是可行的。
In order to explore the function of applied bioorganic fertilizer to root-zone soil under tobacco-rice rotation, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of applied bioorganic fertilizer to root-zone soil on agronomic characters,photosynthetic characteristic, tobacco quality and economic characters in Guiyang County of Hunan Province. The results showed that compared with control(row fertilization), applied bioorganic fertilizer to root-zone soil could accelerate tobacco plant growth,improve chlorophyll content and tobacco leaf photosynthetic capacity, it increased the area of the largest leaf by 24.58% at rosette stage; increased the stem girth, the area of the largest leaf, SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate by 4.72%, 19.29%, 14.78%, 7.30%, 22.64%, 5.63% and 32.14%,respectively, at topping stage; increased the SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate by 15.64%, 23.82%, 30.00%, 8.31% and 15.26%, respectively, at first picking stage.Compared with control(row fertilization), applied bioorganic fertilizer to root-zone soil could promote tobacco quality and increase tobacco yield and output value, it increased the ratio of top rank, yield, output value, physical character index, chemical component index, smoking quality score, nitrogen partial factor productivity and nitrogen partial production efficiency by 5.96%,12.39%, 17.51%, 5.76%, 18.46%, 5.43%, 12.38% and 17.51%, respectively. Applied bio-organic fertilizer part replacement of special base fertilizer for tobacco is feasible because it could improve tobacco smoking quality, ratio of top rank and nitrogen partial production efficiency.
In order to explore the function of applied bioorganic fertilizer to root-zone soil under tobacco-rice rotation, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of applied bioorganic fertilizer to root-zone soil on agronomic characters,photosynthetic characteristic, tobacco quality and economic characters in Guiyang County of Hunan Province. The results showed that compared with control(row fertilization), applied bioorganic fertilizer to root-zone soil could accelerate tobacco plant growth,improve chlorophyll content and tobacco leaf photosynthetic capacity, it increased the area of the largest leaf by 24.58% at rosette stage; increased the stem girth, the area of the largest leaf, SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate by 4.72%, 19.29%, 14.78%, 7.30%, 22.64%, 5.63% and 32.14%,respectively, at topping stage; increased the SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate by 15.64%, 23.82%, 30.00%, 8.31% and 15.26%, respectively, at first picking stage.Compared with control(row fertilization), applied bioorganic fertilizer to root-zone soil could promote tobacco quality and increase tobacco yield and output value, it increased the ratio of top rank, yield, output value, physical character index, chemical component index, smoking quality score, nitrogen partial factor productivity and nitrogen partial production efficiency by 5.96%,12.39%, 17.51%, 5.76%, 18.46%, 5.43%, 12.38% and 17.51%, respectively. Applied bio-organic fertilizer part replacement of special base fertilizer for tobacco is feasible because it could improve tobacco smoking quality, ratio of top rank and nitrogen partial production efficiency.
引文
[1]王火焰,周健民.根区施肥--提高肥料养分利用率和减少面源污染的关键和必需措施[J].土壤,2013,45(5):785-790
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[9]胡娟,邱慧珍,张文明,等.微生物有机肥配施氮肥对烤烟SPAD值、烟叶酶活性及根系活力的影响[J].土壤学报,2012,49(3):620-623
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[13]化党领,杨秋云,王镇,等.施用生物有机肥对烤烟生长及香气物质含量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(1):62-66
[14]刘月华,孙玉晓,刘焰,等.不同种类生物有机肥对烤烟青枯病及烟叶生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(16):42-46
[15]邓小华,蔡兴,于庆涛,等.增密和减氮对稻茬烤烟物理性状的效应分析[J].烟草科技,2016,49(10):23-30
[16]雷丽萍,郭荣君,缪作清,等.微生物在烟草生产中应用研究进展[J].中国烟草学报,2006,12(4):47-51
[17]董世峰,刘卫华,刘洪杰,等.不同商品有机肥对烤烟产质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(4):225-229
[18]高家合,杨祥,李梅云,等.有机肥对烤烟根系发育及品质的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(6):38-41,45
[19]田茂成,邓小华,陆中山,等.基于灰色效果测度和主成分分析的湘西州烟叶物理特性综合评价[J].核农学报,2017,31(1):187-193
[20]齐永杰,邓小华,徐文兵,等.密度和施氮量对稻茬烤烟上部烟叶物理性状的效应[J].中国农业科技导报,2016,18(6):129-137
[21]邓小华,杨丽丽,邹凯,等.烟稻轮作模式下烤烟增密减氮的主要化学成分效应分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(4):991-997
[22]邓小华,肖志君,齐永杰,等.种植密度和施氮量及其互作对湘南稻茬烤烟经济性状的效应[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,42(3):274-279
[23]张翔,毛家伟,李彰,等.氮用量及基追比例对烟叶产量、品质及氮肥利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(6):1518-1523
[24]罗莉,何倩,李俊华,等.集中施入有机肥后土壤微生物数量的空间动态变化[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2015,33(4):421-427
[25]谭军利,田军仓,李应海,等.不同生物有机肥施肥方法对压砂西瓜生长及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(6):135-138
[2]乔焕英,丁传雨,沈其荣,等.拮抗菌发酵的生物有机肥对茄子生长和青枯病的防治效果[J].土壤,2012,44(3):461-466
[3]Wang S X,Liang X Q,Chen Y X,et al.Phosphorus loss potential and phosphatase activity under phosphorus fertilization in long term paddy wetland agroecosystems[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2012,76(1):161-167
[4]陈利军,孙波,金辰,等.碳投入的有机肥和生物炭对红壤微生物多样性和土壤呼吸的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(2):340-348
[5]田小明,李俊华,王成,等.连续3年施用生物有机肥对土壤养分、微生物生物量及酶活性的影响[J].土壤,2014,46(3):481-488
[6]张鹏,王小慧,李蕊,等.生物有机肥对田间蔬菜根际土壤中病原菌和功能菌组成的影响[J].土壤学报,2013,50(1):381-387
[7]彭华伟,刘国顺,吴学巧,等.生物有机肥对烤烟氮磷钾积累、吸收和含量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2008,29(1):25-29
[8]滕桂香,邱慧珍,张文明,等.生物有机肥对陇东烤烟生长的根际营养调控[J].土壤通报,2012,43(2):424-428
[9]胡娟,邱慧珍,张文明,等.微生物有机肥配施氮肥对烤烟SPAD值、烟叶酶活性及根系活力的影响[J].土壤学报,2012,49(3):620-623
[10]Luo J,Ran W,Hu J.Application of bio-organic fertilizer significantly affected fungal diversity of soils[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,74(6):2039-2048
[11]巩子毓,高旭,黄炎,等.连续施用生物有机肥提高设施黄瓜产量和品质的研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2016,39(5):777-783
[12]梁伟,韦建玉,田兆福,等.不同有机肥及施肥量对初烤烟产质量的影响[J].广东农业科学,2013(15):79-81
[13]化党领,杨秋云,王镇,等.施用生物有机肥对烤烟生长及香气物质含量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(1):62-66
[14]刘月华,孙玉晓,刘焰,等.不同种类生物有机肥对烤烟青枯病及烟叶生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(16):42-46
[15]邓小华,蔡兴,于庆涛,等.增密和减氮对稻茬烤烟物理性状的效应分析[J].烟草科技,2016,49(10):23-30
[16]雷丽萍,郭荣君,缪作清,等.微生物在烟草生产中应用研究进展[J].中国烟草学报,2006,12(4):47-51
[17]董世峰,刘卫华,刘洪杰,等.不同商品有机肥对烤烟产质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(4):225-229
[18]高家合,杨祥,李梅云,等.有机肥对烤烟根系发育及品质的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2009,30(6):38-41,45
[19]田茂成,邓小华,陆中山,等.基于灰色效果测度和主成分分析的湘西州烟叶物理特性综合评价[J].核农学报,2017,31(1):187-193
[20]齐永杰,邓小华,徐文兵,等.密度和施氮量对稻茬烤烟上部烟叶物理性状的效应[J].中国农业科技导报,2016,18(6):129-137
[21]邓小华,杨丽丽,邹凯,等.烟稻轮作模式下烤烟增密减氮的主要化学成分效应分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(4):991-997
[22]邓小华,肖志君,齐永杰,等.种植密度和施氮量及其互作对湘南稻茬烤烟经济性状的效应[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,42(3):274-279
[23]张翔,毛家伟,李彰,等.氮用量及基追比例对烟叶产量、品质及氮肥利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(6):1518-1523
[24]罗莉,何倩,李俊华,等.集中施入有机肥后土壤微生物数量的空间动态变化[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2015,33(4):421-427
[25]谭军利,田军仓,李应海,等.不同生物有机肥施肥方法对压砂西瓜生长及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(6):135-138
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