有机肥对混合盐碱胁迫甜菜光合特性及产量的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究有机肥施用水平对混合盐碱胁迫甜菜生长、光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响,为应用有机肥改良盐碱土壤及提高作物产量提供参考。【方法】以甜菜品种KWS0143为材料,采用盆栽模拟盐碱土胁迫,将NaCl、Na2SO4、NaHCO3、Na2CO3以物质的量比2∶1∶4∶2混合后拌入盆栽桶中的12kg风干土壤中,使混合物中Na占土壤质量的0.88%。试验共设6个处理,分别为CK(不施肥对照)、S(加盐碱)、SF1(盐碱+1 500kg/hm~2有机肥)、SF2(盐碱+2 250kg/hm~2有机肥)、SF3(盐碱+3 000kg/hm~2有机肥)和SF4 (盐碱+3 750kg/hm~2有机肥),待第3对真叶完全展开后采样测定各处理甜菜叶片光合色素含量、光合特性指标、叶绿素荧光参数及植株干质量、根冠比和产量等指标。【结果】盐碱胁迫下施有机肥能有效改善甜菜叶片的气体交换参数(Pn、Gs、E和Ci),提高叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素及Fv/Fm、Yield(Ⅱ)、qP和表现电子传递速率(ETR),降低非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)。随有机肥施肥量的增加,甜菜叶片除NPQ呈先降后升趋势外,上述其余指标及干物质量、根冠比、块根产量和产糖量均呈先增后降趋势,其中以施用3 000kg/hm2有机肥处理的表现最佳。【结论】施加有机肥可明显提高甜菜叶片叶绿素含量,改善甜菜的光合特性和叶绿素荧光特性,缓解盐碱胁迫的伤害,增加干物质积累量,提高产量与产糖量,且以3 000kg/hm~2有机肥处理效果最佳。
【Objective】The effects of different levels of organic fertilizer on growth,photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of sugar beet under mixed salt and alkali stress were studied to provide references for improving saline alkali soil.【Method】The sugar beet cultivar KWS0143 was selected and saline alkali soil environment was simulated by apot experiment.NaCl,Na2 SO4,NaHCO3 and Na2 CO3 were mixed with the proportion of 2∶1∶4∶2 and Na percentage in soil mass was 0.88%.There were 6 treatments including CK(no fertilizer),S(saline alkali),SF1(saline alkali+1 500 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer),SF2(saline alkali+2 250 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer,SF3(saline alkali+3 000 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer),and SF4(saline alkali+3 750 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer).The photosynthetic pigment content,photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,dry weight,root/shoot ratio and yield of sugar beet were measured and analyzed.【Result】Under saline alkali stress,the application of organic fertilizer could significantly(P<0.05)improve gas exchange parameters of blade(Pn,Gs,Eand Ci),chlorophyll content,Fv/Fm,Yield(Ⅱ),qP,ETR,dry biomass,root shoot ratio,root yield and sugar content,while decrease NPQof sugar beet.With the increase of organic fertilizer concentration,above indexes of leaves firstly increased and then decreased,except for NPQ.Dry biomass,root shoot ratio and yield also increased followed by decrease.All indicators performed the best with the 3 000 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer treatment.【Conclusion】Applying organic fertilizer could significantly increase chlorophyll content,improve photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,ease stress injury,and increase dry matter accumulation,yield and sugar content of suger beet.The treatment of 3 000 kg/hm2 was the best.
【Objective】The effects of different levels of organic fertilizer on growth,photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of sugar beet under mixed salt and alkali stress were studied to provide references for improving saline alkali soil.【Method】The sugar beet cultivar KWS0143 was selected and saline alkali soil environment was simulated by apot experiment.NaCl,Na2 SO4,NaHCO3 and Na2 CO3 were mixed with the proportion of 2∶1∶4∶2 and Na percentage in soil mass was 0.88%.There were 6 treatments including CK(no fertilizer),S(saline alkali),SF1(saline alkali+1 500 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer),SF2(saline alkali+2 250 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer,SF3(saline alkali+3 000 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer),and SF4(saline alkali+3 750 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer).The photosynthetic pigment content,photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,dry weight,root/shoot ratio and yield of sugar beet were measured and analyzed.【Result】Under saline alkali stress,the application of organic fertilizer could significantly(P<0.05)improve gas exchange parameters of blade(Pn,Gs,Eand Ci),chlorophyll content,Fv/Fm,Yield(Ⅱ),qP,ETR,dry biomass,root shoot ratio,root yield and sugar content,while decrease NPQof sugar beet.With the increase of organic fertilizer concentration,above indexes of leaves firstly increased and then decreased,except for NPQ.Dry biomass,root shoot ratio and yield also increased followed by decrease.All indicators performed the best with the 3 000 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer treatment.【Conclusion】Applying organic fertilizer could significantly increase chlorophyll content,improve photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,ease stress injury,and increase dry matter accumulation,yield and sugar content of suger beet.The treatment of 3 000 kg/hm2 was the best.
引文
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[2]魏显珍,赵斌,武晓燕,等.不同盐度下施氮量对甜菜生长发育及氮素吸收利用特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(3):205-211.Wei X Z,Zhao B,Wu X Y,et al.Growth of sugar beet and its nitrogen uptake and utilization influenced by nitrogen level under different salinity[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2017,35(3):205-211.
[3]Ren J H,Li X J,Zhao K.Quantitative analysis of relationships between crack characteristicsand properties of soda-saline soils in Songnen plain,China[J].Chin Geogra Sci,2015,25(5):591-601.
[4]Qian X,Patriek B,Xu J C,et al.Osmotic stress-and salt stressinhibition and gibberellin-mitigation of leaf elongation associated with up-regulation of genes controlling cell expansion[J].Environ Exp Bot,2016,131:101-109.
[5]Wang X S,Ren H L,Wei Z W,et al.Effects of neutral salt and alkali on ion distributions in the roots,shoots,and leaves of two alfalfa cultivars with differing degrees ofsalt tolerance[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2017,16(8):1800-1807.
[6]Wang X P,Geng S J,Ri Y J,et al.Physiological responses and adaptive strategies of tomato plantsto salt and alkali stresses[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2011,130:248-255.
[7]Huang C J,Wei G,Jie Y C,et al.Effects of concentrations of sodium chloride on photosynthesis,antioxidative enzymes,growth and fiber yield of hybrid ramie[J].Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,2014,76:86-93.
[8]孙璐,周宇飞,李丰先,等.盐胁迫对高粱幼苗光合作用和荧光特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(16):3265-3272.Sun L,Zhou Y F,Li F X,et al.Effects of salt stress on photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics of sorghum seedlings[J].Sci Agric Sin,2012,45(16):3265-3272.
[9]Gui G,Ji Y.Sugar beet production and industry in China[J].Sugar Tech,2015,17(1):13-21.
[10]Zou C L,Sang L M,Gai Z J,et al.Morphological and physiological responses of sugar beetto alkaline stress[J].Sugar Tech,2018,20(2):202-211.
[11]刘洋,李彩凤,洪鑫,等.盐碱胁迫对甜菜氮代谢相关酶活性及产量和含糖率的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(2):397-404.Liu Y,Li C F,Hong X,et al.Effects of saline alkali stress on activities of enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism,yield and sugar content in sugar beet[J].Acta AgricNuclSin,2015,29(2):397-404.
[12]Sun R,Guo X,Wang D,et al.Effects of long-term application of chemical andorganic fertilizers on the abundance of microbial communities involved in the nitrogencycle[J].Appl Soil Ecol,2015,95:171-178.
[13]罗佳,盛建东,王永旭,等.不同有机肥对盐渍化耕地土壤盐分、养分及棉花产量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):49-53.Lou J,Sheng J D,Wang Y X,et al.Effects of different organic fertilizers on soil salinity,nutrients and cotton yield in saline soil[J].Res Soil Water Conserv,2016,23(3):49-53.
[14]杨明,孙毅,高玉山,等.有机肥对苏打盐碱土的改良效果研究[J].吉林农业科学,2013,38(3):43-46.Yang M,Sun Y,Gao Y S,et al.Study on improvement effect of organic fertilizer on soda saline alkali soil[J].J Jilin Agric Sci,2013,38(3):43-46.
[15]高亮,丁春明,王炳华,等.生物有机肥在盐碱地上的应用效果及其对玉米的影响[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(1):47-50.Gao L,Ding C M,Wang B H,et al.Application effects of biological organic fertilizerin saline-alkali soil and its impacts on maize[J].J Shanxi Agric Sci,2011,39(1):47-50.
[16]吕丽媛,伍玉鹏,孙振钧,等.有机肥对盐碱土蓖麻苗生长的调控作用[J].中国农业大学学报,2013,18(3):73-80.LüL Y,Wu Y P,Sun Z J,et al.Effect of organic fertilization on growth of castor bean seedling under saline sodic soil[J].J China Agric Univ,2013,18(3):73-80.
[17]王善仙,刘宛,李培军,等.生物有机肥调控对盐碱胁迫下向日葵幼苗生长及生理指标的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(4):682-688.Wang S X,Liu W,Li P J,et al.Effects of eio-organic fertilizer on growth and physiological indexes of sunflower seedlings under salt and alkali stress[J].J Eco,2011,30(4):682-688.
[18]刘艳,李波,孙文涛,等.生物有机肥对盐碱地春玉米生理特性及产量的影响[J].作物杂志,2017(2):98-103.Liu Y,Li B,Sun W T,et al.Effects of bio organic fertilizer on physiological characteristics and yield of spring maize in saline alkali soil[J].Crops,2017(2):98-103.
[19]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:184-261.Li H S.Principles and techniques of plant physiology and biochemistry experiment[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000:184-261.
[20]Mehta P,Jajoo A,Mathur S,et al.Chlorophyll a fluorescence studyrevealingeffects of high salt stress on photosystemⅡin wheat leaves[J].Plant Physiol Biochem,2010,48:6-20.
[21]Kazufumi Z,Naotaka M.Using of chlorophyll a fluorescence OJIP transients for sensing saltstress in the leaves and fruits of tomato[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2017,219:216-221.
[22]Yang J Y,Zheng W,Tian Y,et al.Effects of various mixed salt-alkaline stresses on growth,photosynthesis,and photosynthetic pigment concentrations of Medicago ruthenicaseedlings[J].Photosynthetica,2011,49(2):275-284.
[23]金微微,张会慧,滕志远,等.盐碱互作胁迫对高丹草叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].草业科学,2017,34(10):2090-2098.Jin W W,Zhang H H,Teng Z Y,et al.Effects of salt and alkali interaction stress on chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves of Sorghum bicolor×S.sudanence[J].Pratacultural Science,2017,34(10):2090-2098.
[24]马超男,蔡传涛,刘贵周,等.有机肥对半夏生长及产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(9):1399-1405.Ma C N,Cai C T,Liu G Z,et al.Effects of organic fertilizer application on growthand yield of pinellaternate[J].Acta Agric Boreal-Occideet Sin,2016,25(9):1399-1405.
[25]贺维,胡庭兴,王锐,等.施肥对桢楠幼苗光合生理及生长特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(6):1187-1197.He W,Hu T X,Wang R,et al.Effect of fertilization on photosynthetic physiology and growth characteristics of Phoebe zhennan seedlings[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occideet Sin,2014,34(6):1187-1197.
[26]王通明,陈伟,潘文杰,等.有机肥和化肥对烟叶气体交换、叶绿素荧光特性及叶绿体超微结构的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):517-526.Wang T M,Chen W,Pan W J,et al.Effects of organic and chemical fertilizer on gas exchange,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and chloroplast ultra structure of tobacco leaves[J].Plant Nutr Fert Sci,2015,21(2):517-526.
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