绿盲蝽与其天敌空间关系的聚块样方方差分析
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摘要
【目的】分析在不同聚块大小条件下,蜘蛛类天敌对绿盲蝽Lygus lucorum空间上跟随关系的密切程度、聚集原因和聚集范围,为评价绿盲蝽的天敌优势种提供科学依据。【方法】用聚块样方方差分析法、灰色关联度法、空间聚集强度指数、种群聚集均数法和ρ指数法对不同大小聚块条件下的绿盲蝽及其7种蜘蛛空间格局进行分析。【结果】绿盲蝽与其7种蜘蛛类天敌均方差峰值时的聚块样方数的关联度分析结果表明:与绿盲蝽空间上跟随关系密切的前三位天敌依次是茶色新圆蛛Neoscona theisi、粽管巢蛛Clubiona japonicola和草间小黑蛛Erigonidium graminicolum。在聚块内基本样方数K为1、2、4、8时,随着聚块内基本样方数的增多,聚集分布格局时的扩散系数C不断增大,均匀和随机格局时扩散系数不断减小。聚块内基本样方数K为2、4、8时与K为1时之间的绿盲蝽及其天敌的空间分布聚集程度差异均不显著。绿盲蝽的种群聚集均数λ多数情况均大于2,其聚集是该虫本身原因引起的,天敌和绿盲蝽在种群聚集均数λ为正值时,随着聚块内基本样方数的增加,则种群聚集均数λ不断增大。用聚块ρ指数判断绿盲蝽个体群聚集时的最小范围是聚块中有2个基本样方。【结论】样方大小不改变绿盲蝽及其天敌的空间聚集程度。2个基本样方为绿盲蝽抽样调查的最佳样方大小。本研究结果为绿盲蝽及天敌抽样时确定样方大小提供了科学依据。
【Objective】The closeness of spatial following relationship between Lygus lucorum and seven natural spiders was analyzed systematically to provide scientific basis for evaluating dominant natural enemies of Lygus lucorum and determining the optimum quadrat size.【Method】The sampling size of quadrat of Lygus lucorum in tea garden in Hefei area,Anhui province was estimated by blocked quadrat variance analysis, grey relation analysis,aggregated-intensity index method of spatial patterns and ρ index method.【Result】The most closely followed natural enemies of Lygus lucorum were Neoscona theisi,Clubiona japonicola and Erigonidium graminicolum,with correlation degree values of 0.762 7、0.757 1 and 0.691 1,respectively. Combining the blocked quadrat variance analysis with aggregated-intensity analysis,the results showed the diffusion coefficient C-value of aggregation pattern increased with the increase of basic quadrats when there were 1、2、4 or 8 basic quadrats in the ploy-block. But as for uniform and random pattern,it was continuous decreasing. When the numbers of basic quadrat within the ploy-block were 2,4 and 8 as compared with 1,the gathering degree of spatial distribution of Lygus lucorum and its spider predators was not significant difference. In the most cases,the average λ values of Lygus lucorum were more than 2,indicating that the gathering was caused by the pest itself. When the λ values were positive,along with the increase of quadrat in the ploy-block,the gathering averages were continuously increasing. The smallest scope of individual population aggregation was evaluated by using ρ index of Lygus lucorum under different sizes of poly-blocks.As a result,the minimum area of individual population aggregation pattern of Lygus lucorum had two basic quadrats with 8 m2 in this study.【Conclusion】The size of quadrats did not change the spatial aggregation of Lygus lucorum and its natural enemies. The result indicated that the best area of the samples was 8 m2 for Lygus lucorum. This study provided a scientific basis for determining the size of quadrat on the pests sampling.
【Objective】The closeness of spatial following relationship between Lygus lucorum and seven natural spiders was analyzed systematically to provide scientific basis for evaluating dominant natural enemies of Lygus lucorum and determining the optimum quadrat size.【Method】The sampling size of quadrat of Lygus lucorum in tea garden in Hefei area,Anhui province was estimated by blocked quadrat variance analysis, grey relation analysis,aggregated-intensity index method of spatial patterns and ρ index method.【Result】The most closely followed natural enemies of Lygus lucorum were Neoscona theisi,Clubiona japonicola and Erigonidium graminicolum,with correlation degree values of 0.762 7、0.757 1 and 0.691 1,respectively. Combining the blocked quadrat variance analysis with aggregated-intensity analysis,the results showed the diffusion coefficient C-value of aggregation pattern increased with the increase of basic quadrats when there were 1、2、4 or 8 basic quadrats in the ploy-block. But as for uniform and random pattern,it was continuous decreasing. When the numbers of basic quadrat within the ploy-block were 2,4 and 8 as compared with 1,the gathering degree of spatial distribution of Lygus lucorum and its spider predators was not significant difference. In the most cases,the average λ values of Lygus lucorum were more than 2,indicating that the gathering was caused by the pest itself. When the λ values were positive,along with the increase of quadrat in the ploy-block,the gathering averages were continuously increasing. The smallest scope of individual population aggregation was evaluated by using ρ index of Lygus lucorum under different sizes of poly-blocks.As a result,the minimum area of individual population aggregation pattern of Lygus lucorum had two basic quadrats with 8 m2 in this study.【Conclusion】The size of quadrats did not change the spatial aggregation of Lygus lucorum and its natural enemies. The result indicated that the best area of the samples was 8 m2 for Lygus lucorum. This study provided a scientific basis for determining the size of quadrat on the pests sampling.
引文
[1]张汉鹄,谭济才.中国茶树害虫及其无公害治理[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,2004:244-250.
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[3]徐德良.绿盲蝽发生规律及防治[J].昆虫知识,1993, 30(2):82-84.
[4]陆宴辉,曾娟,姜玉英,等.盲蝽类害虫种群密度与危害的调查方法[J].应用昆虫学报,2014, 51(3):848-852.
[5]陆宴辉,吴孔明.我国棉花盲蝽生物学特性的研究进展[J].应用昆虫学报,2012, 49(3):578-584.
[6] LU Y, WU K, JIANG Y, et al. Mirid bug outbreaks in multiple crops correlated with wide-scale adopting of Btcotton in China[J]. Science, 2010, 328(5982):1151-1154.
[7]吴国强,肖留斌,谭永安,等.绿盲蝽成虫对六种寄主及其挥发物的选择趋势[J].应用昆虫学报,2012, 49(3):641-647.
[8]李国平,封洪强,黄博,等.短时高温暴露对绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽存活及生殖的影响[J].生态学报,2017, 37(11):3939-3945.
[9]仝亚娟,吴孔明,高希武.三突花蟹蛛对绿盲蝽和苜蓿盲蝽的捕食作用[J].中国生物防治,2009, 25(2):97-101.
[10]郭晨茜,王璇,杨宇辉,等.北京梨园绿盲蝽及其天敌的种群动态[J].昆虫学报,2013, 56(12):1516-1522.
[11]傅伯杰,陈利顶,马克明,等.景观生态原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:216-217.
[12]刘飞飞,柯胜兵,王建盼,等.蜘蛛类天敌与茶尺蠖幼虫空间关系的聚块样方方差分析[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2015, 41(2):133-146.
[13]王建盼,覃盛,刘飞飞,等.柑橘粉虱与主要捕食性天敌之间的空间关系研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2015, 23(4):454-464.
[14]邓聚龙.灰色系统理论教程[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,1990:33-84.
[15]邹运鼎,王弘法.农林昆虫生态学[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1989:152-157.
[16] DAVID F N, MOORE P G. Notes on contagious distribution in plant population[J]. Annals of Botany, 1954(18):47-53.
[17] ARBOUS A,KERRICH J E. Accident statistics and the concept of accident-proneness[J]. Biometrics, 1951,7(4):340-432.
[18] BLAC KITH R E. Nearest-neighbour distance measurements for the estimation of animal populations[J]. Ecology, 1958(39):147-150.
[19] IWAO S. Application of the m*-m method to the analysis of spatial patterns by changing the quadrat size[J]. Res Popul Ecol.1972(14):97-128.
[20]徐汝梅.昆虫种群生态学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1987:58-61.
[21]杨林,郭骅,毕守东,等.合肥秋冬季茶园天敌对假眼小绿叶蝉和茶蚜的空间跟随关系[J].生态学报,2012, 32(13):4215-4227.
[22]周夏芝,毕守东,黄勃,等.茶园主要天敌对4种害虫的空间跟随关系[J].华南农业大学学报,2013, 34(4):489-498.
[23]刘飞飞,柯胜兵,王建盼,等.假眼小绿叶蝉与捕食性天敌蜘蛛的空间关系研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016, 44(6):99-109.
[24]程鸣珂,周坚.茶小绿叶蝉在茶园中空间分布型和抽样方法的研究[J].中国茶叶,1981(6):34-35.
[25]刘树生,汪信庚,吴晓晶,等.甘蓝和白菜上桃蚜种群的空间格局及其时序动态[J].昆虫学报,1996, 39(2):158-165.
[261]石根生,李典谟.不同松林马尾松毛虫蛹及其寄生天敌群子的空间格局分析[J].生态学报,1997, 17(4):386-392.
[27]邹运鼎,毕守东,周夏芝,等.桃一点叶蝉及草间小黑蛛空间格局的地学统计学研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(12):1645-1648.
[28]邹运鼎,毕守东,王祥胜,等.麦长管蚜及蚜茧蜂空间格局的地学统计学研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(6):887-891.
[29]耿继光,邹运鼎,毕守东,等.地理统计学表达的麦二叉蚜及蚜茧蜂空间格局特征[J].应用生态学报,2002, 13(10):1307-1310.
[30]李磊,邹运鼎,毕守东,等.棉蚜和草间小黑蛛种群空间格局的地统计学研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(6):1043-1046.
[31]丁程成,邹运鼎,毕守东,等.李园桃蚜和草间小黑蛛种群空间格局的地学统计学研究[J].应用生态学报,2005, 16(7):1308-1312.
[32]邹运鼎,李昌根,周夏芝,等.葡萄跳叶甲和捕食性天敌草间小黑蛛的空间格局及其联系[J].植物保护学报,2007, 34(3):241-246.
[33]黄保宏,邹运鼎,毕守东,等.朝鲜球坚蚧及黑缘红瓢虫空间格局的地统计学研究[J].应用生态学报,2003, 14(3):413-417.
[34]赵静,赵鑫,王玉军,等.烟盲蝽及其天敌蜘蛛空间格局的地统计学分析[J].生态学报,2010, 30(15):4196-4205.
[35]王瑞,翟保平,胡高,等.基于地统计学方法的稻田灰飞虱与蜘蛛时空动态分析[J].昆虫学报,2009, 52(1):65-73.
[36]邹运鼎,李磊,毕守东,等.石榴园棉蚜及其天敌之间的关系[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(12):2325-2329.
[37]党凤花,公茂莲,毕守东,等.茶园3种主要害虫与其多种天敌之间密切程度的比较[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2010, 36(5):513-520.
[38]周夏芝,毕守东,柯胜兵,等.茶园4种半翅目主要害虫与其捕食性天敌的关系[J].生态学报,2010, 30(22):6183-6192.
[39]毕守东,柯胜兵,徐劲峰,等.3种海拔高度茶园中2种害虫和天敌间的数量和空间关系[J].生态学报,2011, 31(2):455-464.
[2]胡新民.溧阳南部主产春季名特茶地区茶树绿盲蝽危害及防治对策[J].现代农业科技,2010(6):165-166.
[3]徐德良.绿盲蝽发生规律及防治[J].昆虫知识,1993, 30(2):82-84.
[4]陆宴辉,曾娟,姜玉英,等.盲蝽类害虫种群密度与危害的调查方法[J].应用昆虫学报,2014, 51(3):848-852.
[5]陆宴辉,吴孔明.我国棉花盲蝽生物学特性的研究进展[J].应用昆虫学报,2012, 49(3):578-584.
[6] LU Y, WU K, JIANG Y, et al. Mirid bug outbreaks in multiple crops correlated with wide-scale adopting of Btcotton in China[J]. Science, 2010, 328(5982):1151-1154.
[7]吴国强,肖留斌,谭永安,等.绿盲蝽成虫对六种寄主及其挥发物的选择趋势[J].应用昆虫学报,2012, 49(3):641-647.
[8]李国平,封洪强,黄博,等.短时高温暴露对绿盲蝽和中黑盲蝽存活及生殖的影响[J].生态学报,2017, 37(11):3939-3945.
[9]仝亚娟,吴孔明,高希武.三突花蟹蛛对绿盲蝽和苜蓿盲蝽的捕食作用[J].中国生物防治,2009, 25(2):97-101.
[10]郭晨茜,王璇,杨宇辉,等.北京梨园绿盲蝽及其天敌的种群动态[J].昆虫学报,2013, 56(12):1516-1522.
[11]傅伯杰,陈利顶,马克明,等.景观生态原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:216-217.
[12]刘飞飞,柯胜兵,王建盼,等.蜘蛛类天敌与茶尺蠖幼虫空间关系的聚块样方方差分析[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2015, 41(2):133-146.
[13]王建盼,覃盛,刘飞飞,等.柑橘粉虱与主要捕食性天敌之间的空间关系研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2015, 23(4):454-464.
[14]邓聚龙.灰色系统理论教程[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,1990:33-84.
[15]邹运鼎,王弘法.农林昆虫生态学[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1989:152-157.
[16] DAVID F N, MOORE P G. Notes on contagious distribution in plant population[J]. Annals of Botany, 1954(18):47-53.
[17] ARBOUS A,KERRICH J E. Accident statistics and the concept of accident-proneness[J]. Biometrics, 1951,7(4):340-432.
[18] BLAC KITH R E. Nearest-neighbour distance measurements for the estimation of animal populations[J]. Ecology, 1958(39):147-150.
[19] IWAO S. Application of the m*-m method to the analysis of spatial patterns by changing the quadrat size[J]. Res Popul Ecol.1972(14):97-128.
[20]徐汝梅.昆虫种群生态学[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1987:58-61.
[21]杨林,郭骅,毕守东,等.合肥秋冬季茶园天敌对假眼小绿叶蝉和茶蚜的空间跟随关系[J].生态学报,2012, 32(13):4215-4227.
[22]周夏芝,毕守东,黄勃,等.茶园主要天敌对4种害虫的空间跟随关系[J].华南农业大学学报,2013, 34(4):489-498.
[23]刘飞飞,柯胜兵,王建盼,等.假眼小绿叶蝉与捕食性天敌蜘蛛的空间关系研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016, 44(6):99-109.
[24]程鸣珂,周坚.茶小绿叶蝉在茶园中空间分布型和抽样方法的研究[J].中国茶叶,1981(6):34-35.
[25]刘树生,汪信庚,吴晓晶,等.甘蓝和白菜上桃蚜种群的空间格局及其时序动态[J].昆虫学报,1996, 39(2):158-165.
[261]石根生,李典谟.不同松林马尾松毛虫蛹及其寄生天敌群子的空间格局分析[J].生态学报,1997, 17(4):386-392.
[27]邹运鼎,毕守东,周夏芝,等.桃一点叶蝉及草间小黑蛛空间格局的地学统计学研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(12):1645-1648.
[28]邹运鼎,毕守东,王祥胜,等.麦长管蚜及蚜茧蜂空间格局的地学统计学研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(6):887-891.
[29]耿继光,邹运鼎,毕守东,等.地理统计学表达的麦二叉蚜及蚜茧蜂空间格局特征[J].应用生态学报,2002, 13(10):1307-1310.
[30]李磊,邹运鼎,毕守东,等.棉蚜和草间小黑蛛种群空间格局的地统计学研究[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(6):1043-1046.
[31]丁程成,邹运鼎,毕守东,等.李园桃蚜和草间小黑蛛种群空间格局的地学统计学研究[J].应用生态学报,2005, 16(7):1308-1312.
[32]邹运鼎,李昌根,周夏芝,等.葡萄跳叶甲和捕食性天敌草间小黑蛛的空间格局及其联系[J].植物保护学报,2007, 34(3):241-246.
[33]黄保宏,邹运鼎,毕守东,等.朝鲜球坚蚧及黑缘红瓢虫空间格局的地统计学研究[J].应用生态学报,2003, 14(3):413-417.
[34]赵静,赵鑫,王玉军,等.烟盲蝽及其天敌蜘蛛空间格局的地统计学分析[J].生态学报,2010, 30(15):4196-4205.
[35]王瑞,翟保平,胡高,等.基于地统计学方法的稻田灰飞虱与蜘蛛时空动态分析[J].昆虫学报,2009, 52(1):65-73.
[36]邹运鼎,李磊,毕守东,等.石榴园棉蚜及其天敌之间的关系[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(12):2325-2329.
[37]党凤花,公茂莲,毕守东,等.茶园3种主要害虫与其多种天敌之间密切程度的比较[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2010, 36(5):513-520.
[38]周夏芝,毕守东,柯胜兵,等.茶园4种半翅目主要害虫与其捕食性天敌的关系[J].生态学报,2010, 30(22):6183-6192.
[39]毕守东,柯胜兵,徐劲峰,等.3种海拔高度茶园中2种害虫和天敌间的数量和空间关系[J].生态学报,2011, 31(2):455-464.
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