不同粉碎程度对绿肥籽粒苋腐解过程中氮、钾释放与转化的影响
|
摘要
采用原位室内培养的方法,研究绿肥籽粒苋腐解过程中氮、钾释放规律,并分析不同粉碎程度对籽粒苋腐解过程中氮、钾释放的影响。结果表明,籽粒苋还田腐解前15 d,是氮、钾的快速释放期;经过34 d腐解,籽粒苋茎秆氮、钾的养分累积释放率分别达到72.8%和94.2%,其中籽粒苋释放的氮素对土壤无机氮的最大表观贡献率为12.0%,钾素对土壤有效钾的最大表观贡献率为69.8%。不同粉碎程度处理的籽粒苋茎秆还田后,土壤中氮、钾含量变化有差异,土壤铵态氮含量和速效钾含量为T3(添加粒径为5 cm±0.5 cm的籽粒苋茎秆)> T2(添加粒径为3 cm±0.5 cm的籽粒苋茎秆)> T1(添加粒径<2 mm的籽粒苋茎秆),土壤无机氮含量为T1> T2> T3,土壤缓效钾含量处理间无显著差异。由此表明,籽粒苋腐解释放的氮素对土壤无机氮的表观贡献率远小于钾素对土壤有效钾的表观贡献率,籽粒苋粉碎程度越细越有利于土壤无机氮含量的提升,而粉碎程度越粗越利于土壤速效钾含量的提升。
In-situ incubation experiment was used to explore the release dynamics of nitrogen(N) and potassium(K)during the decomposition of Amaranthus hypochondriacus stalk with different sizes. The results showed that the N and K of Amaranthus hypochondriacus stalk were rapidly released in the 15 days after its returning to soil. After 34 days,the release rates of N and K from Amaranthus hypochondriacus stalk reached to 72.8% and 94.2%, respectively. The maximum apparent contribution rate of N from Amaranthus hypochondriacus to mineral N(Nmin) in soil was only12%, while that of K to available K was 69.8%. The changes of N and K in soil were different among varied sizes of Amaranthus hypochondriacus stalk. The contents of NH4+-N and rapidly available K in soil were decreased following the order of T3(5 cm ± 0.5 cm of Amaranthus hypochondriacus stalk) > T2(3 cm ± 0.5 cm of Amaranthus hypochondriacus stalk) > T1(< 2 mm of Amaranthus hypochondriacus stalk). The contents of Nmin in soil were T1 >T2 > T3, and the slowly available K in soil had no distinction in the treatments. The apparent contribution rate of N in Amaranthus hypochondriacus to Nmin in soil was far less than that of K to available K. The bigger size of Amaranthus hypochondriacus stalk was better for increasing soil Nmin, while the smaller size of Amaranthus hypochondriacus stalk was better for increasing soil rapidly available K.
In-situ incubation experiment was used to explore the release dynamics of nitrogen(N) and potassium(K)during the decomposition of Amaranthus hypochondriacus stalk with different sizes. The results showed that the N and K of Amaranthus hypochondriacus stalk were rapidly released in the 15 days after its returning to soil. After 34 days,the release rates of N and K from Amaranthus hypochondriacus stalk reached to 72.8% and 94.2%, respectively. The maximum apparent contribution rate of N from Amaranthus hypochondriacus to mineral N(Nmin) in soil was only12%, while that of K to available K was 69.8%. The changes of N and K in soil were different among varied sizes of Amaranthus hypochondriacus stalk. The contents of NH4+-N and rapidly available K in soil were decreased following the order of T3(5 cm ± 0.5 cm of Amaranthus hypochondriacus stalk) > T2(3 cm ± 0.5 cm of Amaranthus hypochondriacus stalk) > T1(< 2 mm of Amaranthus hypochondriacus stalk). The contents of Nmin in soil were T1 >T2 > T3, and the slowly available K in soil had no distinction in the treatments. The apparent contribution rate of N in Amaranthus hypochondriacus to Nmin in soil was far less than that of K to available K. The bigger size of Amaranthus hypochondriacus stalk was better for increasing soil Nmin, while the smaller size of Amaranthus hypochondriacus stalk was better for increasing soil rapidly available K.
引文
[1]刘苑秋,郭晓敏,杜天真,等.以籽粒苋为纽带的果园复合生态模式研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2002,10(4):122-124.
[2]陈国军,闫慧峰,吴凯,等.不同收获期的籽粒苋绿肥还田对土壤养分的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(3):215-224.
[3]石屹,计玉,姜鹏超,等.富钾绿肥籽粒苋对夏烟烟叶品质的影响研究[J].中国烟草科学,2002,23(3):5-7.
[4]杨红燕.不同品种箭筈豌豆和苕子生长规律及其替代化肥效果研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2012.
[5]雷波,王昌全,伍仁军,等.富钾绿肥籽粒苋对烤烟干物质积累和产量、质量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(5):69-73.
[6]李廷轩,马国瑞,王昌全,等.籽粒苋根际土壤及根系分泌物对矿物态钾的活化作用[J].土壤通报,2003,34(1):48-51.
[7]杜青峰,王党军,于翔宇,等.玉米间作夏季绿肥对当季植物养分吸收和土壤养分有效性的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(3):225-233.
[8]张媛媛.绿肥腐解规律及玉米绿肥间种效益的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2011.
[9]陈国军.籽粒苋还田对烟田土壤养分有效性及烟草养分吸收的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2016.
[10]李廷轩,马国瑞.籽粒苋-烟草间作对烟叶部分矿质元素含量及品质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(1):138-140,143.
[11]曹卫东,黄鸿翔.关于我国恢复和发展绿肥若干问题的思考[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009,(4):1-3.
[12]张电学,韩志卿,李东坡,等.不同促腐条件下秸秆还田对土壤微生物量碳氮磷动态变化的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(10):1903-1908.
[13]郑丹.不同条件下作物秸秆养分释放规律的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2012.
[14]吴玉荣.小麦秸秆翻压深度、粉碎程度试验初报[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(10):59.
[15]纵海英.玉米秸秆翻压深度、粉碎程度的试验研究[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(17):135,196.
[16]KASTEEL R,GARNIER P,VACHIER P,et al.Dye tracer infiltration in the plough layer after straw incorporation[J].Geoderma,2007,137(3/4):360-369.
[17]SONNLEITNER R,LORBEER E,SCHINNE F.Effects of straw,vegetable oil and whey on physical and microbiological properties of a chernozem[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2003,22(3):195-204.
[18]CABILES D M S,ANGELES O R,JOHNSON?BEEBOUT S E,et al.Faster residue decomposition of brittle stem rice mutant due to finer breakage during threshing[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2008,98(2):211-216.
[19]张晋京,窦森,江源,等.玉米秸秆分解期间土壤中有机碳数量的动态变化研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2000,22(3):67-72.
[20]戴志刚,鲁剑巍,李小坤,等.不同作物还田秸秆的养分释放特征试验[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):272-276.
[21]刘佳.二月兰的营养特性及其绿肥效应研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[22]梁斌,董静,隋方功,等.果园土壤中鼠茅草的降解特性及其对氮素供应的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(3):245-250.
[23]李纯.春油菜做绿肥的研究[J].作物研究,1989,3(1):21-22.
[24]李子双,廉晓娟,王薇,等.我国绿肥的研究进展[J].草业科学,2013,30(7):1135-1140.
[25]赵有翼,蔡立群,王静,等.不同保护性耕作措施对三种土壤微生物氮素类群数量及其分布的影响[J].草业学报,2009,18(4):125-130.
[26]佀国涵,赵书军,王瑞,等.连年翻压绿肥对植烟土壤物理及生物性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):905-912.
[27]刘晓宏,郝明德.长期轮作施肥对土壤固定态铵释放动力学的影响研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(4):471-475.
[28]刘义,陈劲松,刘庆,等.土壤硝化和反硝化作用及影响因素研究进展[J].四川林业科技,2006,27(2):36-41.
[29]张锡洲,李廷轩,王昌全.富钾植物籽粒苋研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(4):230-235.
[30]周晓芬,张彦才,李巧云,等.厩肥、秸秆和绿肥的含钾状况及其对土壤和作物钾素的供应能力[J].华北农学报,1999,14(4):83-87.
[31]席莹莹.绿肥种类和种植方式对水稻产量、养分吸收及土壤肥力的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2014.
[32]潘福霞,鲁剑巍,刘威,等.不同种类绿肥翻压对土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(6):1359-1364.
[33]徐国伟,常二华,蔡建.秸秆还田的效应及影响因素[J].耕作与栽培,2005,(1):6-9.
[34]颜丽,宋杨,贺靖,等.玉米秸秆还田时间和还田方式对土壤肥力和作物产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2004,35(2):143-148.
[35]矫丽娜,李志洪,殷程程,等.秸秆还田深度对黑土腐殖质和酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(2):17-21.
[36]刘波.秸杆腐解最佳条件的研究[J].黑龙江环境通报,2003,27(1):84-85.
[37]韩雅娇,朱新萍,杨宝和,等.土壤湿度和机械长度对棉花秸秆分解率的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2014,31(1):69-73.
[38]李宗新,董树亭,胡昌浩,等.有机无机肥互作对玉米产量及耕层土壤特性的影响[J].玉米科学,2004,12(3):100-102.
[39]丛日环,李小坤,鲁剑巍.土壤钾素转化的影响因素及其研究进展[J].华中农业大学学报,2007,26(6):907-913.
[40]曾文龙.土壤对铵、钾及磷酸离子吸附固定的研究[J].中国烟草科学,2001,22(1):30-34.
[41]BREMER E,KUIKMAN P.Microbial utilization of 14C[U]glucose in soil is affected by the amount and timing of glucose additions[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1993,26(4):511-517.
[42]刘国顺,李正,敬海霞,等.连年翻压绿肥对植烟土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(6):1472-1478.
[43]付海曼,贾黎明.土壤对氮、磷吸附/解吸附特性研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(21):198-203.
[2]陈国军,闫慧峰,吴凯,等.不同收获期的籽粒苋绿肥还田对土壤养分的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(3):215-224.
[3]石屹,计玉,姜鹏超,等.富钾绿肥籽粒苋对夏烟烟叶品质的影响研究[J].中国烟草科学,2002,23(3):5-7.
[4]杨红燕.不同品种箭筈豌豆和苕子生长规律及其替代化肥效果研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2012.
[5]雷波,王昌全,伍仁军,等.富钾绿肥籽粒苋对烤烟干物质积累和产量、质量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2011,17(5):69-73.
[6]李廷轩,马国瑞,王昌全,等.籽粒苋根际土壤及根系分泌物对矿物态钾的活化作用[J].土壤通报,2003,34(1):48-51.
[7]杜青峰,王党军,于翔宇,等.玉米间作夏季绿肥对当季植物养分吸收和土壤养分有效性的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(3):225-233.
[8]张媛媛.绿肥腐解规律及玉米绿肥间种效益的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2011.
[9]陈国军.籽粒苋还田对烟田土壤养分有效性及烟草养分吸收的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2016.
[10]李廷轩,马国瑞.籽粒苋-烟草间作对烟叶部分矿质元素含量及品质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(1):138-140,143.
[11]曹卫东,黄鸿翔.关于我国恢复和发展绿肥若干问题的思考[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009,(4):1-3.
[12]张电学,韩志卿,李东坡,等.不同促腐条件下秸秆还田对土壤微生物量碳氮磷动态变化的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(10):1903-1908.
[13]郑丹.不同条件下作物秸秆养分释放规律的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2012.
[14]吴玉荣.小麦秸秆翻压深度、粉碎程度试验初报[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(10):59.
[15]纵海英.玉米秸秆翻压深度、粉碎程度的试验研究[J].安徽农学通报,2008,14(17):135,196.
[16]KASTEEL R,GARNIER P,VACHIER P,et al.Dye tracer infiltration in the plough layer after straw incorporation[J].Geoderma,2007,137(3/4):360-369.
[17]SONNLEITNER R,LORBEER E,SCHINNE F.Effects of straw,vegetable oil and whey on physical and microbiological properties of a chernozem[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2003,22(3):195-204.
[18]CABILES D M S,ANGELES O R,JOHNSON?BEEBOUT S E,et al.Faster residue decomposition of brittle stem rice mutant due to finer breakage during threshing[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2008,98(2):211-216.
[19]张晋京,窦森,江源,等.玉米秸秆分解期间土壤中有机碳数量的动态变化研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2000,22(3):67-72.
[20]戴志刚,鲁剑巍,李小坤,等.不同作物还田秸秆的养分释放特征试验[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):272-276.
[21]刘佳.二月兰的营养特性及其绿肥效应研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2010.
[22]梁斌,董静,隋方功,等.果园土壤中鼠茅草的降解特性及其对氮素供应的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(3):245-250.
[23]李纯.春油菜做绿肥的研究[J].作物研究,1989,3(1):21-22.
[24]李子双,廉晓娟,王薇,等.我国绿肥的研究进展[J].草业科学,2013,30(7):1135-1140.
[25]赵有翼,蔡立群,王静,等.不同保护性耕作措施对三种土壤微生物氮素类群数量及其分布的影响[J].草业学报,2009,18(4):125-130.
[26]佀国涵,赵书军,王瑞,等.连年翻压绿肥对植烟土壤物理及生物性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):905-912.
[27]刘晓宏,郝明德.长期轮作施肥对土壤固定态铵释放动力学的影响研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(4):471-475.
[28]刘义,陈劲松,刘庆,等.土壤硝化和反硝化作用及影响因素研究进展[J].四川林业科技,2006,27(2):36-41.
[29]张锡洲,李廷轩,王昌全.富钾植物籽粒苋研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(4):230-235.
[30]周晓芬,张彦才,李巧云,等.厩肥、秸秆和绿肥的含钾状况及其对土壤和作物钾素的供应能力[J].华北农学报,1999,14(4):83-87.
[31]席莹莹.绿肥种类和种植方式对水稻产量、养分吸收及土壤肥力的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2014.
[32]潘福霞,鲁剑巍,刘威,等.不同种类绿肥翻压对土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(6):1359-1364.
[33]徐国伟,常二华,蔡建.秸秆还田的效应及影响因素[J].耕作与栽培,2005,(1):6-9.
[34]颜丽,宋杨,贺靖,等.玉米秸秆还田时间和还田方式对土壤肥力和作物产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2004,35(2):143-148.
[35]矫丽娜,李志洪,殷程程,等.秸秆还田深度对黑土腐殖质和酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015(2):17-21.
[36]刘波.秸杆腐解最佳条件的研究[J].黑龙江环境通报,2003,27(1):84-85.
[37]韩雅娇,朱新萍,杨宝和,等.土壤湿度和机械长度对棉花秸秆分解率的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2014,31(1):69-73.
[38]李宗新,董树亭,胡昌浩,等.有机无机肥互作对玉米产量及耕层土壤特性的影响[J].玉米科学,2004,12(3):100-102.
[39]丛日环,李小坤,鲁剑巍.土壤钾素转化的影响因素及其研究进展[J].华中农业大学学报,2007,26(6):907-913.
[40]曾文龙.土壤对铵、钾及磷酸离子吸附固定的研究[J].中国烟草科学,2001,22(1):30-34.
[41]BREMER E,KUIKMAN P.Microbial utilization of 14C[U]glucose in soil is affected by the amount and timing of glucose additions[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1993,26(4):511-517.
[42]刘国顺,李正,敬海霞,等.连年翻压绿肥对植烟土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(6):1472-1478.
[43]付海曼,贾黎明.土壤对氮、磷吸附/解吸附特性研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(21):198-203.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |