Diurnal and seasonal variations in carbon fluxes in bamboo forests during the growing season in Zhejiang province, China
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摘要
Bamboo forest is an important forest type in subtropical China and is characterized by fast growth and high carbon sequestration capacity. However, the dynamics of carbon fluxes during the fast growing period of bamboo shoots and their correlation with environment factors are poorly understood. We measured carbon dioxide exchange and climate variables using open-path eddy covariance methods during the 2011 growing season in a Moso bamboo forest(MB, Phyllostchys edulis) and a Lei bamboo forest(LB, Phyllostachys violascens) in Zhejiang province,China. The bamboo forests were carbon sinks during the growing season. The minimum diurnal net ecosystem exchange(NEE) at MB and LB sites were-0.64 and-0.66 mg C m~(-2) s~(-1), respectively. The minimum monthly NEE, ecosystem respiration(RE), and gross ecosystem exchange(GEE) were-99.3 ± 4.03, 76.2 ±2.46, and~(-1)91.5 ± 4.98 g C m~(-2) month~(-1), respectively,at MB site, compared with-31.8 ± 3.44, 70.4 ± 1.41,and~(-1)57.9 ± 4.86 g C m~(-2) month~(-1), respectively, at LB site. Maximum RE was 92.1 ± 1.32 g C m~(-2) month~(-1) at MB site and 151.0 ± 2.38 g C m~(-2) month~(-1) at LB site.Key control factors varied by month during the growing season, but across the whole growing season, NEE and GEE at both sites showed similar trends in sensitivities to photosynthetic active radiation and vapor pressure deficit,and air temperature had the strongest correlation with RE at both sites. Carbon fluxes at LB site were more sensitive to soil water content compared to those at MB site. Both onyear(years when many new shoots are produced) and offyear(years when none or few new shoots are produced)should be studied in bamboo forests to better understand their role in global carbon cycling.
Bamboo forest is an important forest type in subtropical China and is characterized by fast growth and high carbon sequestration capacity. However, the dynamics of carbon fluxes during the fast growing period of bamboo shoots and their correlation with environment factors are poorly understood. We measured carbon dioxide exchange and climate variables using open-path eddy covariance methods during the 2011 growing season in a Moso bamboo forest(MB, Phyllostchys edulis) and a Lei bamboo forest(LB, Phyllostachys violascens) in Zhejiang province,China. The bamboo forests were carbon sinks during the growing season. The minimum diurnal net ecosystem exchange(NEE) at MB and LB sites were-0.64 and-0.66 mg C m~(-2) s~(-1), respectively. The minimum monthly NEE, ecosystem respiration(RE), and gross ecosystem exchange(GEE) were-99.3 ± 4.03, 76.2 ±2.46, and~(-1)91.5 ± 4.98 g C m~(-2) month~(-1), respectively,at MB site, compared with-31.8 ± 3.44, 70.4 ± 1.41,and~(-1)57.9 ± 4.86 g C m~(-2) month~(-1), respectively, at LB site. Maximum RE was 92.1 ± 1.32 g C m~(-2) month~(-1) at MB site and 151.0 ± 2.38 g C m~(-2) month~(-1) at LB site.Key control factors varied by month during the growing season, but across the whole growing season, NEE and GEE at both sites showed similar trends in sensitivities to photosynthetic active radiation and vapor pressure deficit,and air temperature had the strongest correlation with RE at both sites. Carbon fluxes at LB site were more sensitive to soil water content compared to those at MB site. Both onyear(years when many new shoots are produced) and offyear(years when none or few new shoots are produced)should be studied in bamboo forests to better understand their role in global carbon cycling.
Bamboo forest is an important forest type in subtropical China and is characterized by fast growth and high carbon sequestration capacity. However, the dynamics of carbon fluxes during the fast growing period of bamboo shoots and their correlation with environment factors are poorly understood. We measured carbon dioxide exchange and climate variables using open-path eddy covariance methods during the 2011 growing season in a Moso bamboo forest(MB, Phyllostchys edulis) and a Lei bamboo forest(LB, Phyllostachys violascens) in Zhejiang province,China. The bamboo forests were carbon sinks during the growing season. The minimum diurnal net ecosystem exchange(NEE) at MB and LB sites were-0.64 and-0.66 mg C m~(-2) s~(-1), respectively. The minimum monthly NEE, ecosystem respiration(RE), and gross ecosystem exchange(GEE) were-99.3 ± 4.03, 76.2 ±2.46, and~(-1)91.5 ± 4.98 g C m~(-2) month~(-1), respectively,at MB site, compared with-31.8 ± 3.44, 70.4 ± 1.41,and~(-1)57.9 ± 4.86 g C m~(-2) month~(-1), respectively, at LB site. Maximum RE was 92.1 ± 1.32 g C m~(-2) month~(-1) at MB site and 151.0 ± 2.38 g C m~(-2) month~(-1) at LB site.Key control factors varied by month during the growing season, but across the whole growing season, NEE and GEE at both sites showed similar trends in sensitivities to photosynthetic active radiation and vapor pressure deficit,and air temperature had the strongest correlation with RE at both sites. Carbon fluxes at LB site were more sensitive to soil water content compared to those at MB site. Both onyear(years when many new shoots are produced) and offyear(years when none or few new shoots are produced)should be studied in bamboo forests to better understand their role in global carbon cycling.
引文
Allard V,Ourcival JM,Rambal S,Joffre R,Rocheteau A(2008)Seasonal and annual variation of carbon exchange in an evergreen Mediterranean forest in southern France.Glob Change Biol 14(4):714-725
Baldocchi D,Falge E,Gu LH,Olson R,Hollinger D,Running S,Anthoni P,Bernhofer C,Davis K,Evans R,Fuentes J,Goldstein A,Katul G,Law B,Lee X,Malhi Y,Meyers T,Munger W,Oechel W,Paw KT,Pilegaard K,Schmid HP,Valentini R,Verma S,Vesala T,Wilson K,Wofsy S(2001)FLUXNET:a new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide,water vapor,and energy flux densities.Bull Am Meteor Soc 82(11):2415-2434
Barr AG,Black TA,Hogg EH,Griffis TJ,Morgenstern K,Kljun N,Theede A,Nesic Z(2007)Climatic controls on the carbon and water balances of a boreal aspen forest,1994-2003.Glob Change Biol 13(3):561-576
Beer C,Reichstein M,Tomelleri E,Ciais P,Jung M,Carvalhais N,Rodenbeck C,Arain MA,Baldocchi D,Bonan GB,Bondeau A,Cescatti A,Lasslop G,Lindroth A,Lomas M,Luyssaert S,Margolis H,Oleson KW,Roupsard O,Veenendaal E,Viovy N,Williams C,Woodward FI,Papale D(2010)Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake:global distribution and covariation with climate.Science 329(5993):834-838
Cao QG,Feng SX,He YX(1995)Effects of floor-covering material on the shoot production in the stands of Phylostachs praecox Chu et Chao.Forest Res 1995(1):39-43(in Chinese)
Chen YF,Jiang H,Zhou G,Yang S,Chen J(2013)Estimation of CO2fluxes and its seasonal variations from the effective management lei bamboo(Phyllostachys Violascens).Acta Ecol Sin33(11):3434-3444(in Chinese)
Chen Z,Yu GR,Ge JP,Wang QF,Zhu XJ,Xu ZW(2015)Roles of climate,vegetation and soil in regulating the spatial variations in ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes in the Northern Hemisphere.PLoS ONE 10(4):e0125265
Desai AR,Bolstad PV,Cook BD,Davis KJ,Carey EV.2005.Comparing net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide between an old-growth and mature forest in the upper Midwest,USA.Agric For Meteorol,128(s 1-2):33-55
Falge E,Baldoechi D,Olson R,Anthoni P,Aubinet M,Bernhofer C(2001)Gap filling strategies for defensible annual sums of net ecosystem exchange.Agric For Meteorol 107:43-69
Falge E,Baldocchi D,Tenhunen J,Aubinet M,Bakwin P,Berbigier P,Bernhofer C,Burba G,Clement R,Davis KJ(2002)Seasonality of ecosystem respiration and gross primary production as derived from FLUXNET measurements.Agric For Meteorol 113:53-74
Farquhar GD,Sharkey TD(2003)Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis.Ann Rev Plant Physiol 33(4):317-345
Fenn K,Malhi Y,Morecroft M,Lloyd C,Thomas M(2015)The carbon cycle of a maritime ancient temperate broadleaved woodland at seasonal and annual scales.Ecosystems 18(1):1-15
Fernández-Martínez M,Vicca S,Janssens IA,Luyssaert S,Campioli M,Sardans J,Estiarte M,Peuelas J(2014)Spatial variability and controls over biomass stocks,carbon fluxes,and resourceuse efficiencies across forest ecosystems.Trees 28(2):597-611
Froelich N,Croft H,Chen JM,Gonsamo A,Staebler RM(2015)Trends of carbon fluxes and climate over a mixed temperateboreal transition forest in southern Ontario,Canada.Agric For Meteorol 211-212:72-84
Gao X,Li ZD,Yu HM,Jiang ZH,Wang C,Zhang Y,LiH Qi,Shi L(2016)Modeling of the height-diameter relationship using an allometric equation model:a case study of stands of Phyllostachys edulis.J For Res 27(2):339-347
Gonsamo A,Croft H,Chen JM,Wu CY,Froelich N,Staebler RM(2015)Radiation contributed more than temperature to increased decadal autumn and annual carbon uptake of two eastern North America mature forests.Agric For Meteorol 201(4):8-16
Grossiord C,Granier A,Gessler A,Pollastrini M,Bonal D(2013)The influence of tree species mixture on ecosystem-level carbon accumulation and water use in a mixed boreal plantation.For Ecol Manage 298:82-92
Hollinger DY,Weir PL(1994)Carbon Dioxide exchange between an undisturbed old-growth temperate forest and the atmosphere.Ecology 75(1):134-150
Jandl R,Lindner M,Vesterdal L,Bauwens B,Baritz R,Hagedorn F,Johnson DW,Minkkinen K,Byrne KA(2007)How strongly can forest management influence soil carbon sequestration?Geoderma 137(3-4):253-268
Jiang Y(2010)The research of north subtropical secondary oak forest carbon budget.Nanjing Forestry University,NanJing(in Chinese)
Jiang PK,Xu QF,Xu ZH,Cao ZH(2006)Seasonal changes in soil labile organic carbon pools within a Phyllostachys praecox stand under high rate fertilization and winter mulch in subtropical China.For Ecol Manage 236(1):30-36
Kittur BH,Sudhakara K,Kumar BM,Kunhamu TK,Sureshkumar P(2017)Effects of clump spacing on nutrient distribution and root activity of Dendrocalamus strictus in the humid region of Kerala,peninsular India.J For Res 28(6):1135-1146
Law BE,Goldstein AH,Anthoni PM,Unsworth MH,Panek JA,Bauer MR,Fracheboud JM,Hultman N(2001)Carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange by young and old ponderosa pine ecosystems during a dry summer.Tree Physiol 21(5):299-308
Law BE,Falge E,Gu LL,Baldocchi DD,Bakwin P,Berbigier P,Davis K,Dolman AJ,Falk M,Fuentes JD(2002)Environmental controls over carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange of terrestrial vegetation.Agric For Meteorol 113(1-4):97-120
Leigh A(2009)What we’ve learned in 2008.Nat Rep Clim Change3:4-6
Liu YF,Yu GR,Wen XF,Wang YH,Song X,Li J,Sun XM,Yang FT,Chen YR,Liu QJ(2006)Seasonal dynamics of CO2fluxes from subtropical plantation coniferous ecosystem.Sci China,Ser D Earth Sci 49(S2):99-109
Lobovikov M,Paudel S,Piazza M,Ren H,Wu JQ.2006.World bamboo resources:a thematic study prepared in the framework of the global forest resources assessment 2005,pp.1-87.Accessed 24.02.16:http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a1243e/a1243e00.htm
Lou YP,Li YX,Buckingham K,Henley G,Zhou GM(2010)Bamboo and climate change mitigation:a comparative analysis of carbon sequestration.International Network for Bamboo and Rattan(INBAR),Beijing
Piao SL,Sitch S,Ciais P,Friedlingstein P,Peylin P,Wang XH,Ahlstrom A,Anav A,Canadell JG,Cong N,Huntingford C,Jung M,Levis S,Levy PE,Li JS,Lin X,Lomas MR,Lu M,Luo YQ,Ma YC,Myneni RB,Poulter B,Sun ZZ,Wang T,Viovy N,Zaehle S,Zeng N(2013)Evaluation of terrestrial carbon cycle models for their response to climate variability and to CO2trends.Glob Change Biol 19(7):2117-2132
Qiu FG(1984)The on-year and off-year of phyllostarchys pubescens forests and their control.J Bamboo Res 3(2):62-69(in Chinese)
Ruimy A,Jarvis PG,Baldocchi DD,Saugier B(1995)CO2fluxes over plant canopies and solar radiation:a review.Adv Ecol Res26:1-68
Saigusa N,Yamamoto S,Murayama S,Kondo H,Nishimura N.2002.Gross primary production and net ecosystem exchange of a cooltemperate deciduous forest estimated by the eddy covariance method.Agric For Meteorol,112(s 3-4):203-215
Seiler C,Hutjes RWA,Kruijt B,Hickler T(2015)The sensitivity of wet and dry tropical forests to climate change in Bolivia.J Geophys Res:Biogeosci 120(3):399-413
SFAPRC(2006)Statistics of Forest Resources in China(1999-2003).China,State Forestry Administration(in Chinese)
Sun C,Jiang H,Zhou GM,Yang S,Chen YF(2013)Variation characteristics of CO2flux in Phyllostachys edulis forest ecosystem in subtropical region of China.Chin J Appl Ecol24(10):2717-2724(in Chinese)
Sun C,Jiang H,Chen J,Liu YL,Niu XD,Chen XF,Fang CY(2015)Energy flux and balance analysis of Phyllostachys edulis forest ecosystem in subtropical China.Acta Ecol Sin35(12):4128-4136(in Chinese)
Tang XL,Fan SH,Qi LH,Guan FY,Du MY,Zhang H(2016)Soil respiration and net ecosystem production in relation to intensive management in Moso bamboo forests.CATENA 137:219-228
Wang XK,Bai YY,Ouyang YZ,Miao H(2002)Missing sink in global carbon cycle and its causes.Acta Ecol Sin 22(1):94-103(in Chinese)
Wang CL,Yu GR,Zhou GY,Yan JH,Zhang LM,Wang X,Tang XL,Sun XM(2006)CO2flux evaluation over the evergreen coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Dinghushan,China.Sci China,Ser D Earth Sci 49(S2):127-138
Webb EK,Pearman GI,Leuning RG(1980)Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water-vapor transfer.Q J R Meteorol Soc 106(447):85-100
Wilczak JM,Oncley SP,Stage SA(2001)Sonic anemometer tilt correction algorithms.Bound-Layer Meteorol 99(1):127-150
Xie J,Jia X,He GM,Zhou CX,Yu HQ,Wu YJ,Bourque CPA,Liu H,Zha TS(2015)Environmental control over seasonal variation in carbon fluxes of an urban temperate forest ecosystem.Landscape Urban Plan 142:63-70
Xu XJ(2013)Combination remote sensing and ground-based observation for monitoring carbon and water fluxes of moso bamboo forest.Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou
Yu GR,Chen Z,Piao SL,Peng CH,Ciais P,Wang QF,Li XR,Zhu XJ(2014)High carbon dioxide uptake by subtropical forest ecosystems in the East Asian monsoon region.Proc natl Acad Sci U S A 111(13):4910-4915
Zhang LM,Yu GR,Sun XM,Sun XM,Wen XF,Reng CY,Song X,Liu YF,Guan DX,Yan JH,Zhang YP.2006.Seasonal change of carbon budget of typical forest ecosystems along North South Transection of Eastern China(NSTEC).Sci China(Series D),36(suppl.1):45-59
Zhang L,Sun R,Xu ZW,Qiao C,Jiang GQ(2015)Diurnal and seasonal variations in carbon dioxide exchange in ecosystems in the Zhangye oasis area.Northwest China.PLoS One10(3):e0120660
Zhou GM,Jiang PK,Mo LF(2009)Bamboo:a possible approach to the control of global warming.Int J Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul10(4):547-550
Zhou BZ,Li ZC,Wang XM,Cao YH,An YF,Deng ZF,Letu G,Wang G,Gu LH.2011a.Impact of the 2008 ice storm on moso bamboo plantations in southeast China.J Geophys Res,116,G00H06
Zhou GM,Xu XJ,Du HQ,Ge HL,Shi YJ,Zhou YF(2011b)Estimating aboveground carbon of moso bamboo forests using the k nearest neighbors technique and satellite imagery.Photogramm Eng Remote Sen 77(11):1123-1131
Baldocchi D,Falge E,Gu LH,Olson R,Hollinger D,Running S,Anthoni P,Bernhofer C,Davis K,Evans R,Fuentes J,Goldstein A,Katul G,Law B,Lee X,Malhi Y,Meyers T,Munger W,Oechel W,Paw KT,Pilegaard K,Schmid HP,Valentini R,Verma S,Vesala T,Wilson K,Wofsy S(2001)FLUXNET:a new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide,water vapor,and energy flux densities.Bull Am Meteor Soc 82(11):2415-2434
Barr AG,Black TA,Hogg EH,Griffis TJ,Morgenstern K,Kljun N,Theede A,Nesic Z(2007)Climatic controls on the carbon and water balances of a boreal aspen forest,1994-2003.Glob Change Biol 13(3):561-576
Beer C,Reichstein M,Tomelleri E,Ciais P,Jung M,Carvalhais N,Rodenbeck C,Arain MA,Baldocchi D,Bonan GB,Bondeau A,Cescatti A,Lasslop G,Lindroth A,Lomas M,Luyssaert S,Margolis H,Oleson KW,Roupsard O,Veenendaal E,Viovy N,Williams C,Woodward FI,Papale D(2010)Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake:global distribution and covariation with climate.Science 329(5993):834-838
Cao QG,Feng SX,He YX(1995)Effects of floor-covering material on the shoot production in the stands of Phylostachs praecox Chu et Chao.Forest Res 1995(1):39-43(in Chinese)
Chen YF,Jiang H,Zhou G,Yang S,Chen J(2013)Estimation of CO2fluxes and its seasonal variations from the effective management lei bamboo(Phyllostachys Violascens).Acta Ecol Sin33(11):3434-3444(in Chinese)
Chen Z,Yu GR,Ge JP,Wang QF,Zhu XJ,Xu ZW(2015)Roles of climate,vegetation and soil in regulating the spatial variations in ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes in the Northern Hemisphere.PLoS ONE 10(4):e0125265
Desai AR,Bolstad PV,Cook BD,Davis KJ,Carey EV.2005.Comparing net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide between an old-growth and mature forest in the upper Midwest,USA.Agric For Meteorol,128(s 1-2):33-55
Falge E,Baldoechi D,Olson R,Anthoni P,Aubinet M,Bernhofer C(2001)Gap filling strategies for defensible annual sums of net ecosystem exchange.Agric For Meteorol 107:43-69
Falge E,Baldocchi D,Tenhunen J,Aubinet M,Bakwin P,Berbigier P,Bernhofer C,Burba G,Clement R,Davis KJ(2002)Seasonality of ecosystem respiration and gross primary production as derived from FLUXNET measurements.Agric For Meteorol 113:53-74
Farquhar GD,Sharkey TD(2003)Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis.Ann Rev Plant Physiol 33(4):317-345
Fenn K,Malhi Y,Morecroft M,Lloyd C,Thomas M(2015)The carbon cycle of a maritime ancient temperate broadleaved woodland at seasonal and annual scales.Ecosystems 18(1):1-15
Fernández-Martínez M,Vicca S,Janssens IA,Luyssaert S,Campioli M,Sardans J,Estiarte M,Peuelas J(2014)Spatial variability and controls over biomass stocks,carbon fluxes,and resourceuse efficiencies across forest ecosystems.Trees 28(2):597-611
Froelich N,Croft H,Chen JM,Gonsamo A,Staebler RM(2015)Trends of carbon fluxes and climate over a mixed temperateboreal transition forest in southern Ontario,Canada.Agric For Meteorol 211-212:72-84
Gao X,Li ZD,Yu HM,Jiang ZH,Wang C,Zhang Y,LiH Qi,Shi L(2016)Modeling of the height-diameter relationship using an allometric equation model:a case study of stands of Phyllostachys edulis.J For Res 27(2):339-347
Gonsamo A,Croft H,Chen JM,Wu CY,Froelich N,Staebler RM(2015)Radiation contributed more than temperature to increased decadal autumn and annual carbon uptake of two eastern North America mature forests.Agric For Meteorol 201(4):8-16
Grossiord C,Granier A,Gessler A,Pollastrini M,Bonal D(2013)The influence of tree species mixture on ecosystem-level carbon accumulation and water use in a mixed boreal plantation.For Ecol Manage 298:82-92
Hollinger DY,Weir PL(1994)Carbon Dioxide exchange between an undisturbed old-growth temperate forest and the atmosphere.Ecology 75(1):134-150
Jandl R,Lindner M,Vesterdal L,Bauwens B,Baritz R,Hagedorn F,Johnson DW,Minkkinen K,Byrne KA(2007)How strongly can forest management influence soil carbon sequestration?Geoderma 137(3-4):253-268
Jiang Y(2010)The research of north subtropical secondary oak forest carbon budget.Nanjing Forestry University,NanJing(in Chinese)
Jiang PK,Xu QF,Xu ZH,Cao ZH(2006)Seasonal changes in soil labile organic carbon pools within a Phyllostachys praecox stand under high rate fertilization and winter mulch in subtropical China.For Ecol Manage 236(1):30-36
Kittur BH,Sudhakara K,Kumar BM,Kunhamu TK,Sureshkumar P(2017)Effects of clump spacing on nutrient distribution and root activity of Dendrocalamus strictus in the humid region of Kerala,peninsular India.J For Res 28(6):1135-1146
Law BE,Goldstein AH,Anthoni PM,Unsworth MH,Panek JA,Bauer MR,Fracheboud JM,Hultman N(2001)Carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange by young and old ponderosa pine ecosystems during a dry summer.Tree Physiol 21(5):299-308
Law BE,Falge E,Gu LL,Baldocchi DD,Bakwin P,Berbigier P,Davis K,Dolman AJ,Falk M,Fuentes JD(2002)Environmental controls over carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange of terrestrial vegetation.Agric For Meteorol 113(1-4):97-120
Leigh A(2009)What we’ve learned in 2008.Nat Rep Clim Change3:4-6
Liu YF,Yu GR,Wen XF,Wang YH,Song X,Li J,Sun XM,Yang FT,Chen YR,Liu QJ(2006)Seasonal dynamics of CO2fluxes from subtropical plantation coniferous ecosystem.Sci China,Ser D Earth Sci 49(S2):99-109
Lobovikov M,Paudel S,Piazza M,Ren H,Wu JQ.2006.World bamboo resources:a thematic study prepared in the framework of the global forest resources assessment 2005,pp.1-87.Accessed 24.02.16:http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a1243e/a1243e00.htm
Lou YP,Li YX,Buckingham K,Henley G,Zhou GM(2010)Bamboo and climate change mitigation:a comparative analysis of carbon sequestration.International Network for Bamboo and Rattan(INBAR),Beijing
Piao SL,Sitch S,Ciais P,Friedlingstein P,Peylin P,Wang XH,Ahlstrom A,Anav A,Canadell JG,Cong N,Huntingford C,Jung M,Levis S,Levy PE,Li JS,Lin X,Lomas MR,Lu M,Luo YQ,Ma YC,Myneni RB,Poulter B,Sun ZZ,Wang T,Viovy N,Zaehle S,Zeng N(2013)Evaluation of terrestrial carbon cycle models for their response to climate variability and to CO2trends.Glob Change Biol 19(7):2117-2132
Qiu FG(1984)The on-year and off-year of phyllostarchys pubescens forests and their control.J Bamboo Res 3(2):62-69(in Chinese)
Ruimy A,Jarvis PG,Baldocchi DD,Saugier B(1995)CO2fluxes over plant canopies and solar radiation:a review.Adv Ecol Res26:1-68
Saigusa N,Yamamoto S,Murayama S,Kondo H,Nishimura N.2002.Gross primary production and net ecosystem exchange of a cooltemperate deciduous forest estimated by the eddy covariance method.Agric For Meteorol,112(s 3-4):203-215
Seiler C,Hutjes RWA,Kruijt B,Hickler T(2015)The sensitivity of wet and dry tropical forests to climate change in Bolivia.J Geophys Res:Biogeosci 120(3):399-413
SFAPRC(2006)Statistics of Forest Resources in China(1999-2003).China,State Forestry Administration(in Chinese)
Sun C,Jiang H,Zhou GM,Yang S,Chen YF(2013)Variation characteristics of CO2flux in Phyllostachys edulis forest ecosystem in subtropical region of China.Chin J Appl Ecol24(10):2717-2724(in Chinese)
Sun C,Jiang H,Chen J,Liu YL,Niu XD,Chen XF,Fang CY(2015)Energy flux and balance analysis of Phyllostachys edulis forest ecosystem in subtropical China.Acta Ecol Sin35(12):4128-4136(in Chinese)
Tang XL,Fan SH,Qi LH,Guan FY,Du MY,Zhang H(2016)Soil respiration and net ecosystem production in relation to intensive management in Moso bamboo forests.CATENA 137:219-228
Wang XK,Bai YY,Ouyang YZ,Miao H(2002)Missing sink in global carbon cycle and its causes.Acta Ecol Sin 22(1):94-103(in Chinese)
Wang CL,Yu GR,Zhou GY,Yan JH,Zhang LM,Wang X,Tang XL,Sun XM(2006)CO2flux evaluation over the evergreen coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Dinghushan,China.Sci China,Ser D Earth Sci 49(S2):127-138
Webb EK,Pearman GI,Leuning RG(1980)Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water-vapor transfer.Q J R Meteorol Soc 106(447):85-100
Wilczak JM,Oncley SP,Stage SA(2001)Sonic anemometer tilt correction algorithms.Bound-Layer Meteorol 99(1):127-150
Xie J,Jia X,He GM,Zhou CX,Yu HQ,Wu YJ,Bourque CPA,Liu H,Zha TS(2015)Environmental control over seasonal variation in carbon fluxes of an urban temperate forest ecosystem.Landscape Urban Plan 142:63-70
Xu XJ(2013)Combination remote sensing and ground-based observation for monitoring carbon and water fluxes of moso bamboo forest.Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou
Yu GR,Chen Z,Piao SL,Peng CH,Ciais P,Wang QF,Li XR,Zhu XJ(2014)High carbon dioxide uptake by subtropical forest ecosystems in the East Asian monsoon region.Proc natl Acad Sci U S A 111(13):4910-4915
Zhang LM,Yu GR,Sun XM,Sun XM,Wen XF,Reng CY,Song X,Liu YF,Guan DX,Yan JH,Zhang YP.2006.Seasonal change of carbon budget of typical forest ecosystems along North South Transection of Eastern China(NSTEC).Sci China(Series D),36(suppl.1):45-59
Zhang L,Sun R,Xu ZW,Qiao C,Jiang GQ(2015)Diurnal and seasonal variations in carbon dioxide exchange in ecosystems in the Zhangye oasis area.Northwest China.PLoS One10(3):e0120660
Zhou GM,Jiang PK,Mo LF(2009)Bamboo:a possible approach to the control of global warming.Int J Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul10(4):547-550
Zhou BZ,Li ZC,Wang XM,Cao YH,An YF,Deng ZF,Letu G,Wang G,Gu LH.2011a.Impact of the 2008 ice storm on moso bamboo plantations in southeast China.J Geophys Res,116,G00H06
Zhou GM,Xu XJ,Du HQ,Ge HL,Shi YJ,Zhou YF(2011b)Estimating aboveground carbon of moso bamboo forests using the k nearest neighbors technique and satellite imagery.Photogramm Eng Remote Sen 77(11):1123-1131
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