吉林省主要农作物秸秆综合利用现状、问题及对策分析
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摘要
吉林省是国家粮食大省,农作物秸秆资源十分丰富,秸秆资源综合利用的问题突出。根据现有研究成果、调查问卷和访谈,以吉林省2016年统计数据为主,测算出吉林省主要农作物秸秆可收集资源量,得出吉林省秸秆综合利用结构,2016年吉林省主要农作物秸秆可收集资源4 020万t,以玉米秸秆为主,占全部秸秆资源的84.6%,秸秆资源集中分布在吉林省的中部地区和偏西地区。秸秆利用以家庭燃用和废弃焚烧为主,饲料化和肥料化利用次之,食用菌基料化和工业原料化利用很小。秸秆综合利用存在收储运体系不健全、利用层次低、成本高、技术滞后、利益机制不完善等问题。对此提出吉林省秸秆综合利用应多元化综合发展、完善秸秆收储运体系、制定针对性补贴政策和建立示范试点等对策。
Jilin province is a large state food province with abundant crop straw resources.It is a serious problem the about comprehensive utilization of straw resources in Jilin province,the paper summarized the countermeasures of comprehensive collection of straw through the analysis of literature and data.Based on the existing research results,questionnaires and interviews,the paper calculated the available resources of main crops straw and summaried and analyzed the comprehensive utilization structure of straw in Jilin province in 2016 and put forward optimization countermeasures.The collectable resources of straw of the main crops in Jilin province were 40.2 million tons,maize straw mainly accounting for 84.6% of the total straw resources,and straw resources were concentrated in the central and western regions of Jilin province in 2016.The utilization of straw was mainly domestic combustion and waste incineration,followed by forage and fertilizer utilization,and the utilization of edible fungi and industrial raw materials was very small.There were some problems in the comprehensive utilization of straw,such as imperfect system of harvest,storage and transportation,low level of utilization,high cost,lagging technology and imperfect profit mechanism.The comprehensive utilization of straw in Jilin province should be developed in a diversified and comprehensive way,the system of straw harvest,storage and transportation should be improved,the targeted subsidy policy should be formulated and the demonstration area should be set up.
Jilin province is a large state food province with abundant crop straw resources.It is a serious problem the about comprehensive utilization of straw resources in Jilin province,the paper summarized the countermeasures of comprehensive collection of straw through the analysis of literature and data.Based on the existing research results,questionnaires and interviews,the paper calculated the available resources of main crops straw and summaried and analyzed the comprehensive utilization structure of straw in Jilin province in 2016 and put forward optimization countermeasures.The collectable resources of straw of the main crops in Jilin province were 40.2 million tons,maize straw mainly accounting for 84.6% of the total straw resources,and straw resources were concentrated in the central and western regions of Jilin province in 2016.The utilization of straw was mainly domestic combustion and waste incineration,followed by forage and fertilizer utilization,and the utilization of edible fungi and industrial raw materials was very small.There were some problems in the comprehensive utilization of straw,such as imperfect system of harvest,storage and transportation,low level of utilization,high cost,lagging technology and imperfect profit mechanism.The comprehensive utilization of straw in Jilin province should be developed in a diversified and comprehensive way,the system of straw harvest,storage and transportation should be improved,the targeted subsidy policy should be formulated and the demonstration area should be set up.
引文
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[4] 刘鹏,那伟.吉林省主要农作物秸秆资源评价及能源化利用分析[J].吉林农业科学,2010,35(5):58-64.
[5] 那伟,赵新颖,黄枭.吉林省玉米秸秆可利用资源评价分析[J].中国农业资源与区划,2010,31(6):32-36.
[6] 陈光,吴卓夫,张兆业.秸秆综合利用研究动态及展望[J].吉林农业大学学报,2016,38(5):505-510.
[7] 韩鲁佳.中国农作物秸秆资源及其利用现状[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(3):87-91.
[8] 王舒娟.江苏省农户秸秆综合利用的实证研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.
[9] 吕开宇,仇焕广,白军.中国玉米秸秆直接还田的现状与发展[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2013,23(3):171-176.
[10] 王美璇.吉林省玉米秸秆综合利用现状及建议[J].黑龙江农业科学,2017(7):105-108.
[11] 李海亮,汪春,孙海天,等.农作物秸秆的综合利用与可持续发展[J].农机化研究,2017(8):256-263.
[12] 陈玉华,田富洋,闫银发,等.农作物秸秆综合利用的现状、存在问题及发展建议[J].中国农机化学报,2018,39(2):67-74.
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[14] 杨轶囡,吴迪,刘文明,等.吉林省玉米秸秆资源化利用的问题与对策研究[J].玉米科学,2016,24(2):171-174.
[15] 王金武,唐汉,王金峰.东北地区作物秸秆资源综合利用现状与发展分析[J].农业机械学报,2017(5):1-21.
[16] 赵辉,乔壮,张淑莲,等.吉林省秸秆综合利用发展思路研究[J].中国农业信息,2017(1):39-41.
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