我国柑橘全要素生产率测算与区域差异分析——基于DEA-Malmquist指数法
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摘要
[目的]在我国柑橘产业蓬勃发展背景下,存在耕地规模狭小和劳动资源匮乏的双重瓶颈,研究试图从全要素生产率视角探究柑橘产业可持续健康发展的路径。[方法]基于2011—2016年我国柑橘生产的面板数据,文章运用DEA-Malmquist指数法测算了柑橘全要素生产率,分析了我国柑橘全要素生产率的动态演进特点,比较了柑橘、柑和橘全要素生产率的区域差异。[结果](1)从整体趋势看,2011年以来我国柑橘全要素生产率呈下降趋势,但年际间波动较小。考察期间内,柑橘、柑和橘的平均全要素生产率增长率分别为2. 6%、2. 0%和2. 3%。(2)从影响因素看,技术进步是影响柑橘产业全要素生产率的主要因素,纯技术效率和规模效率是影响全要素生产率的重要因素。(3)从区域差异看,科技进步为福建、广东等省份柑橘产业的生产效率的提升发挥了重要作用,但经营规模过小阻碍了其生产效率的进一步提高,其增长优势明显劣于江西、湖南两省。(4)从品种分类看,多数省份橘的技术进步指数和规模效率指数均高于柑,柑的全要素生产率增长相对较差,仅在部分省份优势明显。[结论]推进柑橘科技创新,引导适度规模经营,培育新型农业经营主体,因地制宜实施柑橘产业支持政策是促进我国柑橘全要素生产率增长有效途径。
Under the background of vigorous development of citrus industry in China,there is a double bottleneck,namely small scale of cultivated land and lack of labor resources. This study attempts to explore the sustainable and healthy development path of citrus industry from the perspective of total factor productivity. Based on the panel data of citrus production in China from 2011 to 2016,this study used the DEA-Malmquist index method to measure total factor productivity of citrus,analyzed the dynamic evolution characteristics of citrus' TFP,and compared the regional differences of total factor productivity of citrus,mandarin and tangerine. The results show that( 1) From the overall trend,the total factor productivity of citrus in China has shown a downward trend since 2011,but the interannual fluctuation is small. During the period of investigation,the average TFP growth rates of citrus,mandarin and orange are 2. 6%,2. 0% and 2. 3%,respectively.( 2) From the impact of factors,technological progress is the main factors that affecting the growth of citrus' TFP in China,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency are important influencing factors of the total factor productivity.( 3) From the regional differences,the technological progress plays an important role in improving the production efficiency of citrus industry in Fujian,Guangdong and other provinces,but the small scale of operation hinders the further improvement of production efficiency. And its growth advantage is obviously inferior to that of Jiangxi,Hunan province.( 4) From the classification of citrus varieties,the technological improvement index and scale efficiency index of orange in most provinces are higher than that of mandarin,while the growth of total factor productivity of mandarin is relatively weak,which is only obvious in few provinces. It is an effective way to promote the total factor productivity growth of citrus in China by promoting the innovation of citrus science and technology,guiding moderate scale operation,cultivating new agricultural business entities and implementing citrus support policies according to local conditions.
Under the background of vigorous development of citrus industry in China,there is a double bottleneck,namely small scale of cultivated land and lack of labor resources. This study attempts to explore the sustainable and healthy development path of citrus industry from the perspective of total factor productivity. Based on the panel data of citrus production in China from 2011 to 2016,this study used the DEA-Malmquist index method to measure total factor productivity of citrus,analyzed the dynamic evolution characteristics of citrus' TFP,and compared the regional differences of total factor productivity of citrus,mandarin and tangerine. The results show that( 1) From the overall trend,the total factor productivity of citrus in China has shown a downward trend since 2011,but the interannual fluctuation is small. During the period of investigation,the average TFP growth rates of citrus,mandarin and orange are 2. 6%,2. 0% and 2. 3%,respectively.( 2) From the impact of factors,technological progress is the main factors that affecting the growth of citrus' TFP in China,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency are important influencing factors of the total factor productivity.( 3) From the regional differences,the technological progress plays an important role in improving the production efficiency of citrus industry in Fujian,Guangdong and other provinces,but the small scale of operation hinders the further improvement of production efficiency. And its growth advantage is obviously inferior to that of Jiangxi,Hunan province.( 4) From the classification of citrus varieties,the technological improvement index and scale efficiency index of orange in most provinces are higher than that of mandarin,while the growth of total factor productivity of mandarin is relatively weak,which is only obvious in few provinces. It is an effective way to promote the total factor productivity growth of citrus in China by promoting the innovation of citrus science and technology,guiding moderate scale operation,cultivating new agricultural business entities and implementing citrus support policies according to local conditions.
引文
[1]王志彬,汤荣丽.我国柑橘生产技术效率实证分析.经济问题探索,2011(12):185-190.
[2]熊巍,祁春节.湖北省柑橘产业生产效率的DEA分析.华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2012(5):36-40.
[3]周霞,胡继连,宋霞.中国柑橘供求弹性与生产波动影响因素实证研究.中国农业资源与区划,2014(3):52-58.
[4]向云,祁春节,王伟新.柑橘生产的要素替代关系及增长路径研究———基于主产区面板数据的实证分析.中国农业大学学报,2017,22(7):200-209.
[5]祁春节.中国柑橘产业的经济分析与政策研究.武汉:华中农业大学,2001.
[6]李道和,郭锦墉,朱述斌.中国柑橘产业的全要素生产率、技术进步与效率变化.农林经济管理学报,2010,9(1):43-47.
[7]陈新建,曾继吾,金燕,等.基于随机前沿生产函数的柑橘生产技术效率分析.浙江农业学报,2011,23(5):1038-1043.
[8]汤荣丽.我国柑橘投入产出效率研究.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[9]张炳亮.我国柑橘产业投入产出效率测算、趋势及改进.广东农业科学,2014,41(14):219-223.
[10] Malmquist S. Index numbers and indifference surfaces. Trabajos De Estadistica,1953,4(2):209-242.
[11]邢慧茹,张晓骏,邓义.农业生产效率与其影响因素相关关系实证分析———基于湖北省数据.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(12):198-203.
[12]何劲,祁春节.我国柑橘生产成本和价格变动的实证研究.经济纵横,2009(2):84-86.
[13]江松颖,刘颖,王嫚嫚.我国谷物全要素生产率的动态演进及区域差异研究.农业技术经济,2016(6):13-20.
[14]李谷成.技术效率、技术进步与中国农业生产率增长.经济评论,2009(1):60-68.
[2]熊巍,祁春节.湖北省柑橘产业生产效率的DEA分析.华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2012(5):36-40.
[3]周霞,胡继连,宋霞.中国柑橘供求弹性与生产波动影响因素实证研究.中国农业资源与区划,2014(3):52-58.
[4]向云,祁春节,王伟新.柑橘生产的要素替代关系及增长路径研究———基于主产区面板数据的实证分析.中国农业大学学报,2017,22(7):200-209.
[5]祁春节.中国柑橘产业的经济分析与政策研究.武汉:华中农业大学,2001.
[6]李道和,郭锦墉,朱述斌.中国柑橘产业的全要素生产率、技术进步与效率变化.农林经济管理学报,2010,9(1):43-47.
[7]陈新建,曾继吾,金燕,等.基于随机前沿生产函数的柑橘生产技术效率分析.浙江农业学报,2011,23(5):1038-1043.
[8]汤荣丽.我国柑橘投入产出效率研究.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[9]张炳亮.我国柑橘产业投入产出效率测算、趋势及改进.广东农业科学,2014,41(14):219-223.
[10] Malmquist S. Index numbers and indifference surfaces. Trabajos De Estadistica,1953,4(2):209-242.
[11]邢慧茹,张晓骏,邓义.农业生产效率与其影响因素相关关系实证分析———基于湖北省数据.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(12):198-203.
[12]何劲,祁春节.我国柑橘生产成本和价格变动的实证研究.经济纵横,2009(2):84-86.
[13]江松颖,刘颖,王嫚嫚.我国谷物全要素生产率的动态演进及区域差异研究.农业技术经济,2016(6):13-20.
[14]李谷成.技术效率、技术进步与中国农业生产率增长.经济评论,2009(1):60-68.
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