船用燃机液体耦合式间冷器的稳态运行优化
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摘要
针对船用燃机液体耦合式间冷器的稳态运行优化问题,本文定义了无量纲参数—等效间冷度,并推导其与机上换热器效率、机外换热器效率之间的关系,阐明了以等效间冷度作为表征间冷器对燃机性能影响的单一参数的可行性,从而弱化间冷器内部以及间冷器与燃机之间的耦合。建立了液体耦合式间冷器稳态变工况数学模型,变工况计算结果表明:间冷器空气侧的温降和压降均与等效间冷度呈线性负相关,而间冷器运行功耗与等效间冷度呈非线性正相关。进而以间冷器对燃机性能贡献最大和间冷器自身运行能耗最小为目标,建立了间冷器稳态运行的多目标优化模型,并设计了一种基于变步长搜索的分层序列法用于模型求解,仿真结果表明:该方法可使间冷器运行优化问题快速收敛至分层意义下的全局唯一最优解。
To optimize the steady-state operation of a fluid coupling-type intercooler applied to marine gas turbines,a dimensionless parameter called equivalent intercooler effectiveness was defined and its feasibility to use a single parameter to characterize the effect of intercooler on gas turbine performance was proven. Thus,the coupling between heat exchangers and that between the intercooler and gas turbine was weakened. A mathematical model was built to calculate the off-design condition of the fluid coupling-type intercooler. Calculation results under off-design condition indicated that both temperature and pressure drops on the air side of the intercooler have a linear negative correlation with equivalent intercooler effectiveness,while the operating energy consumption has a significant nonlinear positive correlation with equivalent intercooler effectiveness. Furthermore,taking the maximum contribution of the intercooler to gas turbine performance and minimum energy consumption of the intercooler itself as objective function,we established a multi-objective optimization model of the intercooler operating under steady state. A stratified sequencing method based on variable step search was designed to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. The simulation results showed that this method could perform fast convergence to a global optimal unique solution.
To optimize the steady-state operation of a fluid coupling-type intercooler applied to marine gas turbines,a dimensionless parameter called equivalent intercooler effectiveness was defined and its feasibility to use a single parameter to characterize the effect of intercooler on gas turbine performance was proven. Thus,the coupling between heat exchangers and that between the intercooler and gas turbine was weakened. A mathematical model was built to calculate the off-design condition of the fluid coupling-type intercooler. Calculation results under off-design condition indicated that both temperature and pressure drops on the air side of the intercooler have a linear negative correlation with equivalent intercooler effectiveness,while the operating energy consumption has a significant nonlinear positive correlation with equivalent intercooler effectiveness. Furthermore,taking the maximum contribution of the intercooler to gas turbine performance and minimum energy consumption of the intercooler itself as objective function,we established a multi-objective optimization model of the intercooler operating under steady state. A stratified sequencing method based on variable step search was designed to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. The simulation results showed that this method could perform fast convergence to a global optimal unique solution.
引文
[1]余建祖.换热器原理与设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006:1-7.
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[4]MCCARTHY S J,SCOTT I.The WR-21 intercooled recuperated gas turbine engine:operation and integration into the royal navy type 45 destroyer power system[C]//ASMETurbo Expo 2002:Power for Land,Sea,and Air.Amsterdam,The Netherlands,2002:977-984.
[5]董威,高鹏,郑培英,等.舰船燃气轮机间冷器优化设计与性能分析[J].航空发动机,2011,37(3):22-25.DONG Wei,GAO Peng,ZHENG Peiying,et al.Optimal design and performance analysis of marine gas turbine intercooler[J].Aeroengine,2011,37(3):22-25.
[6]肖鑫,屈卫东.基于改进Alopex算法的燃机中冷器优化设计[J].计算机仿真,2013,30(9):318-321.XIAO Xin,QU Weidong.Improved Alopex algorithm on the optimization design of gas turbine intercooler[J].Computer simulation,2013,30(9):318-321.
[7]ZHAO N B,WEN X Y,LI S Y.Dynamic time-delay characteristics and structural optimization design of marine gas turbine intercooler[J].Mathematical problems in engineering,2014,2014:701843.
[8]张善科.船用间冷循环燃气轮机性能仿真研究[D].北京:中国舰船研究院,2012:24-36.ZHANG Shanke.Simulation research on performance of marine intercooled cycle gas turbine[D].Beijing:China Ship Research Institute,2012:24-36.
[9]张杨.燃气轮机间冷器性能分析及优化设计[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2014:43-57.ZHANG Yang.Optimal design and performance analysis of heat transfer for gas turbine intercooler[D].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2014:43-57.
[10]程宝华,李先瑞.板式换热器及换热装置技术应用手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[11]LIN Ailian,LIANG Jianyin,GU Dejun,et al.On the relationship between convection intensity of south china sea summer monsoon and air-sea temperature difference in the tropical oceans[J].Acta oceanologica sinica,2004,23(2):267-278.
[12]熊学军.中国近海海洋-物理海洋与海洋气象[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.
[13]CHOI H,ZHANG Yuanhang.Monthly variation of sea-air temperature differences in the Korean coast[J].Journal of oceanography,2004,61(5):359-367.
[14]赵士杭.燃气轮机循环与变工况性能[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1993:19-23.
[15]张秀利,梁迎春,董申.多目标结构模糊优化的分层序列法[J].机械设计与制造,1999(5):44-45.ZHANG Xiuli,LIANG Yingchun,DONG Shen.Lexicographic method for fuzzy multiobjective optimization of structures[J].Machinery design&manufacture,1999(5):44-45.
[2]SHEPARD S B,BOWEN T L,CHIPRICH J M.Design and development of the WR-21 intercooled recuperated(ICR)marine gas turbine[J].Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power,1995,117(3):557-562.
[3]孙爱军,肖娜新,马力.WR-21舰船用燃气轮机的设计特点[J].航空发动机,2010,36(4):49-52,31.SUN Aijun,XIAO Naxin,MA Li.Design characteristics of WR-21 marine gas turbine[J].Aeroengine,2010,36(4):49-52,31.
[4]MCCARTHY S J,SCOTT I.The WR-21 intercooled recuperated gas turbine engine:operation and integration into the royal navy type 45 destroyer power system[C]//ASMETurbo Expo 2002:Power for Land,Sea,and Air.Amsterdam,The Netherlands,2002:977-984.
[5]董威,高鹏,郑培英,等.舰船燃气轮机间冷器优化设计与性能分析[J].航空发动机,2011,37(3):22-25.DONG Wei,GAO Peng,ZHENG Peiying,et al.Optimal design and performance analysis of marine gas turbine intercooler[J].Aeroengine,2011,37(3):22-25.
[6]肖鑫,屈卫东.基于改进Alopex算法的燃机中冷器优化设计[J].计算机仿真,2013,30(9):318-321.XIAO Xin,QU Weidong.Improved Alopex algorithm on the optimization design of gas turbine intercooler[J].Computer simulation,2013,30(9):318-321.
[7]ZHAO N B,WEN X Y,LI S Y.Dynamic time-delay characteristics and structural optimization design of marine gas turbine intercooler[J].Mathematical problems in engineering,2014,2014:701843.
[8]张善科.船用间冷循环燃气轮机性能仿真研究[D].北京:中国舰船研究院,2012:24-36.ZHANG Shanke.Simulation research on performance of marine intercooled cycle gas turbine[D].Beijing:China Ship Research Institute,2012:24-36.
[9]张杨.燃气轮机间冷器性能分析及优化设计[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2014:43-57.ZHANG Yang.Optimal design and performance analysis of heat transfer for gas turbine intercooler[D].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2014:43-57.
[10]程宝华,李先瑞.板式换热器及换热装置技术应用手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[11]LIN Ailian,LIANG Jianyin,GU Dejun,et al.On the relationship between convection intensity of south china sea summer monsoon and air-sea temperature difference in the tropical oceans[J].Acta oceanologica sinica,2004,23(2):267-278.
[12]熊学军.中国近海海洋-物理海洋与海洋气象[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012.
[13]CHOI H,ZHANG Yuanhang.Monthly variation of sea-air temperature differences in the Korean coast[J].Journal of oceanography,2004,61(5):359-367.
[14]赵士杭.燃气轮机循环与变工况性能[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1993:19-23.
[15]张秀利,梁迎春,董申.多目标结构模糊优化的分层序列法[J].机械设计与制造,1999(5):44-45.ZHANG Xiuli,LIANG Yingchun,DONG Shen.Lexicographic method for fuzzy multiobjective optimization of structures[J].Machinery design&manufacture,1999(5):44-45.
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