基于多代理系统的电动汽车充放电分布式协同调度策略
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摘要
大规模电动汽车(Electric Vehicles, EV)无序充电行为将增加电力系统运行的安全隐患,而数量庞大的电动汽车充放电优化控制为电力系统能量管控提出了新的挑战。提出一种改进的基于多代理系统(Multi-AgentSystem,MAS)的电动汽车充放电分布式协同调度方法。该方法以负荷填谷为目标,在虚拟电价协同机制框架下,综合考虑了配电网三相负荷平衡、变压器容量约束和节点电压约束,与MAS信息交互机制相结合,通过采用迭代修正虚拟电价的方法,实现EV有序的智能充放电。以IEEE33节点系统为例进行仿真分析,验证了所提方法的特点和有效性。
The large-scale Electric Vehicles(EV) uncontrolled charging behavior will increase the safety hazard of the power system operation, and a large number of EV charging and discharging control brings new challenge to energy management of the power system. In this paper, an improved EV charging and discharging distributed coordination dispatch control strategy based on Multi-Agent System(MAS) is proposed. It aims at the valley-filling, under the framework of the virtual price coordination mechanism, considers the distribution network three-phase balance,transformer capacity and node voltage constraint, and combining with MAS information interaction mechanism, adopts iterative correction of virtual price to achieve the intelligent charging and discharging of EV. Taking IEEE33 node system as an example, simulation and analysis verify the characteristics and effectiveness of the proposed method.
The large-scale Electric Vehicles(EV) uncontrolled charging behavior will increase the safety hazard of the power system operation, and a large number of EV charging and discharging control brings new challenge to energy management of the power system. In this paper, an improved EV charging and discharging distributed coordination dispatch control strategy based on Multi-Agent System(MAS) is proposed. It aims at the valley-filling, under the framework of the virtual price coordination mechanism, considers the distribution network three-phase balance,transformer capacity and node voltage constraint, and combining with MAS information interaction mechanism, adopts iterative correction of virtual price to achieve the intelligent charging and discharging of EV. Taking IEEE33 node system as an example, simulation and analysis verify the characteristics and effectiveness of the proposed method.
引文
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[17]辛昊,严正,许少伦.基于多代理系统的电动汽车协调充电策略[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):48-54.XIN Hao,YAN Zheng,XU Shaolun.Multi-Agent system based coordinated charging strategy for electric vehicles[J].Power Supply Technology,2015,39(1):48-54.
[18]KARFOPOULOS E L,HATZIARGYRIOU N D.Amulti-agent system for controlled charging of a large population of electric vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1196-1204.
[19]PAPADOPOULOS P,JENKINS N,CIPCIGAN L M,et al.Coordination of the charging of electric vehicles using a multi-agent system[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2013,4(4):1802-1809.
[20]李佩杰,林颂晨,白晓清,等.计及配电网三相模型的电动汽车充电滚动时域控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(17):4533-4542.LI Peijie,LIN Songchen,BAI Xiaoqing,et al.Recedinghorizon-control-based charging method of electric vehicle considering three-phase model of distribution network[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(17):4533-4542.
[21]闫志杰,张蕊萍,董海鹰,等.基于需求响应的电动汽车充放电电价与时段研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(15):16-22.YAN Zhijie,ZHANG Ruiping,DONG Haiying,et al.Price and period research of electric vehicles charging and discharging based on demand response[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(15):16-22.
[22]严俊,严凤.峰谷分时电价背景下的居民电动汽车有序充放电策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(15):127-134.YAN Jun,YAN Feng.An orderly charging and discharging strategy for residential electric vehicles based on peakvalley[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(15):127-134.
[23]WECKX S,D'HULST R,CLAESSENS B,et al.Multiagent charging of electric vehicles respecting distribution transformer loading and voltage limits[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(6):2857-2867.
[24]RICHARDSON P,FLYNN D,KEANE A.Local versus centralized charging strategies for electric vehicles in low voltage distribution system[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(2):1020-1028.
[25]HUANG M,MALHAME R,CAINES P.Nash certainty equivalence in large population stochastic dynamic games:connections with the physics of interacting particle systems[C]//45th IEEE International Conference Decision and Control,December 13-15,2006,San Diego,CA,USA:4921-4926.
[2]王锡凡,邵成成,王秀丽,等.电动汽车充电负荷与调度控制策略综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(1):1-10.WANG Xifan,SHAO Chengcheng,WANG Xiuli,et al.Survey of electric vehicle charging load and dispatch control strategies[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(1):1-10.
[3]王鑫,周步祥,唐浩.考虑用户因素的电动汽车有序充放电控制策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(4):129-137.WANG Xin,ZHOU Buxiang,TANG Hao.A coordinated charging/discharging strategy for electric vehicles considering customers'factors[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(4):129-137.
[4]胡文平,何立夫,陈杰军,等.考虑大规模电动汽车接入电网的双层优化调度策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(21):22-28.HU Wenping,HE Lifu,CHEN Jiejun,et al.A bi-layer optimization based schedule considering large-scale electric vehicles[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(21):22-28.
[5]李正烁,郭庆来,孙宏斌,等.计及电动汽车充电预测的实时充电优化方法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(9):60-68.LI Zhengshuo,GUO Qinglai,SUN Hongbin,et al.Realtime charging optimization method considering vehicle charging prediction[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(9):60-68.
[6]姚伟锋,赵俊华,文福栓,等.集中充电模式下的调度汽车调频策略[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(9):69-76.YAO Weifeng,ZHAO Junhua,WEN Fushuan,et al.Frequency regulation strategy for electric vehicles with centralized charging[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(9):69-76.
[7]徐浩,夏鑫珏,李辉,等.计及充电请求预测补偿的电动汽车有序充电策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(24):74-81.XU Hao,XIA Xinjue,LI Hui,et al.An ordered charging strategy for electric vehicles accounting the compensation of predicted charging requests[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(24):74-81.
[8]DEILAMI S,MASOUM A S,MOSES P S,et al.Real-time coordination of plug-in electric vehicle charging in smart grid to minimize power losses and improve voltage profile[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2011,2(3):456-467.
[9]SORTOMME E,EI-SHARKAWI M.Optimal charging strategies for unidirectional vehicle to grid[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2011,2(3):456-467.
[10]HOOG J D,ALPCAN T,BRAZIL M,et al.Optimal charging of electric vehicles taking distribution network constraints into account[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(1):365-375.
[11]HU JUNJIE,MORAIS H,SOUSA T,et al.Electric vehicle fleet management in smart grids:a review of services,optimization and control aspects[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,56:1207-1226.
[12]ZHU Z M,LAMBOTHARAN S,CHIN W H,et al.Amean field game theoretic approach to electric vehicles charging[J].IEEE Access,2016,4:3501-3510.
[13]MA Z,CALLAWAY D,HISKENS I.Decentralized charging control of large populations of plug-in electric vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,2013,21(1):67-78.
[14]GAN L,TOPCU U,LOW S H.Optimal decentralized protocol for electric vehicle charging[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):940-951.
[15]KARFOPOULOS E L,HATZIARGYRIOU N D.Distributed coordination of electric vehicles providing V2G services[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(1):329-338.
[16]于娜,于乐征,李国庆.智能电网环境下基于多代理的商业用户可控负荷管理策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(17):1-9.YU Na,YU Lezheng,LI Guoqing.Controllable load management strategy for commercial users based on multi-agent in smart grid environment[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(17):1-9.
[17]辛昊,严正,许少伦.基于多代理系统的电动汽车协调充电策略[J].电网技术,2015,39(1):48-54.XIN Hao,YAN Zheng,XU Shaolun.Multi-Agent system based coordinated charging strategy for electric vehicles[J].Power Supply Technology,2015,39(1):48-54.
[18]KARFOPOULOS E L,HATZIARGYRIOU N D.Amulti-agent system for controlled charging of a large population of electric vehicles[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1196-1204.
[19]PAPADOPOULOS P,JENKINS N,CIPCIGAN L M,et al.Coordination of the charging of electric vehicles using a multi-agent system[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2013,4(4):1802-1809.
[20]李佩杰,林颂晨,白晓清,等.计及配电网三相模型的电动汽车充电滚动时域控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(17):4533-4542.LI Peijie,LIN Songchen,BAI Xiaoqing,et al.Recedinghorizon-control-based charging method of electric vehicle considering three-phase model of distribution network[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(17):4533-4542.
[21]闫志杰,张蕊萍,董海鹰,等.基于需求响应的电动汽车充放电电价与时段研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(15):16-22.YAN Zhijie,ZHANG Ruiping,DONG Haiying,et al.Price and period research of electric vehicles charging and discharging based on demand response[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(15):16-22.
[22]严俊,严凤.峰谷分时电价背景下的居民电动汽车有序充放电策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(15):127-134.YAN Jun,YAN Feng.An orderly charging and discharging strategy for residential electric vehicles based on peakvalley[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(15):127-134.
[23]WECKX S,D'HULST R,CLAESSENS B,et al.Multiagent charging of electric vehicles respecting distribution transformer loading and voltage limits[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(6):2857-2867.
[24]RICHARDSON P,FLYNN D,KEANE A.Local versus centralized charging strategies for electric vehicles in low voltage distribution system[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(2):1020-1028.
[25]HUANG M,MALHAME R,CAINES P.Nash certainty equivalence in large population stochastic dynamic games:connections with the physics of interacting particle systems[C]//45th IEEE International Conference Decision and Control,December 13-15,2006,San Diego,CA,USA:4921-4926.
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