基于双极化圆阵天线的多路径干涉仪测向研究
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摘要
当低空掠海反舰导弹攻击目标舰船时,因为海面多路径散射波的存在,导致舰船上传统的相关干涉仪测向不准,从而不能有效反击拦截导弹。提出了一种基于双极化圆盘阵列天线的多路径相关干涉仪的测向方法,其工作原理为(假设反舰导弹天线是垂直极化方式)当圆盘阵列天线选择垂直极化方式时,干涉仪接收到导弹直达和海面多路径散射的混合信号;当圆盘阵列天线选择水平极化时,干涉仪仅接收到海面多路径总散射信号。在仿真中,根据相关干涉仪算法和多信号分类(MUSIC)算法,可以画出混合信号和总散射信号的空间坐标分别为方位角3°,4°,俯仰角82°,86°,然后比较两者空间向量之间的关系,得出导弹的空间坐标方位角小于3°,俯仰角小于82°,最后通过最小方差无失真响应(MVDR)空域滤波和波束形成算法抑制干扰信号的影响,通过仿真可以看出总散射信号方位角被抑制大约23 dB,俯仰角被抑制大约17 dB,并通过与仿真场景中导弹的实际空间坐标进行比较,可看出该方法依然存在一定的差距,但也为消除散射多路径对测向的影响提供一种思路与方法。
The multipath scattered waves will appear when low-altitude anti-missiles attack targets, that will lead to inaccurate surveying of the traditional relevant interferometer on the ship and will not be able to counterattack interception missiles effectively. The paper proposes a direction finding of multipath correlation interferometer based on dual-polarized circular array antenna, and its working principle is that the interferometer receives a mixed signal of direct and scattered signals when the circular array antenna selects the vertical polarization mode, and the interferometer receives scattered signals when the circular array antenna selects the horizontal polarization mode. In the simulation, according to the interferometer algorithm and MUSIC algorithm, the azimuth angle 3°and 4°and the elevation angle 82°and 86°of the mixed signal and the scattered signal can be obtained. Comparing the relationship between the two space coordinates, it derives the space coordinates of the missile that the azimuth angle should be less than 3°and the elevation should be less than 82°. Finally, the influence of interference signals is suppressed by the MVDR spatial filtering algorithm, and azimuth and elevation angles of the total scattered signals are suppressed by 23 dB and 17 dB, especially. Although it shows this method still has a certain gap by comparing with the actual space coordinates of the missile in the simulation, it still provides a way to eliminate the effect of multipath on direction finding.
The multipath scattered waves will appear when low-altitude anti-missiles attack targets, that will lead to inaccurate surveying of the traditional relevant interferometer on the ship and will not be able to counterattack interception missiles effectively. The paper proposes a direction finding of multipath correlation interferometer based on dual-polarized circular array antenna, and its working principle is that the interferometer receives a mixed signal of direct and scattered signals when the circular array antenna selects the vertical polarization mode, and the interferometer receives scattered signals when the circular array antenna selects the horizontal polarization mode. In the simulation, according to the interferometer algorithm and MUSIC algorithm, the azimuth angle 3°and 4°and the elevation angle 82°and 86°of the mixed signal and the scattered signal can be obtained. Comparing the relationship between the two space coordinates, it derives the space coordinates of the missile that the azimuth angle should be less than 3°and the elevation should be less than 82°. Finally, the influence of interference signals is suppressed by the MVDR spatial filtering algorithm, and azimuth and elevation angles of the total scattered signals are suppressed by 23 dB and 17 dB, especially. Although it shows this method still has a certain gap by comparing with the actual space coordinates of the missile in the simulation, it still provides a way to eliminate the effect of multipath on direction finding.
引文
[1] Struckman K A. Multipath resolving correlation interferometer direction finding[P]. United States Patent, US 7436351 B2, 2008
[2] 刘亚平. 多径传播对反舰导弹相位干涉仪测角影响的建模与仿真[D]. 长沙:国防科学技术大学,2007 Liu Y P. Modeling and simulation of multipath propagation on angle measurement of anti-ship missile phase interferometer[D]. Changsha: National University of Defense technology, 2007
[3] 桂新涛,程婷,蒲刚. 一种稳健的平行基线相关干涉仪测向方法[J]. 雷达科学与技术, 2013, 11(5):492-497 Gui X T, Cheng T, Pu G. An interferometer direction finding method based on moderate parallel baseline[J]. Radar Science and Technology, 2013, 11(5): 492-497
[4] 桂新涛. 基于均匀圆阵的二维测向算法研究[D]. 成都:电子科技大学,2014 Gui X T. Two dimensional direction finding algorithm based on uniform circular array[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2014
[5] 何子述,夏威. 现代数字信号处理及其应用[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2009 He Z S, Xia W. Modern digital signal processing and its application[M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2009
[6] 蒋驰,张小飞,张立岑. 基于级联MUSIC的面阵中的二维DOA估计算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术,2016,38(2):251-258 Jiang C, Zhang X F, Zhang L C. Two dimensional DOA estimation algorithm based on cascaded MUSIC in planar array[J]. System Engineering and Electronic Technology, 2016,38(2):251-258
[7] 杨怀平,孙家广. 基于海浪谱的模拟仿真[J]. 系统仿真学报,2002,14(9):1175-1178 Yang H P, Sun J G. The simulation based on ocean wave spectrum[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2002,14(9):1175-1178
[8] 李彦佐. 三维海面与海杂波频谱的数值模拟研究[D]. 上海:复旦大学,2005 Li Y Z. Numerical simulation of three dimensional sea surface and sea clutter spectrum[D]. Shanghai:Fudan University, 2005
[9] 李彦佐,金亚秋. 随机粗糙海面的多路径海杂波频谱数值模拟[J]. 微波学报,2005, 21(4):6-11 Li Y Z, Jin Y Q. Numerical simulation of multipath sea clutter spectrum on randomly rough sea surface[J]. Journal of Microwaves, 2005, 21(4):6-11吴文敬男,1991年生,博士生。主要研究方向:微波固态电路和天线技术等。E-mail: 1344332866@qq.com 官伯然(通信作者) 男,1955年生,教授,博士生导师,中国电子学会高级会员。主要研究方向:天线与微波技术,超导电子技术等。
[2] 刘亚平. 多径传播对反舰导弹相位干涉仪测角影响的建模与仿真[D]. 长沙:国防科学技术大学,2007 Liu Y P. Modeling and simulation of multipath propagation on angle measurement of anti-ship missile phase interferometer[D]. Changsha: National University of Defense technology, 2007
[3] 桂新涛,程婷,蒲刚. 一种稳健的平行基线相关干涉仪测向方法[J]. 雷达科学与技术, 2013, 11(5):492-497 Gui X T, Cheng T, Pu G. An interferometer direction finding method based on moderate parallel baseline[J]. Radar Science and Technology, 2013, 11(5): 492-497
[4] 桂新涛. 基于均匀圆阵的二维测向算法研究[D]. 成都:电子科技大学,2014 Gui X T. Two dimensional direction finding algorithm based on uniform circular array[D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2014
[5] 何子述,夏威. 现代数字信号处理及其应用[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2009 He Z S, Xia W. Modern digital signal processing and its application[M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2009
[6] 蒋驰,张小飞,张立岑. 基于级联MUSIC的面阵中的二维DOA估计算法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术,2016,38(2):251-258 Jiang C, Zhang X F, Zhang L C. Two dimensional DOA estimation algorithm based on cascaded MUSIC in planar array[J]. System Engineering and Electronic Technology, 2016,38(2):251-258
[7] 杨怀平,孙家广. 基于海浪谱的模拟仿真[J]. 系统仿真学报,2002,14(9):1175-1178 Yang H P, Sun J G. The simulation based on ocean wave spectrum[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2002,14(9):1175-1178
[8] 李彦佐. 三维海面与海杂波频谱的数值模拟研究[D]. 上海:复旦大学,2005 Li Y Z. Numerical simulation of three dimensional sea surface and sea clutter spectrum[D]. Shanghai:Fudan University, 2005
[9] 李彦佐,金亚秋. 随机粗糙海面的多路径海杂波频谱数值模拟[J]. 微波学报,2005, 21(4):6-11 Li Y Z, Jin Y Q. Numerical simulation of multipath sea clutter spectrum on randomly rough sea surface[J]. Journal of Microwaves, 2005, 21(4):6-11吴文敬男,1991年生,博士生。主要研究方向:微波固态电路和天线技术等。E-mail: 1344332866@qq.com 官伯然(通信作者) 男,1955年生,教授,博士生导师,中国电子学会高级会员。主要研究方向:天线与微波技术,超导电子技术等。
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