含硫气田开发安全环保主要影响因素及应对措施
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摘要
我国含硫气田大多分布在海相碳酸盐岩地层中,具高温、高压、高产的特点,但由于其含硫化氢,导致在开发过程中存在诸多难题,且在安全环保方面尤为突出。为此,结合四川盆地东北部含硫气田勘探开发情况,有针对性地指出含硫天然气开发的主要安全环保威胁因素,重点对管道腐蚀、地灾破坏、危废处理、人为因素进行了探讨,并提出相应措施。研究认为:(1)修建分子筛脱水装置可把硫化氢与水混合产生的电化学腐蚀和硫化物腐蚀开裂降到最低;(2)站场选址避开地质灾害高发区,可沿等高线修建,其他条件相似的情况下,选择交通便利之地,同时制定地质灾害应急预案,备好应急物资;(3)做好危废物品的处理,特别是硫沉积、废脱硫剂、气田水的处理,降低环境危害性;(4)做好员工培训,提升意识与技能,严格对照操作规程、相关制度开展,最大限度地杜绝人的不安全行为。
In China, numerous sour gasfields with high temperature, pressure, and yield are often discovered in marine carbonate-rock formations.However, during field development, there are a lot of difficulties especially in safety and environmental protection due to H_2S-bearing feature. So,based on the exploration and development of high sour gasfields in northeastern Sichuan Basin, we analyzed main threat to the safety and environmental protection, furthermore discussed some aspects of pipeline corrosion,geological hazard, dangerous goods and waste disposal, and artifacts. Finally many countermeasures were made, including (1) molecular sieve dewatering devices should be equipped with to minimize the cracking of both electrochemical etching produced by H_2S mixing with water and H_2S corrosion;(2)a station should be selected away from some areas with frequent geological hazards whereas built along contours or around certain districts with convenient transportation. Meanwhile, an emergency plan and emergency supplies should be made and prepared;(3) for sulfur deposits, waste desulfurizer, and gasfield water, these dangerous goods and waste disposal should be done well to minimize environmental risk; and (4) staff training should be conducted in order to raise the awareness and skill, and any operation should be strictly compliant with the standard, procedure, and system so as to root unsafe human behavior.
In China, numerous sour gasfields with high temperature, pressure, and yield are often discovered in marine carbonate-rock formations.However, during field development, there are a lot of difficulties especially in safety and environmental protection due to H_2S-bearing feature. So,based on the exploration and development of high sour gasfields in northeastern Sichuan Basin, we analyzed main threat to the safety and environmental protection, furthermore discussed some aspects of pipeline corrosion,geological hazard, dangerous goods and waste disposal, and artifacts. Finally many countermeasures were made, including (1) molecular sieve dewatering devices should be equipped with to minimize the cracking of both electrochemical etching produced by H_2S mixing with water and H_2S corrosion;(2)a station should be selected away from some areas with frequent geological hazards whereas built along contours or around certain districts with convenient transportation. Meanwhile, an emergency plan and emergency supplies should be made and prepared;(3) for sulfur deposits, waste desulfurizer, and gasfield water, these dangerous goods and waste disposal should be done well to minimize environmental risk; and (4) staff training should be conducted in order to raise the awareness and skill, and any operation should be strictly compliant with the standard, procedure, and system so as to root unsafe human behavior.
引文
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[13]胡永碧,谷坛.高含硫气田腐蚀特征及腐蚀控制技术[J].天然气工业,2012,32(12):92-96.
[14]苏民德,俞接成,卫德强.天然气脱水技术探讨[J].北京石油化工学院学报,2015,23(1):10-15.
[2]黄黎明.高含硫气藏安全清洁高效开发技术新进展[J].天然气工业,2015,35(4):1-6.
[3]苏劲,张水昌,朱光有,等.中国含硫气田硫磺资源量与市场策略分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(3):369-377.
[4]黄士鹏,廖凤荣,吴小奇,等.四川盆地含硫化氢气藏分布特征及硫化氢成因探讨[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(5):705-712.
[5]唐永,梅廉夫,肖安成,等.川东北宣汉—达县地区晚中生代—新生代构造应力场转化及其油气意义[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):59-60.
[6]宋德琦.天然气输送与储存工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
[7]何茂华,郭永明,张艳淑,等.高含硫天然气管道腐蚀机理分析[J].化工管理,2014(17):178.
[8]吕明晏,张哲,汪是洋.高含硫气田集输系统元素硫沉积防治措施[J].天然气与石油,2011,29(3):17-20.
[9]辜小花,邱奎,李太福,等.基于大数据的高含硫天然气脱硫工艺优化[J].天然气工业,2016,36(9):107-114.
[10]舒欣,李春光,任家君,等.国内天然气干法脱硫剂的比较研究.广东化工,2010,37(1):89-90.
[11]唐哲,郑超,王维竹.高含硫气田水综合处理工程环境监理重点[J].四川化工,2017,20(2):52-54.
[12]朱虹,潘国政,崔长虹,等.天然气处理站废脱硫剂处置方法[J].天然气技术,2008,2(5):54-56.
[13]胡永碧,谷坛.高含硫气田腐蚀特征及腐蚀控制技术[J].天然气工业,2012,32(12):92-96.
[14]苏民德,俞接成,卫德强.天然气脱水技术探讨[J].北京石油化工学院学报,2015,23(1):10-15.
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