尾矿库溃坝及尾矿泄漏事故树安全评价与预防
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摘要
对尾矿库的危害、安全评价方法以及预防措施进行了系统研究。采用事故树分析方法对某尾矿库进行安全评价,结果表明:引起尾矿库溃坝及尾矿泄漏的途径及原因均是多方面的,二者的途径分别为17种和12种,应在实际生产过程中密切关注这些途径,努力排查,加强预控;针对尾矿库可能出现的不同情况制定出科学合理的应对措施,加强事前预控,可减少尾矿库溃坝及尾矿泄漏事故。
The hazards, safety evaluation methods and preventive measures of tailings reservoir were systematically studied. The fault tree analysis( FTA) of a tailings reservoir was performed. The results showed that the ways and causes of the tailings reservoir failure and tailings leakage were various, with 17 and 12 ways, respectively. Close attention should be paid to these ways in the actual production process and great efforts made to investigate them and strengthen the pre-control. According to the different conditions that may appear in tailings reservoir, scientific and reasonable countermeasures should be put forward, and pre-control strengthened, which could greatly reduce the losses caused by tailings reservoir dam failure and tailings reservoir leakage.
The hazards, safety evaluation methods and preventive measures of tailings reservoir were systematically studied. The fault tree analysis( FTA) of a tailings reservoir was performed. The results showed that the ways and causes of the tailings reservoir failure and tailings leakage were various, with 17 and 12 ways, respectively. Close attention should be paid to these ways in the actual production process and great efforts made to investigate them and strengthen the pre-control. According to the different conditions that may appear in tailings reservoir, scientific and reasonable countermeasures should be put forward, and pre-control strengthened, which could greatly reduce the losses caused by tailings reservoir dam failure and tailings reservoir leakage.
引文
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[2]高振兴,赵江平,郭进平,等.基于突变理论的尾矿库安全评价[J].金属矿山,2009,38(12):121-125.GAO Z X,ZHAO J P,GUO J P,et al.Tailings safety assessment based on mutation theory[J].Journal of Metal Mine,2009,38(12):121-125.
[3]董龙洋,周宇,徐文强,等.基于证据理论的尾矿库安全评价[J].安全与环境工程,2012,19(4):74-77.DONG L Y,ZHOU Y,XU W Q,et al.Dam safety evaluation based on evidence theory[J].Journal of Safety and Environmental Engineering,2012,19(4):74-77.
[4]王喜梅,陈建宏,杨珊.基于粒计算的尾矿库安全评价不确定性研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2018,14(1):42-48.WANG X M,CHEN J H,YANG S.Uncertainty study on safety evaluation of tailings bank based on particle calculation[J].Science and Technology for Safe Production,2018,14(1):42-48.
[5]李二平,侯嵩,孙胜杰,等.水质风险评价在跨界水污染预警体系中的应用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2010,42(6):963-966.LI E P,HOU S,SUN S J,et al.Water quality risk assessment in the application of transboundary water pollution early warning system[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2010,42(6):963-966.
[6]方雪娟,丁镭,张志.大冶陈贵镇小型尾矿库分布特征及其环境影响分析[J].国土资源遥感,2013,25(1):155-159.FANG X J,DING L,ZHANG Z.Daye Chengui Town small tailings distribution characteristics and environmental impact analysis[J].Journal of Land and Resources Remote Sensing,2013,25(1):155-159.
[7]许大纯.国外矿产资源储备的立法例和主要法律制度及其对我国矿产资源储备立法的启示[J].资源与产业,2001,3(7):35-38.XU D C.The legislative cases of foreign mineral resources reserves and the main legal system and its enlightenment to our country mineral resources reserve legislation[J].Resource&Industry,20013,(7):35-38.
[8]肖家乐.煤炭开采对矿区环境的影响及保护对策探析[J].环境与发展,2017,29(3):55-56.XIAO J L.The impact of coal mining on mining environment and protection countermeasures[J].Environment and Development,2017,29(3):55-56.
[9]刘海明,曹净,杨春和.国内外尾矿坝事故致灾因素分析[J].金属矿山,2013,42(2):126-129.LIU H M,CAO J,YANG C H.Factors at home and abroad tailings dam accident analysis[J].Journal of Metal Mine,2013,42(2):126-129.
[10]国家安全监管总局,国家发展和改革委员会,工业和信息化部,等.国家安全监管总局等七部门关于印发全国尾矿库综合治理行动2014年工作总结和2015年重点工作安排的通知[A/OL].(2015-07-17)[2018-07-12].http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn.
[11]魏勇,许开立,郑欣.尾矿坝的失事[J].工业安全与环保,2009(5):32-33.WEI Y,XU K L,ZHENG X.Crash of tailings dam[J].Journal of Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2009(5):32-33.
[12]山西襄汾发生特别重大溃坝事故[J].中国应急管理,2008(10):14.
[13]姜丽新,徐秀茹.尾矿库对周边环境的影响及废弃地再利用[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2011(增刊1):8-10.JIANG L X,XU X R.Tailings recycling of the influence of the surrounding environment and lands[J].Journal of Liaoning Engineering Technology University(Natural Science Edition),2011(Suppl 1):8-10.
[14]肖建勇.海洋平台安全风险分析方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2003.
[15]赵刚.火电厂锅炉炉膛灭火放炮事故树分析[J].环境科学与技术,2004(增刊1):60-62.ZHAO G.Coal-fired power plant boiler furnace fire shooting accident tree analysis[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,2004(Suppl 1):60-62.
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