以膜分离为主的物化法对城市污水中污染因子的去除特性分析
|
摘要
利用高效液相色谱法、三维荧光光谱法分析,考察以膜分离为主的物化处理方式对城市污水中各污染因子的去除特性,尤其对溶解性有机物的富集特性.结果表明,经以膜分离为主的物化方式处理后的城市生活污水属于低碳氮比废水;微絮凝过滤主要富集的是原水中非溶解性有机物和相对分子质量大于30 000的芳香类蛋白物质,富集程度在60. 93%,尤其是类酪氨酸和类色氨酸; 0. 45μm和0. 22μm醋酸纤维膜能将相对分子质量大于30 000的溶解性有机物全部富集,但是微滤膜对有机物的富集没有选择性;纳滤主要对城市污水中的富里酸类物质和腐殖酸类物质有很好富集效果,富集程度分别为52. 01%和53. 57%,溶解性有机物的总体富集程度在42%左右.
The removal characteristics of various pollution factors in municipal wastewater by membrane-based physical and chemical treatment,especially the enrichment characteristics of dissolved organic matter, were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that the municipal wastewater had a low COD/TN ratio after the treatment. The micro-flocculation filtration mainly enriched the non-dissolvable organic matter in the raw water and aromatic protein substances with relative molecular mass greater than 30 000. The enrichment degree was up to 60. 93%,especially for tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like substances. The dissolved organic matter( DOM) with a molecular weight greater than 30 000 was enriched fully by 0. 45 μm and 0. 22 μm acetate membranes,but the microfiltration membrane was not selective for the enrichment of organic matter. Thus,NF mainly enriched the fulvic acid and humic acid in urban sewage. The enrichment degree was 52. 01% and53. 57%,respectively,and the total enrichment degree of dissolved organic matter was about 42%.
The removal characteristics of various pollution factors in municipal wastewater by membrane-based physical and chemical treatment,especially the enrichment characteristics of dissolved organic matter, were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that the municipal wastewater had a low COD/TN ratio after the treatment. The micro-flocculation filtration mainly enriched the non-dissolvable organic matter in the raw water and aromatic protein substances with relative molecular mass greater than 30 000. The enrichment degree was up to 60. 93%,especially for tyrosine-like and tryptophan-like substances. The dissolved organic matter( DOM) with a molecular weight greater than 30 000 was enriched fully by 0. 45 μm and 0. 22 μm acetate membranes,but the microfiltration membrane was not selective for the enrichment of organic matter. Thus,NF mainly enriched the fulvic acid and humic acid in urban sewage. The enrichment degree was 52. 01% and53. 57%,respectively,and the total enrichment degree of dissolved organic matter was about 42%.
引文
[1]郝晓地,金铭,胡沅胜.荷兰未来污水处理新框架---NEWs及其实践[J].中国给水排水,2014,30(20):7-15.Hao X D,Jin M,Hu Y S.Framework of future wastewater treatment in the Netherlands:NEWs and their practices[J].China Water&Wastewater,2014,30(20):7-15.
[2]Mansell B L.Side-stream treatment of anaerobic digester filtrate by anaerobic ammonia oxidation[D].Salt Lake City:University of Utah,2011.
[3]Ho J S,Sim L N,Webster R D,et al.Monitoring fouling behavior of reverse osmosis membranes using electrical impedance spectroscopy:a field trial study[J].Desalination,2017,407:75-84.
[4]Ancell M,Ebbs N,Cowden S,et al.El paso water utilities'frontera lift station super oxygenation system for odor treatment[J].Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation,2015.1-16.
[5]李海宇,宋卫锋.膜处理技术在废酸回收中的应用[J].膜科学与技术,2016,36(3):136-141.Li H Y,Song W F.Application of membrane in the treatment of acid recovery[J].Membrane Science and Technology,2016,36(3):136-141.
[6]郭海林,周宇松,李亮,等.MBR+反渗透双膜法处理印染废水及其回用工程实例[J].水处理技术,2016,42(3):132-135.Guo H L,Zhou Y S,Li L,et al.Application of membrane bioreactor and reverse osmosis in dyeing and finishing wastewater treatment and its reuse project[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2016,42(3):132-135.
[7]Petrinic I,Korenak J,Povodnik D,et al.A feasibility study of ultrafiltration/reverse osmosis(UF/RO)-based wastewater treatment and reuse in the metal finishing industry[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,101:292-300.
[8]Dolar D,Ko2utic'K,Strmecky T.Hybrid processes for treatment of landfill leachate:coagulation/UF/NF-RO and adsorption/UF/NF-RO[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2016,168:39-46.
[9]李昆,王健行,魏源送.纳滤在水处理与回用中的应用现状与展望[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(8):2714-2729.Li K,Wang J X,Wei Y S.Application of nanofiltration in water treatment and water reclamation:current status and future aspects[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(8):2714-2729.
[10]Pimple S,Karikkat S,Devanna M,et al.Comparison of MBR/RO and UF/RO hybrid systems for the treatment of coke-oven effluents[J].Desalination and Water Treatment,2016,57(7):3002-3010.
[11]Sun X F,Wang C W,Li Y B,et al.Treatment of phenolic wastewater by combined UF and NF/RO processes[J].Desalination,2015,355:68-74.
[12]Racar M,Dolar D,pehar A,et al.Application of UF/NF/ROmembranes for treatment and reuse of rendering plant wastewater[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2017,105:386-392.
[13]徐天凯,彭党聪,徐涛,等.城市污水处理厂A2/O工艺污泥膨胀与上浮的诊断[J].中国给水排水,2016,32(23):31-35.
[14]端正花,潘留明,陈晓欧,等.低温下活性污泥膨胀的微生物群落结构研究[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):1070-1074.Duan Z H,Pan L M,Chen X O,et al.Changes of microbial community structure in activated sludge bulking at low temperature[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(3):1070-1074.
[15]金鹏康,石彦丽,任武昂.城市污水处理过程中溶解性有机物转化特性[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(1):1-6.Jin P K,Shi Y L,Ren W A.Transformation characteristics of dissolved organic matter in process of wastewater treatment[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(1):1-6.
[16]王旭东,刘佩,王磊,等.城市污水二级出水中溶解性有机物特性分析[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(6):2186-2190.Wang X D,Liu P,Wang L,et al.Analysis characteristics of dissolved organic matters in the secondary effluent of municipal wastewater[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(6):2186-2190.
[17]岳兰秀,吴丰昌,陈文龙.贵州百花湖水中溶解有机质的分子量分布随深度的变化规律[J].环境科学与管理,2008,33(5):66-70.Yue L X,Wu F C,Chen W L.Changes in molecular weight distribution of dissolved organic matter with depth in lake Baihua[J].Environmental Science and Management,2008,33(5):66-70.
[18]Hambly A C,Arvin E,Pedersen L F,et al.Characterising organic matter in recirculating aquaculture systems with fluorescence EEM spectroscopy[J].Water Research,2015,83:112-120.
[19]Yang L Y,Han D H,Lee B M,et al.Characterizing treated wastewaters of different industries using clustered fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC and FT-IR spectroscopy:implications for downstream impact and source identification[J].Chemosphere,2015,127:222-228.
[20]李海波,孙晨,刘晓玲,等.三维荧光光谱解析城市污水有机物的去除特征[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(8):2371-2379.Li H B,Sun C,Liu X L,et al.Assessing organic matter removal from municipal wastewater by excitation-emission matrix fluorescence[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(8):2371-2379.
[21]范军辉,郝瑞霞,Liu L,等.SCSC-S/Fe复合系统脱氮除磷途径及微生物群落特性[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(4):1358-1365.Fan J H,Hao R X,Liu L,et al.Way of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and microbial community characteristics for SCSC-S/Fe[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(4):1358-1365.
[22]刘祥,何成达,刘雯,等.原水碳源分子量分布及DPB效能对酸化时间的响应[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(3):797-803.Liu X,He C D,Liu W,et al.Responses of the molecular weight distribution of raw water carbon source and DPB function to acidification time[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(3):797-803.
[23]Rudenko A,Drainville M,Boule A,et al.Energy recovery using raw wastewater-Barnstable pilot project[J].Journal of New England Water Environment Association,2016,50(3):34-40.
[24]Drewes J E,Quanrud D M,Amy G L,et al.Character of organic matter in soil-aquifer treatment systems[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2006,132(11):1447-1458.
[25]Jin P K,Jin X,Bjerkelund V A,et al.A study on the reactivity characteristics of dissolved effluent organic matter(EfOM)from municipal wastewater treatment plant during ozonation[J].Water Research,2016,88:643-652.
[26]尹子华,盛晓琳,刘锐,等.多级A/O工艺强化处理城市污水的效果研究[J].环境科学,2016,37(9):3460-3465.Yin Z H,Sheng X L,Liu R,et al.Enhanced pollutants removal in a municipal wastewater treatment plant with multistage A/Oprocess[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(9):3460-3465.
[27]Chen W,Westerhoff P,Leenheer J A,et al.Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(24):5701-5710.
[28]Baghoth S A,Sharma S K,Amy G L.Tracking natural organic matter(NOM)in a drinking water treatment plant using fluorescence excitation-emission matrices and PARAFAC[J].Water Research,2011,45(2):797-809.
[29]Sun Y Y,Wang Y,Xue N,et al.The effect of DOM on floc formation and membrane fouling in coagulation/ultrafiltration process for treating Ti O2nanoparticles in various aquatic media[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,316:429-437.
[30]姚璐璐,涂响,于会彬,等.三维荧光区域积分评估城市污水中溶解性有机物去除[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(2):411-416.Yao L L,Tu X,Yu H B,et al.Evaluation of dissolved organic matter removal in municipal wastewater based on fluorescence regional integration[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,7(2):411-416.
[31]Sgroi M,Roccaro P,Korshin G V,et al.Use of fluorescence EEM to monitor the removal of emerging contaminants in full scale wastewater treatment plants[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,323:367-376.
[32]何小松,席北斗,张鹏,等.地下水中溶解性有机物的季节变化特征及成因[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(3):862-870.He X S,Xi B D,Zhang P,et al.The seasonal distribution characteristics and its reasons of dissolved organic matter in groundwater[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(3):862-870.
[33]Yu H B,Song Y H,Tu X,et al.Assessing removal efficiency of dissolved organic matter in wastewater treatment using fluorescence excitation emission matrices with parallel factor analysis and second derivative synchronous fluorescence[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,144:595-601.
[34]杨毅,杨霞霞,马新培,等.pH对城市污水二级出水中溶解性有机物的荷电、聚集与光谱特性的影响[J].环境化学,2015,34(10):1804-1808.Yang Y,Yang X X,Ma X P,et al.Effect of pH on the charge aggregation and spectral characteristics of DOM in secondary effluent of municipal wastewater[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(10):1804-1808.
[2]Mansell B L.Side-stream treatment of anaerobic digester filtrate by anaerobic ammonia oxidation[D].Salt Lake City:University of Utah,2011.
[3]Ho J S,Sim L N,Webster R D,et al.Monitoring fouling behavior of reverse osmosis membranes using electrical impedance spectroscopy:a field trial study[J].Desalination,2017,407:75-84.
[4]Ancell M,Ebbs N,Cowden S,et al.El paso water utilities'frontera lift station super oxygenation system for odor treatment[J].Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation,2015.1-16.
[5]李海宇,宋卫锋.膜处理技术在废酸回收中的应用[J].膜科学与技术,2016,36(3):136-141.Li H Y,Song W F.Application of membrane in the treatment of acid recovery[J].Membrane Science and Technology,2016,36(3):136-141.
[6]郭海林,周宇松,李亮,等.MBR+反渗透双膜法处理印染废水及其回用工程实例[J].水处理技术,2016,42(3):132-135.Guo H L,Zhou Y S,Li L,et al.Application of membrane bioreactor and reverse osmosis in dyeing and finishing wastewater treatment and its reuse project[J].Technology of Water Treatment,2016,42(3):132-135.
[7]Petrinic I,Korenak J,Povodnik D,et al.A feasibility study of ultrafiltration/reverse osmosis(UF/RO)-based wastewater treatment and reuse in the metal finishing industry[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2015,101:292-300.
[8]Dolar D,Ko2utic'K,Strmecky T.Hybrid processes for treatment of landfill leachate:coagulation/UF/NF-RO and adsorption/UF/NF-RO[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2016,168:39-46.
[9]李昆,王健行,魏源送.纳滤在水处理与回用中的应用现状与展望[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(8):2714-2729.Li K,Wang J X,Wei Y S.Application of nanofiltration in water treatment and water reclamation:current status and future aspects[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(8):2714-2729.
[10]Pimple S,Karikkat S,Devanna M,et al.Comparison of MBR/RO and UF/RO hybrid systems for the treatment of coke-oven effluents[J].Desalination and Water Treatment,2016,57(7):3002-3010.
[11]Sun X F,Wang C W,Li Y B,et al.Treatment of phenolic wastewater by combined UF and NF/RO processes[J].Desalination,2015,355:68-74.
[12]Racar M,Dolar D,pehar A,et al.Application of UF/NF/ROmembranes for treatment and reuse of rendering plant wastewater[J].Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2017,105:386-392.
[13]徐天凯,彭党聪,徐涛,等.城市污水处理厂A2/O工艺污泥膨胀与上浮的诊断[J].中国给水排水,2016,32(23):31-35.
[14]端正花,潘留明,陈晓欧,等.低温下活性污泥膨胀的微生物群落结构研究[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):1070-1074.Duan Z H,Pan L M,Chen X O,et al.Changes of microbial community structure in activated sludge bulking at low temperature[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(3):1070-1074.
[15]金鹏康,石彦丽,任武昂.城市污水处理过程中溶解性有机物转化特性[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(1):1-6.Jin P K,Shi Y L,Ren W A.Transformation characteristics of dissolved organic matter in process of wastewater treatment[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(1):1-6.
[16]王旭东,刘佩,王磊,等.城市污水二级出水中溶解性有机物特性分析[J].环境工程学报,2014,8(6):2186-2190.Wang X D,Liu P,Wang L,et al.Analysis characteristics of dissolved organic matters in the secondary effluent of municipal wastewater[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2014,8(6):2186-2190.
[17]岳兰秀,吴丰昌,陈文龙.贵州百花湖水中溶解有机质的分子量分布随深度的变化规律[J].环境科学与管理,2008,33(5):66-70.Yue L X,Wu F C,Chen W L.Changes in molecular weight distribution of dissolved organic matter with depth in lake Baihua[J].Environmental Science and Management,2008,33(5):66-70.
[18]Hambly A C,Arvin E,Pedersen L F,et al.Characterising organic matter in recirculating aquaculture systems with fluorescence EEM spectroscopy[J].Water Research,2015,83:112-120.
[19]Yang L Y,Han D H,Lee B M,et al.Characterizing treated wastewaters of different industries using clustered fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC and FT-IR spectroscopy:implications for downstream impact and source identification[J].Chemosphere,2015,127:222-228.
[20]李海波,孙晨,刘晓玲,等.三维荧光光谱解析城市污水有机物的去除特征[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(8):2371-2379.Li H B,Sun C,Liu X L,et al.Assessing organic matter removal from municipal wastewater by excitation-emission matrix fluorescence[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(8):2371-2379.
[21]范军辉,郝瑞霞,Liu L,等.SCSC-S/Fe复合系统脱氮除磷途径及微生物群落特性[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(4):1358-1365.Fan J H,Hao R X,Liu L,et al.Way of nitrogen and phosphorus removal and microbial community characteristics for SCSC-S/Fe[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(4):1358-1365.
[22]刘祥,何成达,刘雯,等.原水碳源分子量分布及DPB效能对酸化时间的响应[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(3):797-803.Liu X,He C D,Liu W,et al.Responses of the molecular weight distribution of raw water carbon source and DPB function to acidification time[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(3):797-803.
[23]Rudenko A,Drainville M,Boule A,et al.Energy recovery using raw wastewater-Barnstable pilot project[J].Journal of New England Water Environment Association,2016,50(3):34-40.
[24]Drewes J E,Quanrud D M,Amy G L,et al.Character of organic matter in soil-aquifer treatment systems[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2006,132(11):1447-1458.
[25]Jin P K,Jin X,Bjerkelund V A,et al.A study on the reactivity characteristics of dissolved effluent organic matter(EfOM)from municipal wastewater treatment plant during ozonation[J].Water Research,2016,88:643-652.
[26]尹子华,盛晓琳,刘锐,等.多级A/O工艺强化处理城市污水的效果研究[J].环境科学,2016,37(9):3460-3465.Yin Z H,Sheng X L,Liu R,et al.Enhanced pollutants removal in a municipal wastewater treatment plant with multistage A/Oprocess[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(9):3460-3465.
[27]Chen W,Westerhoff P,Leenheer J A,et al.Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(24):5701-5710.
[28]Baghoth S A,Sharma S K,Amy G L.Tracking natural organic matter(NOM)in a drinking water treatment plant using fluorescence excitation-emission matrices and PARAFAC[J].Water Research,2011,45(2):797-809.
[29]Sun Y Y,Wang Y,Xue N,et al.The effect of DOM on floc formation and membrane fouling in coagulation/ultrafiltration process for treating Ti O2nanoparticles in various aquatic media[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,316:429-437.
[30]姚璐璐,涂响,于会彬,等.三维荧光区域积分评估城市污水中溶解性有机物去除[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(2):411-416.Yao L L,Tu X,Yu H B,et al.Evaluation of dissolved organic matter removal in municipal wastewater based on fluorescence regional integration[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,7(2):411-416.
[31]Sgroi M,Roccaro P,Korshin G V,et al.Use of fluorescence EEM to monitor the removal of emerging contaminants in full scale wastewater treatment plants[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,323:367-376.
[32]何小松,席北斗,张鹏,等.地下水中溶解性有机物的季节变化特征及成因[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(3):862-870.He X S,Xi B D,Zhang P,et al.The seasonal distribution characteristics and its reasons of dissolved organic matter in groundwater[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(3):862-870.
[33]Yu H B,Song Y H,Tu X,et al.Assessing removal efficiency of dissolved organic matter in wastewater treatment using fluorescence excitation emission matrices with parallel factor analysis and second derivative synchronous fluorescence[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,144:595-601.
[34]杨毅,杨霞霞,马新培,等.pH对城市污水二级出水中溶解性有机物的荷电、聚集与光谱特性的影响[J].环境化学,2015,34(10):1804-1808.Yang Y,Yang X X,Ma X P,et al.Effect of pH on the charge aggregation and spectral characteristics of DOM in secondary effluent of municipal wastewater[J].Environmental Chemistry,2015,34(10):1804-1808.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |