矿井水灾感知与水源判定方法研究
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摘要
在分析水质监测法、涌水量监测法、水温监测法、气温监测法、湿度监测法、水位监测法、电阻率监测法、应力监测法、微震监测法、水文钻孔法等矿井水灾感知方法原理和特点的基础上,提出了基于图像监测的矿井水灾感知方法和基于图像的大数据矿井水灾感知与水源判定方法,得出以下结论:(1)水质监测法不但可感知矿井水灾,还可判定引发水灾的水源,该方法感知地表水和老空水引发的矿井水灾准确率较高。(2)基于时间的涌水量监测法具有准确率高的优点,但部署复杂、实时性差;基于流速的涌水量监测法具有操作简单、实时性好等优点,但测量误差较大。(3)水温监测法不但可感知矿井水灾,还可判定引发水灾的水源,但不适用于矿井水灾水源温度与正常矿井涌水温度差异较小的水灾感知。(4)气温监测法具有简单、方便等优点,但受煤炭自燃等矿井火灾、瓦斯与煤尘爆炸、地面气温、矿井通风量、井下设备开停、井下作业人员数量等影响,不适用于矿井水灾水源温度与正常矿井涌水温度差异较小的水灾感知。(5)湿度监测法具有简单、方便等优点,但受地面空气湿度和温度、矿井通风量、煤炭自燃等矿井火灾等影响。(6)通过水位监测法可及时掌握地表水和地下水水源变化,但需探明老空水位置等。(7)电阻率监测法具有响应快、灵敏度高等优点,但准确率受采掘环境影响大,电极布置困难。(8)应力监测法和微震监测法具有实时性好的优点,但受煤与瓦斯突出、冲击地压等影响,需与其他矿井水灾感知方法配合使用。(9)水文钻孔法具有信息量大的优点,但需与其他矿井水灾感知方法配合使用。(10)基于图像监测的矿井水灾感知方法具有非接触、实时快速、监测范围广、部署与安装简单、成本低、使用维护方便等优点。(11)基于图像的大数据矿井水灾感知与水源判定方法同时监测矿井水、导水通道和水源,不但可感知矿井水灾,还可判定引发水灾的水源,具有可靠性高的优点。
Based on analysis of principle and characteristics of mine flood perception methods such as water quality monitoring method,water inflow monitoring method,water temperature monitoringmethod,temperature monitoring method,humidity monitoring method,water level monitoring method,resistivity monitoring method, stress monitoring method, microseismic monitoring method and hydrological drilling method,mine flood perception method based on image monitoring and image-based big data mine flood perception and water source determination method were proposed.Conclusions were got as following:(1) The water quality monitoring method can not only perceive flood,but also determine water source that causes flood,which has high perception accuracy of mine flood caused by surface water and goaf water.(2) Time-based water inflow monitoring method has high accuracy,but complex deployment and poor real-time performance.The water inflow monitoring method based on flow velocity has advantages of simple operation and good real-time performance,but large measurement error.(3) The water temperature monitoring method can not only perceive mine flood,but also determine water source that causes flood,but it is not applicable to the flood perception that difference between mine flood water source temperature and normal mine water inflow temperature is small.(4) The temperature monitoring method has advantages of simplicity and convenience,but it is affected by mine fire such as coal spontaneous combustion,explosion of gas and coal dust,surface air temperature,mine ventilation quantity,underground equipments starting and stopping,and number of underground workers.The temperature monitoring method is not applicable to the flood perception that difference between mine flood water source temperature and normal mine water inflow temperature is small.(5) The humidity monitoring method has advantages of simplicity and convenience,but it is affected by humidity and temperature of surface air,mine ventilation quantity,and mine fire such as coal spontaneous combustion.(6) Change of surface water and groundwater source can be timely grasped by the water level monitoring method,but location of goaf water needs to be proved.(7) The resistivity monitoring method has advantages of fast response and high sensitivity,but accuracy is greatly affected by mining environment,and electrode arrangement is difficult.(8) The stress monitoring method and the microseismic monitoring method have advantages of good real-time performance,but due to impact of coal and gas outburst and rock burst pressure,the methods need to be used together with other mine flood perception methods.(9) The hydrological drilling method has advantage of large amount of information,but it needs to be used together with other mine flood perception methods.(10) The mine flood perception method based on image monitoring has advantages of non-contact,real-time and rapid,wide monitoring range,simple deployment and installation,low cost and convenient use and maintenance.(11) Image-based big data mine flood perception and water source determination method simultaneously monitors mine water,water conducted channel and water source,which can not only perceive mine flood,but also determine water source that causes flood,and has advantage of high reliability.
Based on analysis of principle and characteristics of mine flood perception methods such as water quality monitoring method,water inflow monitoring method,water temperature monitoringmethod,temperature monitoring method,humidity monitoring method,water level monitoring method,resistivity monitoring method, stress monitoring method, microseismic monitoring method and hydrological drilling method,mine flood perception method based on image monitoring and image-based big data mine flood perception and water source determination method were proposed.Conclusions were got as following:(1) The water quality monitoring method can not only perceive flood,but also determine water source that causes flood,which has high perception accuracy of mine flood caused by surface water and goaf water.(2) Time-based water inflow monitoring method has high accuracy,but complex deployment and poor real-time performance.The water inflow monitoring method based on flow velocity has advantages of simple operation and good real-time performance,but large measurement error.(3) The water temperature monitoring method can not only perceive mine flood,but also determine water source that causes flood,but it is not applicable to the flood perception that difference between mine flood water source temperature and normal mine water inflow temperature is small.(4) The temperature monitoring method has advantages of simplicity and convenience,but it is affected by mine fire such as coal spontaneous combustion,explosion of gas and coal dust,surface air temperature,mine ventilation quantity,underground equipments starting and stopping,and number of underground workers.The temperature monitoring method is not applicable to the flood perception that difference between mine flood water source temperature and normal mine water inflow temperature is small.(5) The humidity monitoring method has advantages of simplicity and convenience,but it is affected by humidity and temperature of surface air,mine ventilation quantity,and mine fire such as coal spontaneous combustion.(6) Change of surface water and groundwater source can be timely grasped by the water level monitoring method,but location of goaf water needs to be proved.(7) The resistivity monitoring method has advantages of fast response and high sensitivity,but accuracy is greatly affected by mining environment,and electrode arrangement is difficult.(8) The stress monitoring method and the microseismic monitoring method have advantages of good real-time performance,but due to impact of coal and gas outburst and rock burst pressure,the methods need to be used together with other mine flood perception methods.(9) The hydrological drilling method has advantage of large amount of information,but it needs to be used together with other mine flood perception methods.(10) The mine flood perception method based on image monitoring has advantages of non-contact,real-time and rapid,wide monitoring range,simple deployment and installation,low cost and convenient use and maintenance.(11) Image-based big data mine flood perception and water source determination method simultaneously monitors mine water,water conducted channel and water source,which can not only perceive mine flood,but also determine water source that causes flood,and has advantage of high reliability.
引文
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[10]马雷,钱家忠,赵卫东.基于GIS和水质水温的矿井突水水源快速判别[J].煤田地质与勘探,2014,42(2):49-53.MA Lei,QIAN Jiazhong,ZHAO Weidong.An approach for quickly identifying water-inrush source of mine based on GIS and groundwater chemistry and temperature[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2014,42(2):49-53.
[11]刘飞.高密度电阻率法正反演数值模拟研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012.
[12]刘斌,李术才,聂利超,等.矿井突水灾变过程电阻率约束反演成像实时监测模拟研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(10):1722-1731.LIU Bin,LI Shucai,NIE Lichao,et al.Research on simulation of mine water inrush real-time monitoring of using electrical resistivity constrained inversion imaging method[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(10):1722-1731.
[13]鲁晶津.煤矿井下含/导水构造三维电阻率反演成像技术[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(3):687-695.LU Jingjin.3D electrical resistivity inversion and imaging technology for coal mine water-containing/water-conductive structures[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(3):687-695.
[14]孙建,王连国.基于微震信号突变分析的底板断层突水预测[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(8):1404-1410.SUN Jian,WANG Lianguo.Floor fault water-inrush prediction based on catastrophe analysis of microseismic signals[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(8):1404-1410.
[15]李楠,王恩元,GE Maochen.微震监测技术及其在煤矿的应用现状与展望[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(增刊1):83-96.LI Nan,WANG Enyuan,GE Maochen.Microseismic monitoring technique and its applications at coal mines:present status and future prospects[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(S1):83-96.
[16]王斌.中国地质钻孔数据库建设及其在地质矿产勘查中的应用[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2018.
[2]孙继平,钱晓红.2004-2015年全国煤矿事故分析[J].工矿自动化,2016,42(11):1-5.SUN Jiping,QIAN Xiaohong.Analysis of coal mine accidents in China during 2004-2015[J].Industry and Mine Automation,2016,42(11):1-5.
[3]孙继平,钱晓红.煤矿事故与应急救援技术装备[J].工矿自动化,2016,42(10):1-5.SUN Jiping,QIAN Xiaohong.Coal mine accident and emergency rescue technology and equipment[J].Industry and Mine Automation,2016,42(10):1-5.
[4]孙继平.煤矿安全生产理念研究[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(2):313-316.SUN Jiping.Research on coal-mine safe production conception[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(2):313-316.
[5]孙继平,钱晓红.煤矿重特大事故应急救援技术及装备[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(1):112-116.SUN Jiping,QIAN Xiaohong.Emergency rescue technology and equipment of mine extraordinary accidents[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(1):112-116.
[6]孙继平.煤矿信息化自动化新技术与发展[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(1):19-23.SUN Jiping.New technology and development of mine informatization and automation[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(1):19-23.
[7]武强,赵苏启,董书宁,等.煤矿防治水手册[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2013.
[8]周健,史秀志,王怀勇.矿井突水水源识别的距离判别分析模型[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(2):278-282.ZHOU Jian,SHI Xiuzhi,WANG Huaiyong.Waterbursting source determination of mine based on distance discriminant analysis model[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(2):278-282.
[9]朱雷.矿井涌水量观测的几种简单方法[J].煤炭技术,2007,26(1):86-87.ZHU Lei.Several simple methods of observing quantity of water gush[J].Coal Technology,2007,26(1):86-87.
[10]马雷,钱家忠,赵卫东.基于GIS和水质水温的矿井突水水源快速判别[J].煤田地质与勘探,2014,42(2):49-53.MA Lei,QIAN Jiazhong,ZHAO Weidong.An approach for quickly identifying water-inrush source of mine based on GIS and groundwater chemistry and temperature[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2014,42(2):49-53.
[11]刘飞.高密度电阻率法正反演数值模拟研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012.
[12]刘斌,李术才,聂利超,等.矿井突水灾变过程电阻率约束反演成像实时监测模拟研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(10):1722-1731.LIU Bin,LI Shucai,NIE Lichao,et al.Research on simulation of mine water inrush real-time monitoring of using electrical resistivity constrained inversion imaging method[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(10):1722-1731.
[13]鲁晶津.煤矿井下含/导水构造三维电阻率反演成像技术[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(3):687-695.LU Jingjin.3D electrical resistivity inversion and imaging technology for coal mine water-containing/water-conductive structures[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(3):687-695.
[14]孙建,王连国.基于微震信号突变分析的底板断层突水预测[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(8):1404-1410.SUN Jian,WANG Lianguo.Floor fault water-inrush prediction based on catastrophe analysis of microseismic signals[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(8):1404-1410.
[15]李楠,王恩元,GE Maochen.微震监测技术及其在煤矿的应用现状与展望[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(增刊1):83-96.LI Nan,WANG Enyuan,GE Maochen.Microseismic monitoring technique and its applications at coal mines:present status and future prospects[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(S1):83-96.
[16]王斌.中国地质钻孔数据库建设及其在地质矿产勘查中的应用[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2018.
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