草型生态系统构建技术在南湖富营养化防治中的应用
|
摘要
水体富营养化是一个全球性的问题,生态修复是富营养化治理的主要途径之一。为了探索南宁市青秀区南湖富营养化水体治理的方法及途径,观测生态系统演变过程中水质的变化情况,利用帆布及脚手架等材料在上湖区域搭建约670 m~2、水深1.6～2.0 m的围隔试验区。清除实验区内鱼类以减少对水体的搅动,投放EM菌种增加透明度,然后种植苦草(Vallisneria natans),待沉水植物生长良好后再投放鲮(Cirrhinus molitorella)、环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)、河蚌(Anodonta)等水生动物,建立新的生态系统;苦草种植密度为1.4 kg/m~2,鲮、环棱螺、河蚌的投放密度分别为6 g/m~2、10 g/m~2、1 g/m~2。结果显示,新的生态系统经过5个月构建完成并趋于稳定,试验水体水质从原来的地表Ⅴ类水提高至Ⅳ类(GB 3838-2002);透明度从0.25 m上升并稳定在1.8 m,透明度增加了6.2倍;高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))从8.8 mg/L下降至2.6 mg/L,整体下降了70%;总磷(TP)从0.10 mg/L下降至0.04 mg/L,减少了60%;总氮(TN)从1.37 mg/L下降至1.17 mg/L,下降了14.5%;叶绿素a(Chl-a)从51 mg/m~3下降至4.6 mg/m~3,下降了91.1%。与整个湖区相比,试验区透明度提高了3倍以上,高锰酸盐指数降了3.7%,总磷降低了63.6%,总氮减少了4%;叶绿素a减少了89.4%。试验表明,生态修复技术能够有效控制总磷,抑制藻类生长,显著提高透明度,对富营养化水体具有很好的改善作用,可以在南湖大面积推广和实施。
Eutrophication is a global problem and ecological restoration is a primary means for managing eutrophication. Nanhu Lake is located in the core area of Nanning City, Guangxi Province. From August 2013 to February 2014, our research team conducted an ecological restoration experiment in Nanhu Lake to explore methods for treating eutrophication and the feasibility of ecological restoration in Nanhu Lake. An enclosed experimental area was set up using canvas and scaffolding in the upper lake with the area of 670 m~2 and water depth of 1.6-2.0 m. Herbivorous and omnivorous fish in the enclosure were removed to reduce mixing and EM strains were used to increase transparency. The macrophyte, Vallisneria natans, was then planted at a density of 1.4 kg/m~2. After vegetation coverage reached 90%, aquatic organisms, such as Cirrhinus molitorella, Bellamya aeruginosa and Anodonta were added at densities of 6 g/m~2,10 g/m~2 and 1 g/m~2, respectively. Water quality was monitored during the experiment; water depth and temperature, air temperature and transparency of the test area and open area of Nanhu Lake were measured daily and TP, TN, COD_(Mn) and Chl-a were measured monthly in the test area and open area of Nanhu Lake. After 5 months, the newly constructed ecosystem was completed and stabilized and water quality in the test area increased from GradeⅤto Grade Ⅳ(GB 3838-2002). Transparency increased from 0.25 m to 1.8 m; COD_(Mn) decreased by 70%, from 8.8 mg/L to 2.6 mg/L; TP decreased by 60%, from 0.10 mg/L to 0.04 mg/L; TN decreased by 14.5%, from 1.37 mg/L to 1.17 mg/L and Chl-a decreased by 91.1%, from 51 mg/m~3 to 4.6 mg/m~3. Compared to the whole lake, transparency in the test area was >3 times higher, COD_(Mn) decreased by 3.7%, TP by 63.6%, TN by 4%, and Chl-a by 89.4%. Results indicate that ecological restoration effectively controlled TP, inhibited algal growth, significantly improved water transparency and effectively treated eutrophication. The process can be expanded and implemented throughout Nanhu Lake.
Eutrophication is a global problem and ecological restoration is a primary means for managing eutrophication. Nanhu Lake is located in the core area of Nanning City, Guangxi Province. From August 2013 to February 2014, our research team conducted an ecological restoration experiment in Nanhu Lake to explore methods for treating eutrophication and the feasibility of ecological restoration in Nanhu Lake. An enclosed experimental area was set up using canvas and scaffolding in the upper lake with the area of 670 m~2 and water depth of 1.6-2.0 m. Herbivorous and omnivorous fish in the enclosure were removed to reduce mixing and EM strains were used to increase transparency. The macrophyte, Vallisneria natans, was then planted at a density of 1.4 kg/m~2. After vegetation coverage reached 90%, aquatic organisms, such as Cirrhinus molitorella, Bellamya aeruginosa and Anodonta were added at densities of 6 g/m~2,10 g/m~2 and 1 g/m~2, respectively. Water quality was monitored during the experiment; water depth and temperature, air temperature and transparency of the test area and open area of Nanhu Lake were measured daily and TP, TN, COD_(Mn) and Chl-a were measured monthly in the test area and open area of Nanhu Lake. After 5 months, the newly constructed ecosystem was completed and stabilized and water quality in the test area increased from GradeⅤto Grade Ⅳ(GB 3838-2002). Transparency increased from 0.25 m to 1.8 m; COD_(Mn) decreased by 70%, from 8.8 mg/L to 2.6 mg/L; TP decreased by 60%, from 0.10 mg/L to 0.04 mg/L; TN decreased by 14.5%, from 1.37 mg/L to 1.17 mg/L and Chl-a decreased by 91.1%, from 51 mg/m~3 to 4.6 mg/m~3. Compared to the whole lake, transparency in the test area was >3 times higher, COD_(Mn) decreased by 3.7%, TP by 63.6%, TN by 4%, and Chl-a by 89.4%. Results indicate that ecological restoration effectively controlled TP, inhibited algal growth, significantly improved water transparency and effectively treated eutrophication. The process can be expanded and implemented throughout Nanhu Lake.
引文
陈竑,刘文炜,陈宗永,1999. 南湖富营养化的主要控制因子分析[J]. 广西大学学报(自然科学版), 24(1):80-84.
国家环境保护总局,2002.水和废水监测分析方法(4版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社:243-285.
金相灿,屠清英,1990.湖泊富营养化调查规范(2版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社:141-188.
雷慧憎,姜仁良,王道尊,等,1981. 池塘养鱼学[M]. 上海:上海科学技术出版社:161-164.
刘传,2010. 南宁市南湖水质状况及治理对策探讨[A]. 中国环境科学学会学术年会论集[C].北京:中国环境科学出版社.
秦伯强,2007. 湖泊生态恢复的基本原理与实现[J]. 生态学报, 27(11):4848-4858.
王立志,王国祥, 2012. 苦草密度对扰动引起各形态磷释放的影响[J]. 生态环境, 21(6):1096-1101.
魏薇,曹文平,汪银梅,2013. 大型水生植物修复受损水环境机理及进展[J]. 广东农业科学, 40(16):160-162.
吴晓东,潘继征,李文朝,等,2013. 滆湖东岸生态修复试验区的水质净化效果[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 29(3):284-289.
徐德文,刘正文,雷泽相,等,2005. 大型水生植物对湖泊生态修复的作用机制研究进展[J]. 长江大学学报(自然版), 2(2):14-18.
严永富,王锦堂,方琛亮,2013. EM菌与沉水植物联合应用脱氮除磷试验研究[J]. 浙江水利科技, 41(4):19-20, 24.
国家环境保护总局,2002.水和废水监测分析方法(4版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社:243-285.
金相灿,屠清英,1990.湖泊富营养化调查规范(2版)[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社:141-188.
雷慧憎,姜仁良,王道尊,等,1981. 池塘养鱼学[M]. 上海:上海科学技术出版社:161-164.
刘传,2010. 南宁市南湖水质状况及治理对策探讨[A]. 中国环境科学学会学术年会论集[C].北京:中国环境科学出版社.
秦伯强,2007. 湖泊生态恢复的基本原理与实现[J]. 生态学报, 27(11):4848-4858.
王立志,王国祥, 2012. 苦草密度对扰动引起各形态磷释放的影响[J]. 生态环境, 21(6):1096-1101.
魏薇,曹文平,汪银梅,2013. 大型水生植物修复受损水环境机理及进展[J]. 广东农业科学, 40(16):160-162.
吴晓东,潘继征,李文朝,等,2013. 滆湖东岸生态修复试验区的水质净化效果[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 29(3):284-289.
徐德文,刘正文,雷泽相,等,2005. 大型水生植物对湖泊生态修复的作用机制研究进展[J]. 长江大学学报(自然版), 2(2):14-18.
严永富,王锦堂,方琛亮,2013. EM菌与沉水植物联合应用脱氮除磷试验研究[J]. 浙江水利科技, 41(4):19-20, 24.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |