制粉方式对FGH97合金组织和低周疲劳性能的影响
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摘要
等离子旋转电极粉(P粉)和氩气雾化粉(A粉)经过相同的制备工艺得到两种合金坯料(P合金和A合金)。对两种合金的显微组织和性能进行表征,研究不同制粉方式对FGH97镍基粉末高温合金组织和低周疲劳性能的影响。结果表明:而相较于P合金, A合金的晶粒尺寸更细,γ′相析出更均匀,基本不存在残余枝晶,晶界碳化物呈点状断续分布; A合金的强度略高,塑性显著优于P合金;与此同时,两种低周疲劳裂纹源均以熔渣型夹杂物为主,但A合金的夹杂物尺寸明显更小; A合金低周疲劳裂纹萌生抗力远高于P合金,前者低周疲劳寿命远超过150000周次,远优于后者(<70000周次);且A合金的疲劳性能很稳定。
Two kinds of Ni-based superalloy powders(P-powder and A-powder) were prepared from masteralloy melted via the process of vacuum induction melting(VIM) by plasma rotating electrode process(PREP) and argon atomization(AA) method, which were used to fabricate two different alloys(P-alloy and A-alloy) using the same hot isostatic pressing process and heat treatment process. The study of microstructure and mechanical properties of FGH97 alloy were conducted to demonstrate the effect of different routes of powders preparation on the microstructure and low-cycle fatigue properties. It was found that the grain size of A-alloy was finer and γ′ phase was more uniform, compared with P-alloy, there was no residual dendrite, and grain boundary carbides were intermittent punctate distribution; the strength of A-alloy was slightly higher, and the plasticity was better than that of P-alloy; at the same time, the crack initiation was formed at the site of slag inclusions, but the size of inclusions of A-alloy significantly smaller; accordingly, the resistance of low-cycle fatigue crack initiation of A-alloy was superior than that of P-alloy due to the fine powder prepared by the process of argon atomization, showing a life time of more than 150000 cycles, far better than that of P-alloy(<70000 cycles); and the fatigue property of A-alloy was very stable.
Two kinds of Ni-based superalloy powders(P-powder and A-powder) were prepared from masteralloy melted via the process of vacuum induction melting(VIM) by plasma rotating electrode process(PREP) and argon atomization(AA) method, which were used to fabricate two different alloys(P-alloy and A-alloy) using the same hot isostatic pressing process and heat treatment process. The study of microstructure and mechanical properties of FGH97 alloy were conducted to demonstrate the effect of different routes of powders preparation on the microstructure and low-cycle fatigue properties. It was found that the grain size of A-alloy was finer and γ′ phase was more uniform, compared with P-alloy, there was no residual dendrite, and grain boundary carbides were intermittent punctate distribution; the strength of A-alloy was slightly higher, and the plasticity was better than that of P-alloy; at the same time, the crack initiation was formed at the site of slag inclusions, but the size of inclusions of A-alloy significantly smaller; accordingly, the resistance of low-cycle fatigue crack initiation of A-alloy was superior than that of P-alloy due to the fine powder prepared by the process of argon atomization, showing a life time of more than 150000 cycles, far better than that of P-alloy(<70000 cycles); and the fatigue property of A-alloy was very stable.
引文
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[3] Liu J T, Zhang Y W, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang G X, Chi Y. Microstructure of FGH97 P /M superalloy [J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2011, 32(3): 47.(刘建涛, 张义文, 陶宇, 张莹, 张国星, 迟悦. FGH97合金的显微组织 [J]. 材料热处理学报, 2011, 32(3): 47.)
[4] Shi C X, Zhong Z Y. Fifty Years of Superalloy in China [M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2006. 113.(师昌绪, 仲增墉. 中国高温合金五十年 [M]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2006. 113.)
[5] Shi C X, Zhong Z Y. Development and innovation of superalloy in China [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2010, 46(11): 1281.(师昌绪, 仲增墉. 我国高温合金的发展与创新 [J]. 金属学报, 2010, 46(11): 1281.)
[6] Guo W M, Wu J T, Zhang F G, Chen G S. Inclusion in powder of nickel base superalloy FGH95 and the effect on LCF of the superalloy [J]. Powder Metallurgy Industry, 2000,10(3): 23.(国为民, 吴剑涛, 张凤戈, 陈淦生. FGH95镍基高温合金粉末中的夹杂及其对合金疲劳性能的影响 [J]. 粉末冶金工业, 2000, 10(3): 23.)
[7] Han Z Y, Zeng G, Liang S J, Chen X L, Zhang P, Zhang P X. Development in powder production technology of Ni-based superalloy [J]. Materials China, 2014, 33(12): 748.(韩志宇, 曾光, 梁书锦, 陈小林, 张鹏, 张平祥. 镍基高温合金粉末制备技术的发展现状 [J]. 中国材料进展, 2014, 33(12): 748.)
[8] Zhang Y, Zhang Y W, Zhang N, Liu M D, Liu J T. Fracture character of low cycle fatigue of P/M superalloy FGH97 [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2010, 46(4): 444.(张莹, 张义文, 张娜, 刘明东, 刘建涛. 粉末冶金高温合金FGH97的低周疲劳断裂特征 [J]. 金属学报, 2010, 46(4): 444.)
[9] Yuan H, Li Z, Xu W Y, Zhang G Q. The study of argon atomized superalloy powder [J]. Powder Metallurgy Industry, 2010, 20(4): 1.(袁华, 李周, 许文勇, 张国庆. 氩气雾化制备高温合金粉末的研究 [J]. 粉末冶金工业, 2010, 20(4): 1.)
[10] Hu B F, Zhang S H. Study on a nickel base superalloy FGH95 of turbine disc [J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 1997, 18(3): 28.(胡本芙, 章守华. 镍基粉末高温合金FGH95涡轮盘材料研究 [J]. 材料热处理学报, 1997, 18(3): 28.)
[11] Zhang Y W, Shangguan Y H. Research and development in P/M superalloy [J]. Powder Metallurgy Industry, 2004, 14(6): 30.(张义文, 上官永恒. 粉末高温合金的研究与发展 [J]. 粉末冶金工业, 2004, 14(6): 30.)
[12] Zhang Y, Zhang Y W, Zhang N, Jia J. Heat treatment processes and microstructure and properties research on P/M superalloy FGH97 [J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2008, 28(6): 8.(张莹, 张义文, 张娜, 贾建. FGH97粉末冶金高温合金热处理工艺和组织性能的研究 [J]. 航空材料学报, 2008, 28(6): 8.)
[13] Tan L M, Zhang Y W, Jia J, Liu J T. Strengthening design of nickel based powder metallurgy superalloy FGH97 [J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2016, 37(4): 5.(谭黎明, 张义文, 贾建, 刘建涛. 镍基粉末高温合金FGH97的强化设计 [J]. 材料热处理学报, 2016, 37(4): 5.)
[14] Gao Z J, Zhang G Q, Li Z, Yuan H, Xu W Y, Liu N. Effect of size distribution and oxygen content of powder on microstructure of HIPed superalloy FGH96 [J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 2012, 36(4): 665.(高正江, 张国庆, 李周, 袁华, 许文勇, 刘娜. 粉末粒度和氧含量对HIP态FGH96合金组织的影响 [J]. 稀有金属, 2012, 36(4): 665.)
[15] Zhang Y, Zhang Y W, Tao Y. Investigation on Russian P/M superalloy EP741NP [J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2006, 18(8): 62.(张莹, 张义文, 陶宇. 俄罗斯EP741NP粉末高温合金的研究 [J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2006, 18(8): 62.)
[16] Jia J, Tao Y, Zhang Y W, Zhang Y. Effect of aging heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of PM superalloy FGH95 [J]. Powder Metallurgy Industry, 2010, 20(1): 29.(贾建, 陶宇, 张义文, 张莹. 时效制度对粉末冶金高温合金FGH95组织和性能的影响 [J]. 粉末冶金工业, 2010, 20(1): 29.)
[17] Ma W B, Liu G Q, Hu B F, Hu P H, Zhang Y W, Liu J T. Effect of carbon on carbides in HIPed FGH96 alloy [J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2014, 43(1): 109.(马文斌, 刘国权, 胡本芙, 胡鹏辉, 张义文, 刘建涛. 碳含量对热等静压态FGH96合金碳化物的影响 [J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2014, 43(1):109.)
[18] Cai Z G, Liu Y K, Wang C Z, Zheng W L. Metal Wear and Rupture [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaotong University Press, 1985. 227.(蔡泽高, 刘以宽, 王承忠, 郑文龙. 金属磨损与断裂 [M]. 上海:上海交通大学出版社, 1985. 227.)
[19] Nai Q L, Dong J X, Hang M C, Zheng L, Yao Z H. Fatigue behavior of powder metallurgy superalloy FGH97 [J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2016, 38(2): 248.(佴启亮, 董建新, 张麦仓, 郑磊, 姚志浩. 粉末高温合金FGH97疲劳裂纹扩展行为 [J]. 工程科学学报, 2016, 38(2): 248.)
[20] Xu J, Zhang G P. Effects of grain size and initial immobile dislocation density on fatigue behavior of polycrystalline metals [J]. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2014, 590(1): 194.
[21] Weertman J. Zener-Stroh crack, Zener-Hollomon parameter, and other topics [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1986, 60(6): 1877.
[22] Yang J, Dong J, Zhang M, Yu T. High temperature fatigue crack growth behavior of a novel powder metallurgy superalloy FGH98 [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2013, 49(1): 71.
[23] Zeng Y P, Zhang M C, Dong J X, Zhang L N, Xie L N. Study on crack Initiation and propagation induced by inclusion in nickel-base P/M superalloy [J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2005,(3): 10.(曾燕屏, 张麦仓, 董建新, 张丽娜, 谢锡善. 镍基粉末高温合金中夹杂物导致裂纹萌生和扩展行为的研究 [J]. 材料工程, 2005, (3): 10.)
[24] Guo B W. Inclusion influence on fatigue property of P/M superalloy [J]. Ptca (Part: A Phys. Test.), 2008, 44(5):16.(郭伟彬. 夹杂物对粉末高温合金疲劳性能的影响 [J]. 理化检验(物理分册), 2008, 44(5): 16.)
[25] Zhou X M. Genetic Characteristic and Damage Mechanical Behavior of Non-Metallic Inclusions in P/M Superalloy [D]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, 2006. 58.(周晓明. 粉末高温合金中非金属夹杂物的遗传特征及损伤力学行为研究 [D]. 北京: 北京航空材料研究院, 2006. 58.)
[26] Wang P, Dong J X, Zhang Y W, Xie X S. Influence of heat treatments on crack propagation rates of FGH96 P/M superalloys [J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2010, 39(1): 157.(王璞, 董建新, 张义文, 谢锡善. 热处理对FGH96粉末高温合金裂纹扩展速率的影响 [J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2010, 39(1): 157.)
[2] Zhang Y, Zhang Y W, Zhang N, Jia J. Heat treatment processes and microstructure and properties research on P/M superalloy FGH97 [J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2008, 28(6): 5.(张莹, 张义文, 张娜, 贾建. FGH97粉末冶金高温合金热处理工艺和组织性能的研究 [J]. 航空材料学报, 2008, 28(6): 5.)
[3] Liu J T, Zhang Y W, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang G X, Chi Y. Microstructure of FGH97 P /M superalloy [J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2011, 32(3): 47.(刘建涛, 张义文, 陶宇, 张莹, 张国星, 迟悦. FGH97合金的显微组织 [J]. 材料热处理学报, 2011, 32(3): 47.)
[4] Shi C X, Zhong Z Y. Fifty Years of Superalloy in China [M]. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2006. 113.(师昌绪, 仲增墉. 中国高温合金五十年 [M]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2006. 113.)
[5] Shi C X, Zhong Z Y. Development and innovation of superalloy in China [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2010, 46(11): 1281.(师昌绪, 仲增墉. 我国高温合金的发展与创新 [J]. 金属学报, 2010, 46(11): 1281.)
[6] Guo W M, Wu J T, Zhang F G, Chen G S. Inclusion in powder of nickel base superalloy FGH95 and the effect on LCF of the superalloy [J]. Powder Metallurgy Industry, 2000,10(3): 23.(国为民, 吴剑涛, 张凤戈, 陈淦生. FGH95镍基高温合金粉末中的夹杂及其对合金疲劳性能的影响 [J]. 粉末冶金工业, 2000, 10(3): 23.)
[7] Han Z Y, Zeng G, Liang S J, Chen X L, Zhang P, Zhang P X. Development in powder production technology of Ni-based superalloy [J]. Materials China, 2014, 33(12): 748.(韩志宇, 曾光, 梁书锦, 陈小林, 张鹏, 张平祥. 镍基高温合金粉末制备技术的发展现状 [J]. 中国材料进展, 2014, 33(12): 748.)
[8] Zhang Y, Zhang Y W, Zhang N, Liu M D, Liu J T. Fracture character of low cycle fatigue of P/M superalloy FGH97 [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2010, 46(4): 444.(张莹, 张义文, 张娜, 刘明东, 刘建涛. 粉末冶金高温合金FGH97的低周疲劳断裂特征 [J]. 金属学报, 2010, 46(4): 444.)
[9] Yuan H, Li Z, Xu W Y, Zhang G Q. The study of argon atomized superalloy powder [J]. Powder Metallurgy Industry, 2010, 20(4): 1.(袁华, 李周, 许文勇, 张国庆. 氩气雾化制备高温合金粉末的研究 [J]. 粉末冶金工业, 2010, 20(4): 1.)
[10] Hu B F, Zhang S H. Study on a nickel base superalloy FGH95 of turbine disc [J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 1997, 18(3): 28.(胡本芙, 章守华. 镍基粉末高温合金FGH95涡轮盘材料研究 [J]. 材料热处理学报, 1997, 18(3): 28.)
[11] Zhang Y W, Shangguan Y H. Research and development in P/M superalloy [J]. Powder Metallurgy Industry, 2004, 14(6): 30.(张义文, 上官永恒. 粉末高温合金的研究与发展 [J]. 粉末冶金工业, 2004, 14(6): 30.)
[12] Zhang Y, Zhang Y W, Zhang N, Jia J. Heat treatment processes and microstructure and properties research on P/M superalloy FGH97 [J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials, 2008, 28(6): 8.(张莹, 张义文, 张娜, 贾建. FGH97粉末冶金高温合金热处理工艺和组织性能的研究 [J]. 航空材料学报, 2008, 28(6): 8.)
[13] Tan L M, Zhang Y W, Jia J, Liu J T. Strengthening design of nickel based powder metallurgy superalloy FGH97 [J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment, 2016, 37(4): 5.(谭黎明, 张义文, 贾建, 刘建涛. 镍基粉末高温合金FGH97的强化设计 [J]. 材料热处理学报, 2016, 37(4): 5.)
[14] Gao Z J, Zhang G Q, Li Z, Yuan H, Xu W Y, Liu N. Effect of size distribution and oxygen content of powder on microstructure of HIPed superalloy FGH96 [J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 2012, 36(4): 665.(高正江, 张国庆, 李周, 袁华, 许文勇, 刘娜. 粉末粒度和氧含量对HIP态FGH96合金组织的影响 [J]. 稀有金属, 2012, 36(4): 665.)
[15] Zhang Y, Zhang Y W, Tao Y. Investigation on Russian P/M superalloy EP741NP [J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2006, 18(8): 62.(张莹, 张义文, 陶宇. 俄罗斯EP741NP粉末高温合金的研究 [J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2006, 18(8): 62.)
[16] Jia J, Tao Y, Zhang Y W, Zhang Y. Effect of aging heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of PM superalloy FGH95 [J]. Powder Metallurgy Industry, 2010, 20(1): 29.(贾建, 陶宇, 张义文, 张莹. 时效制度对粉末冶金高温合金FGH95组织和性能的影响 [J]. 粉末冶金工业, 2010, 20(1): 29.)
[17] Ma W B, Liu G Q, Hu B F, Hu P H, Zhang Y W, Liu J T. Effect of carbon on carbides in HIPed FGH96 alloy [J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2014, 43(1): 109.(马文斌, 刘国权, 胡本芙, 胡鹏辉, 张义文, 刘建涛. 碳含量对热等静压态FGH96合金碳化物的影响 [J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2014, 43(1):109.)
[18] Cai Z G, Liu Y K, Wang C Z, Zheng W L. Metal Wear and Rupture [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaotong University Press, 1985. 227.(蔡泽高, 刘以宽, 王承忠, 郑文龙. 金属磨损与断裂 [M]. 上海:上海交通大学出版社, 1985. 227.)
[19] Nai Q L, Dong J X, Hang M C, Zheng L, Yao Z H. Fatigue behavior of powder metallurgy superalloy FGH97 [J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2016, 38(2): 248.(佴启亮, 董建新, 张麦仓, 郑磊, 姚志浩. 粉末高温合金FGH97疲劳裂纹扩展行为 [J]. 工程科学学报, 2016, 38(2): 248.)
[20] Xu J, Zhang G P. Effects of grain size and initial immobile dislocation density on fatigue behavior of polycrystalline metals [J]. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2014, 590(1): 194.
[21] Weertman J. Zener-Stroh crack, Zener-Hollomon parameter, and other topics [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1986, 60(6): 1877.
[22] Yang J, Dong J, Zhang M, Yu T. High temperature fatigue crack growth behavior of a novel powder metallurgy superalloy FGH98 [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2013, 49(1): 71.
[23] Zeng Y P, Zhang M C, Dong J X, Zhang L N, Xie L N. Study on crack Initiation and propagation induced by inclusion in nickel-base P/M superalloy [J]. Journal of Materials Engineering, 2005,(3): 10.(曾燕屏, 张麦仓, 董建新, 张丽娜, 谢锡善. 镍基粉末高温合金中夹杂物导致裂纹萌生和扩展行为的研究 [J]. 材料工程, 2005, (3): 10.)
[24] Guo B W. Inclusion influence on fatigue property of P/M superalloy [J]. Ptca (Part: A Phys. Test.), 2008, 44(5):16.(郭伟彬. 夹杂物对粉末高温合金疲劳性能的影响 [J]. 理化检验(物理分册), 2008, 44(5): 16.)
[25] Zhou X M. Genetic Characteristic and Damage Mechanical Behavior of Non-Metallic Inclusions in P/M Superalloy [D]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, 2006. 58.(周晓明. 粉末高温合金中非金属夹杂物的遗传特征及损伤力学行为研究 [D]. 北京: 北京航空材料研究院, 2006. 58.)
[26] Wang P, Dong J X, Zhang Y W, Xie X S. Influence of heat treatments on crack propagation rates of FGH96 P/M superalloys [J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2010, 39(1): 157.(王璞, 董建新, 张义文, 谢锡善. 热处理对FGH96粉末高温合金裂纹扩展速率的影响 [J]. 稀有金属材料与工程, 2010, 39(1): 157.)
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